This document summarizes the evolution of approaches to gender in development, beginning with Boserup's (1970) work highlighting the impact of development projects on women. It describes the Women in Development (WID) approach of the 1970s, which emphasized women's economic roles but was criticized for oversimplifying gender roles. The Gender and Development (GAD) perspective emerged in the 1980s-90s to consider gender divisions of labor and power relations, but was difficult to implement. More recently, the importance of analyzing masculinities and including men has been recognized, though there are concerns this could recentralize patriarchal perspectives. The document reviews critiques of each approach.
Political Activity of Women and Men – the Psychosocial Determinants of Conven...Przegląd Politologiczny
Political activity is a type of social activity displayed by citizens. Observations and research
indicate that gender can be a factor which conditions its degree and forms. Apart from biological gender, which shapes the societal roles of women and men, additional factors that are supposedly responsible for their activities include elements of the system of beliefs (i.e. acknowledged political values,
conviction that political activity has an importance, level of satisfaction with democracy as well as
individualism and collectivism understood as an element of individual’s mentality). The impact of those
factors on degree of conventional political activities among women and men is the subject of surveys
which were conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2014 on a group of 1048 students from Polish universities.
The received results show that differences in political activity between surveyed men and women as
well as varying determinants in both groups are slowly fading away. The most important predictors of
women’s political activity include: conviction of its significance in democracy and (dis)satisfaction
with the way it functions.
Evaluation of the relationship between social capital and quality of life of ...inventionjournals
According to studies conducted on female-headed households, women living in such households are very vulnerable and may face a lot of difficulties and obstacles both at the individual and macro level. As female heads of households do not have social capital, they are faced with many challenges and barriers; for instance, they commit crimes, make diversion and disruption in parenting responsibilities, face material and cultural poverty in the community, and ultimately encounter a reduction in their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between social capital and quality of life of female heads of households in Yasouj. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 female heads of households in Yasouj and it lasted for six months. Data collection tools included the followings: a demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire, and the World Bank questionnaire of social capital (SC-IQ). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software and descriptive analytical statistics. The findings of this study showed that quality of life and social capital of female heads of households were completely interdependent and had a positive impact on each other. Based on the results, the quality of life of female heads of households in Yasouj was lower than the quality of life of general population in Yasouj. On the other hand, this group of women had a relatively low level of social capital. As a result, authorities must pay special attention to the problems of this group and design long-term plans and perform community-based researches in order to improve their quality of life and make fundamental changes to increase the social capital of this vulnerable group of women.
Introduction to Women's and Gender Studies Lectureamyhudock
I took many of the slides from the powerpoint presentation called Intro to Gender 2000, but I adapted the slideshow for my own use. I also used the template provided by the slideshow. I provide a link to the original at the end of the slideshow.
Drawing upon research undertaken with community development practitioners in the North Central of Nigeria, this
article argues that feminist community development processes have been undermined by the application of policy
initiatives which were designed to achieve equality and fairness. The application of targeted and technically neutral
systems has resulted in a managerialist approach to community development which has privileged masculinist practices
and marginalized the intersubjective, consciousness-raising practices which are central to feminism. The consequence is
that the broader emancipatory principles of community development practice have been distorted within a policy
discourse of equality
Political Activity of Women and Men – the Psychosocial Determinants of Conven...Przegląd Politologiczny
Political activity is a type of social activity displayed by citizens. Observations and research
indicate that gender can be a factor which conditions its degree and forms. Apart from biological gender, which shapes the societal roles of women and men, additional factors that are supposedly responsible for their activities include elements of the system of beliefs (i.e. acknowledged political values,
conviction that political activity has an importance, level of satisfaction with democracy as well as
individualism and collectivism understood as an element of individual’s mentality). The impact of those
factors on degree of conventional political activities among women and men is the subject of surveys
which were conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2014 on a group of 1048 students from Polish universities.
The received results show that differences in political activity between surveyed men and women as
well as varying determinants in both groups are slowly fading away. The most important predictors of
women’s political activity include: conviction of its significance in democracy and (dis)satisfaction
with the way it functions.
Evaluation of the relationship between social capital and quality of life of ...inventionjournals
According to studies conducted on female-headed households, women living in such households are very vulnerable and may face a lot of difficulties and obstacles both at the individual and macro level. As female heads of households do not have social capital, they are faced with many challenges and barriers; for instance, they commit crimes, make diversion and disruption in parenting responsibilities, face material and cultural poverty in the community, and ultimately encounter a reduction in their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between social capital and quality of life of female heads of households in Yasouj. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 female heads of households in Yasouj and it lasted for six months. Data collection tools included the followings: a demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire, and the World Bank questionnaire of social capital (SC-IQ). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software and descriptive analytical statistics. The findings of this study showed that quality of life and social capital of female heads of households were completely interdependent and had a positive impact on each other. Based on the results, the quality of life of female heads of households in Yasouj was lower than the quality of life of general population in Yasouj. On the other hand, this group of women had a relatively low level of social capital. As a result, authorities must pay special attention to the problems of this group and design long-term plans and perform community-based researches in order to improve their quality of life and make fundamental changes to increase the social capital of this vulnerable group of women.
Introduction to Women's and Gender Studies Lectureamyhudock
I took many of the slides from the powerpoint presentation called Intro to Gender 2000, but I adapted the slideshow for my own use. I also used the template provided by the slideshow. I provide a link to the original at the end of the slideshow.
Drawing upon research undertaken with community development practitioners in the North Central of Nigeria, this
article argues that feminist community development processes have been undermined by the application of policy
initiatives which were designed to achieve equality and fairness. The application of targeted and technically neutral
systems has resulted in a managerialist approach to community development which has privileged masculinist practices
and marginalized the intersubjective, consciousness-raising practices which are central to feminism. The consequence is
that the broader emancipatory principles of community development practice have been distorted within a policy
discourse of equality
Gender studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing gender identity and gendered representation. It includes women's studies (concerning women, feminism, gender, and politics), men's studies and queer studies.
Its rise to prominence, especially in Western universities after 1990, has been noted as a success of deconstructionism. Sometimes, gender studies is offered together with study of sexuality.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Place an order for this assignment or any other paper at superbessaywriters.com/order. We guarantee that the paper will be delivered within the specified deadline.
Jahrhundertelang veränderte sich die Rolle des starken Mannes, als Familienernährer und Familienoberhaupt kaum. Dem empfindsamen Romanheld in Johann Wolfgang von Goethes „Die Leiden des neuen Werthers“ eiferten zwar viele junge Männer des späten 18. Jahrhunderts nach, doch am traditionellen Rollenbild änderte sich nichts.
Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts nahmen die unterschiedlichen Männerbilder stetig zu. Ob das nun die gefühlsbetonteren 68er waren oder die glatten Yuppies der 1980er-Jahre. Doch seit sich die Trends immer schneller überholen, tauchen auch immer wieder „neue Männer“ auf. Zu Beginn des neuen Jahrtausends wurde etwa der metrosexuelle Mann ausgerufen. Das Wort setzt sich aus „metropolitan“ für weltoffen und „hetero“ für heterosexuell zusammen. Gemeint sind damit körper- und modebewusste Männer, die auch ein entsprechendes Auftreten haben. Wer sich den britischen Ex-Fußballstar David Beckham vorstellt, weiß, was gemeint ist.
2006 kreierten US-Trendforschern den Begriff M-Ness. Er sollte eine neue Männlichkeit bezeichnen, die mehr nach Werten und Prinzipien als der Metrosexuelle lebt. Klassische Tugenden wie Stärke, Ehre oder Charakter spielen eine wichtige Rolle. Als Vertreter galt beispielsweise der Sänger der Band U2, der sich auch für soziale Projekte engagierte.
Zuletzt kam Sporno auf. Diesen Männern, häufig Sportler, ist ihr schöner Körper sehr wichtig. Und wieder gilt ein Fußballer als bester Vertreter: Cristiano Ronaldo.
Gender studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to analysing gender identity and gendered representation. It includes women's studies (concerning women, feminism, gender, and politics), men's studies and queer studies.
Its rise to prominence, especially in Western universities after 1990, has been noted as a success of deconstructionism. Sometimes, gender studies is offered together with study of sexuality.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Place an order for this assignment or any other paper at superbessaywriters.com/order. We guarantee that the paper will be delivered within the specified deadline.
Jahrhundertelang veränderte sich die Rolle des starken Mannes, als Familienernährer und Familienoberhaupt kaum. Dem empfindsamen Romanheld in Johann Wolfgang von Goethes „Die Leiden des neuen Werthers“ eiferten zwar viele junge Männer des späten 18. Jahrhunderts nach, doch am traditionellen Rollenbild änderte sich nichts.
Seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts nahmen die unterschiedlichen Männerbilder stetig zu. Ob das nun die gefühlsbetonteren 68er waren oder die glatten Yuppies der 1980er-Jahre. Doch seit sich die Trends immer schneller überholen, tauchen auch immer wieder „neue Männer“ auf. Zu Beginn des neuen Jahrtausends wurde etwa der metrosexuelle Mann ausgerufen. Das Wort setzt sich aus „metropolitan“ für weltoffen und „hetero“ für heterosexuell zusammen. Gemeint sind damit körper- und modebewusste Männer, die auch ein entsprechendes Auftreten haben. Wer sich den britischen Ex-Fußballstar David Beckham vorstellt, weiß, was gemeint ist.
2006 kreierten US-Trendforschern den Begriff M-Ness. Er sollte eine neue Männlichkeit bezeichnen, die mehr nach Werten und Prinzipien als der Metrosexuelle lebt. Klassische Tugenden wie Stärke, Ehre oder Charakter spielen eine wichtige Rolle. Als Vertreter galt beispielsweise der Sänger der Band U2, der sich auch für soziale Projekte engagierte.
Zuletzt kam Sporno auf. Diesen Männern, häufig Sportler, ist ihr schöner Körper sehr wichtig. Und wieder gilt ein Fußballer als bester Vertreter: Cristiano Ronaldo.
Expanding Understanding of Masculinity as a Tool to Build Opportunity Structu...frontlinesol
This Gathering of Leaders 2014 session provided insight into how generational shifts might complicate contemporary thinking of masculinity, and offered examples of successful initiatives rooted in an expanded understanding of masculinity.
MEDIA PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN GOVERNANCE: WHAT HAS CHANGED?AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
which is now ratified by the majority of the world's governments; despite this, women’s representation in
governance remains abysmally poor. The media have persistently portrayed women in a low status like sex
objects, wives, mothers, caregivers, victims and dependants, unlike men who are portrayed as professionals and
independent leaders. Again, as men largely control means of communication and women do not have equal
representation in the media, these stereotypes have shaped the minds of media consumers negatively about
female gender roles in the society and have potentially excluded women from full participation in public life.
Taking this into account, this study in search of the causes contends that the poor portrayal of women in
governance and positions of authority remain the critical components of low political participation of women in
governance. The participants were drawn from a multi-layered cluster of educated women across three cities in
Anambra State spread across the three senatorial districts whose ages ranged from 26 to 57 years with a mean
age of 38-50yrs. In the design, we used qualitative design which employed the uses of in-depth interview to
elicit the opinion of the 19 participants on women’s participation in governance while we used thematic analysis
to analyze qualitative data. In the result patriarchal system, funding, domestic engagements emerged as the
leading constraints which have affected media portrayal of women in governance. Also, discrimination,
marginalization, low education and low levels of awareness emerged as themes when the participants were
asked about the factors which increase the likelihood of unfavorable media portrayal of women in governance.
Considering the consequences, the study recommends a conscientious gender mainstreaming as well as
proactive legislation to deepen gender affirmation and inclusiveness in governance.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Reproductive Health, Population Control and Women’s Sexuality: the Indian Experience
www.researchtrend.net
ABSTRACT: Women’s sexuality has always been viewed in a narrow sense, reducing it into mere reproductive health of future mothers who are expected to give birth to healthy children for the nation’s growth and development. This paper traces the relationship of women’s sexuality and their health and tries to see how it shapes their lives and perspective of well-being. Women’s reproductive health has never been an independent concern except in relation to their reproductive capacities. It focuses on the linkages between women’s choice, autonomy, voices, rights and state health policies imposed on them. This paper also explores the shaping of the ‘motherhood’ imagery used by leaders of so called nation building. It is argued here that women are viewed as mother goddesses and expected to fulfill their motherly roles for nation building rather than acknowledge their existence as an individual having independent choice and rights. The article locates the discourse of sexuality, fertility and population control in pre- and post-independence India and its impact over women’s control of their body, fertility and access to basic health services through larger political debates and policy frameworks.
ABSTRACT: Gender issue dominates the 21st century discourse both in the developed world and in the developing countries. It is a top priority of United Nation policy and World Bank commitment to invest on any programmes that guarantee full participation of women. Gender inequality or discrimination has been blamed on the steady increase on poverty, unemployment and other related issues. It is by no means a Western concept aimed at liberating women from perceived discrimination. Gender equality is perceived as a meaningful guarantor of development. However, academic query on this important issue left some gap to be filled on the irony of gender equality. What does the concept stand for, where is it coming from, what is the motive of gender equality, does it really guarantee women freedom without subjecting them to forms of exploitation and dehumanization? This piece is critical in answering these questions and in accessing the economic development agenda behind the campaign on gender equality. In order to achieve this, Marxist position is utilized, while upholding Structural functionalist theory to maintain the status quo and with certain modification and improvement on the condition of women. However, the study indicted capitalist economic system as the major causes of gender inequality.
Chapter twoLiterature ReviewThis chapter will demonstrate ot.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter two
Literature Review
This chapter will demonstrate other's studies and literature done by students, researcher and scholars. This will cover the following points:
· History and definition of women empowerment
· Determinants of women empowerment
· Progress of women empowerment in Oman
· Omanisation and women empowerment (vision 2020)
· Management of Human Resources in Oman
Definition of Women Empowerment
The concept of women empowerment is gaining significance all over the world as evidenced by the measures taken by major countries, researches made by academicians of universities, and initiatives taken by international platforms like United Nations. The existing research and literature indicate that concept of women empowerment appeared in the second half of the twentieth century. But historical facts show that this concept appeared in 7th century when Islam religion came into being. The rights of women as given in the Qura’n and the traditions of Prophet Muhammad were a revolutionary step in the 7th century.
Spiritual equality of sexes has been recognized in Islam. This is due to the recognition by classical Muslim jurisprudence of the essential inequality of men and women and division of rights of women into different categories as wife, mother and daughter instead of women’s rights(Mandal,2013).
The rights given in Qura’n, though revolutionary at that time, recognized the need for a gradual approach towards achievement of the full message of the Qura’n. The United Nations in this regard played an important role by emphasizing a gender focus approach and enhancing critical importance of women empowerment through declaration of the ‘Women’s Decade’ in 1975.(Mandal,2013)
The concept of women empowerment is a boiling issue all over the world. Women Empowerment refers to "increasing and improving the social, economic, political and legal strength of the women, to ensure equal-right to women, and to make them confident enough to claim their rights".(Teamwork,2015)
The concept in this wider and comprehensive sense became popular through the United Nations specialized institutions in the beginning of the 1990’s. The United Nations various institutions became especially aware of the increasing significance of women’s empowerment to the success of development programs in developing countries. The empowerment of women was crucial component to a great number of declarations and platforms of action such as the 1990 World Conference on Education for All, the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the 1993 Human Rights Conference, the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, the 1995 World Summit for Social Development and the Regional Preparatory Conferences for the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women. This increased interest in, and understanding of, women’s pivotal role in the development process has also been mirrored in the goals and priorities of all UN organizations and agencies. The Unit ...
International Advances in Engineering and Technology (IAET) .docxnormanibarber20063
International Advances in Engineering and Technology (IAET)
ISSN: 2305-8285 Vol.13 January 2013
www.scholarism.net International Scientific Researchers (ISR)
58
Gender Differences in Religious Practice and Significance
Linda Woodhead
For reasons which merit separate analysis, the Sociology of Religion has lagged
behind many other fields in taking gender seriously. Whilst small-scale, ethnographic
studies have been most likely to recognise the significance of gender, dominant
theoretical frameworks within the Sociology of Religion often remain gender-blind.
Although there has been some debate about why women, in the West at least, are
more religious than men,
1
this has largely taken place in isolation from what are still
considered to be the „big‟ issues in the sociological analysis of religion, most notably
issues concerning the growth and decline of religion in modern societies.
This inattention to gender contrasts with the liveliness of gender studies within the
academy in recent decades. There have been a number of significant advances in
theorising gender, most notably in three related areas. First, the idea that a distinction
can be drawn between a biologically-given „sex‟ and a socially-constructed „gender‟
has been widely discredited. Historical studies like Laqueur (1990) demonstrate that
sex is historically and culturally variable, with the modern idea of two separate sexes
representing a shift away from the longer-established western view that there is a
single male sex, of which the female is an inferior manifestation. The „sex and
gender‟ model has also been undermined by a model of sex/gender as produced in and
by social processes and performances (Butler, 1999), or as a form of „social
embodiment‟ (Connell, 2002). The latter view stresses the mutual constitution of
bodies and social processes, such that it is impossible to prise them apart, whilst the
former tends to reduce the bodily to the social. Second, rejection of the „sex and
gender‟ model is bound up with a rejection of the idea that there are „two spheres‟ of
masculinity and femininity or male and female. Psychological research on sex
difference has failed to find any large or universal differences between men and
women (for a summary see Kimmel, 2000), and there is a growing awareness that in
different cultural contexts gender can be viewed as one or as many, rather than as
binary. Finally, these developments have rendered talk about „sex roles‟ – a term
which implies a sex and gender model – problematic. The idea that individuals are
socialised into sex roles in childhood has been supplemented by the idea that
sex/gender differences are continually negotiated throughout the life-course, in a
process which is active as well as passive. Thus investigation into „femininities‟ and
„masculinities‟ is replacing study of „sex roles‟, on.
The role of gender in enhancing the development agendaJack Onyisi Abebe
Gender and development is important because it focuses on connections between gender and development initiatives and feminists’ perspectives, and deals with issues such as health and education, decision making and leadership, peace building, violence against women and economic empowerment. Development cannot be realized without the very significant component of gender. Countries the world over have proved that exclusion of women in development has rendered their development efforts futile.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Gender matters 1st may, Glasgow Centre for International Development, Unviersity of Glasgow
1. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Gender Matters:
Why we need to take women and
men into consideration when we
conceptualise peaceful and
effective development
Matt Maycock and Julie Brethfeld
2. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Introduction
“despite a widespread recognition in
development agencies that gender
matters, this all too often translates into
the token, partial and selective
incorporation of gender awareness into
public/international policy, so evident in
anti-poverty programmes”
Molyneux (2004, abstract)
3. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Boserup (1970) Woman's Role in Economic Development
Boserup investigated the impact of development projects on
women in the Global South.
Boserup ’s study challenged the argument that benefits of
Development automatically trickle down to women and other
disadvantaged groups
Boserup’s study put gender on the development agenda. This
was subsequently criticised for its oversimplification of the
nature of women’s work and roles. (Beneria and Sen in
Visvanathan 1997)
4. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Women in Development (WID), 1970s
The convergence of Women’s issues and Development problems
led to the growth of the “Women in Development” (WID), which
emphasised women’s economic and productive roles
WID advocates argued that:
• the benefits of Development had not reached women
• in some economic sectors women’s position was undermined
• women should be integrated into the design and
implementation of development programs through legal and
administrative changes
5. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Women in Development (WID) – Critiques
Assumed women were not already integrated into economic production
Influenced by American feminism: accepted existing social and political
structures (Mohanty, 1984)
Assumed women all had common problems and interests;
De-emphasized the family and community contexts affecting women’s
activities;
Often resulted in separate projects for women separate from broad
development programs. Non-confrontational, thus failed to transform the
fundamental status of women.
Tends to see development as an activity of a government-to-government
nature and consequently generally refrains from criticizing governments.
6. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Gender and Development (GAD), 1980s and 90s
The GAD perspective sought to move beyond gender
dichotomies and unilateral focus that had characterised WID.
GAD practitioners studied gender divisions of labour rather
than women and production.
Gender is verb not a noun, it is performed and socially
constructed (Butler, 1990)
Gender is shaped not only by a multiplicity of interacting
time-and place-contingent influences (culture, mode of
production, legal and political institutions, etc…), but is
further mediated by men’s and women’s insertion into other
socially generated categories such as class, age and “race”
(Moser 1993:3). Intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1989)
7. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Gender and Development (GAD), 1980s and 90s
One of the key aims of this approach was to reveal and
potentially alter, through appropriate development methods
and practices, the power relations implied by gender as a
socially constructed identity (Chant 2000:8).
It also called for the integration of a gender perspective at all
levels of development activity (2000:8) and aimed to promote
men’s role as potential supporters of women
Feminist anthropologists influencing GAD, contended that
there was nothing `natural’ about the gender inequalities that
take different forms in different cultures (cf. Strathern 1980,
Moore 1988).
8. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Gender and Development (GAD) – Critiques
GAD has faced criticism from gender theorists (cf. Jackson,
2001; Chant 2000), among others, who are unconvinced that
GAD has provided any alternative to the shortcomings of WID.
In the literature and reports of development agencies and NGOs,
the terms ‘gender’ and ‘women’ are often used interchangeably
as if one were synonymous with the other (Kaufman 2003:3)
On a more practical level, the complicated concept of gender as
performed, relational and contested is less easily incorporated
into development planning than the ‘add on’ WID approach that
preceded it. GAD often requires action beyond the limited time
and resources of development agencies
9. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Men, Masculinities and Development
The perceived failure of GAD to adopt a truly relational and
integrated approach has meant that development agencies are
becoming increasingly interested to ‘bring men in’ to work on
gender (White 2000:33).
Analyses of men as gendered beings (Connell, 1995), their
perceptions of the relationships they have with women and with
other men have been largely missing from the GAD agenda.
Various contributions to GAD debates have emphasised the
importance of a male-inclusive approach (Chant 2003; Jackson
2001) and drawn attention to the ways in which GAD practice and
policy, based on hegemonic gender ideologies, has negated the
diversity of men and masculinities.
10. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Men, Masculinities and Development – Critiques
It is important that an agency-centred approach to the analysis of
gender and power does not go too far in legitimising non-
equitable hierarchies of power.
Turning attention to men may allow the ‘reinscription’ of
patriarchal explanations which lie conveniently close to hand
(White 2000:35).
There is a concern that there is an emerging assumption that
women in development have been ‘done’ and all that is needed
now is to ‘bring men in’ (White 2000:35).
Incorporating men will not solve the problematic of gender
discourse as ‘sex-dressed’ (2000:37).
11. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
http://www.saferworld.org.uk
13. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow.
Thank you!
Matt Maycock
Matthew.maycock@glasgow.ac.uk
Julie Brethfeld
jbrethfeld@saferworld.org.uk
Editor's Notes
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.
For more on FFIT, please see (cf. Hunt et al (2014), A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet, April)
We will present findings on the acceptability of the programme to prisoners and staff, and on the potential for such approaches to improve the health of a vulnerable group of men.