Parks and open spaces provide important health, social, and environmental benefits to communities. They allow for recreation, preserve natural environments, and provide green space in urban areas. However, open spaces are under threat from development. It is important to strategically plan open space networks that are well-distributed and accessible to residents. In Mumbai specifically, there is very little open space per person compared to international standards, and over 45% of existing open space is encroached upon. Efforts must be made to protect existing green spaces from future development through zoning and community involvement.
Street furniture refers to objects installed on streets and roads, including benches, barriers, streetlamps, traffic signs, post boxes, and more. These items serve purposes like identifying streets, illuminating areas at night, warning of road conditions, and providing places to sit. Street furniture can also be used to control parking and requires liability insurance and maintenance if placed in public areas.
This document discusses the key elements of urban design, including signage, lighting, parking, landscaping, service areas, fencing, building materials, building articulation, and transportation. It provides details on each element, with a focus on how they should be considered and integrated into urban planning and development projects. Signage, lighting, landscaping, and building materials/articulation are some of the elements that contribute to the aesthetic character and visual experience of the urban environment. Other functional elements like parking, service areas, and transportation infrastructure need to be designed carefully with considerations for accessibility, traffic flow, and minimizing visual impacts.
Privately owned public spaces (POPS) are spaces that are privately owned but required to be open to the public under zoning laws. Cities grant developers bonuses like increased building height in exchange for POPS. While POPS are meant to benefit the public, they are often minimally designed and maintained spaces that just meet legal requirements. The policies aim to increase public space but can risk privatizing spaces if not properly regulated.
By Parijata Bharadwaj
Road accidents have become a common occurrence and it is predicted that soon they will become the leading killers in today’s motorized world overtaking AIDS and Tuberculosis. The worst hit by these accidents are the pedestrians. This paper aims at providing a detailed analysis of the present legal position of the pedestrian in India and the need to make modifications. The paper draws a comparison between the laws present in other countries as well as the initiative taken by the world community as a whole. In the end the paper suggests a model charter of rights and duties for the pedestrian in India.
Architecture Building Material Study - Concrete, Masonry, Glass, Timber & Pla...Nicholas Socrates
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides information about community centers, including their functions, history, and case studies. Community centers are public locations where community members gather for activities and social support. They can host celebrations, meetings, and family events. Historically, the first community centers were established in the 1940s-50s in Singapore and the 1960s-70s in Australia to foster community development. The case studies describe the Firstenburg Community Center in Vancouver, which incorporates recreational, community, and library spaces, and the Agha Khani community's use of jammat khannas as gathering places.
Modular construction involves prefabricating building units or modules in a factory setting and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. Modules are built using standardized dimensions for compatibility and can be assembled quickly. Modular construction offers advantages like reduced construction timelines and material waste while promoting industrialization and standardization. However, it also has disadvantages like higher transportation costs and limited design customization options compared to traditional construction methods. The goal of modular coordination is to improve construction productivity through industrialization using standardized sizing and positioning of building components.
A convention center is a building or group of buildings designed to host meetings, rallies, or seminars. Convention centers are often conveniently located for attendees and may be connected to a university. They provide facilities like kitchen access for catering and wifi internet access. Convention centers assist event organizers and provide amenities to make hosting events easy.
Street furniture refers to objects installed on streets and roads, including benches, barriers, streetlamps, traffic signs, post boxes, and more. These items serve purposes like identifying streets, illuminating areas at night, warning of road conditions, and providing places to sit. Street furniture can also be used to control parking and requires liability insurance and maintenance if placed in public areas.
This document discusses the key elements of urban design, including signage, lighting, parking, landscaping, service areas, fencing, building materials, building articulation, and transportation. It provides details on each element, with a focus on how they should be considered and integrated into urban planning and development projects. Signage, lighting, landscaping, and building materials/articulation are some of the elements that contribute to the aesthetic character and visual experience of the urban environment. Other functional elements like parking, service areas, and transportation infrastructure need to be designed carefully with considerations for accessibility, traffic flow, and minimizing visual impacts.
Privately owned public spaces (POPS) are spaces that are privately owned but required to be open to the public under zoning laws. Cities grant developers bonuses like increased building height in exchange for POPS. While POPS are meant to benefit the public, they are often minimally designed and maintained spaces that just meet legal requirements. The policies aim to increase public space but can risk privatizing spaces if not properly regulated.
By Parijata Bharadwaj
Road accidents have become a common occurrence and it is predicted that soon they will become the leading killers in today’s motorized world overtaking AIDS and Tuberculosis. The worst hit by these accidents are the pedestrians. This paper aims at providing a detailed analysis of the present legal position of the pedestrian in India and the need to make modifications. The paper draws a comparison between the laws present in other countries as well as the initiative taken by the world community as a whole. In the end the paper suggests a model charter of rights and duties for the pedestrian in India.
Architecture Building Material Study - Concrete, Masonry, Glass, Timber & Pla...Nicholas Socrates
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides information about community centers, including their functions, history, and case studies. Community centers are public locations where community members gather for activities and social support. They can host celebrations, meetings, and family events. Historically, the first community centers were established in the 1940s-50s in Singapore and the 1960s-70s in Australia to foster community development. The case studies describe the Firstenburg Community Center in Vancouver, which incorporates recreational, community, and library spaces, and the Agha Khani community's use of jammat khannas as gathering places.
Modular construction involves prefabricating building units or modules in a factory setting and transporting them to the construction site for assembly. Modules are built using standardized dimensions for compatibility and can be assembled quickly. Modular construction offers advantages like reduced construction timelines and material waste while promoting industrialization and standardization. However, it also has disadvantages like higher transportation costs and limited design customization options compared to traditional construction methods. The goal of modular coordination is to improve construction productivity through industrialization using standardized sizing and positioning of building components.
A convention center is a building or group of buildings designed to host meetings, rallies, or seminars. Convention centers are often conveniently located for attendees and may be connected to a university. They provide facilities like kitchen access for catering and wifi internet access. Convention centers assist event organizers and provide amenities to make hosting events easy.
Sir Ebenezer Howard was a pioneer of town planning who developed the concept of the garden city. He was influenced by the overcrowding and poor conditions he witnessed in cities like London and Chicago. Howard proposed that towns and countryside each had benefits and drawbacks, but that a new type of settlement combining their advantages could be created. This was the garden city - a self-contained community surrounded by greenbelt land, with proportionate areas for housing, industry and agriculture. The first examples of garden cities were Letchworth and Welwyn, which aimed to provide the benefits of both urban and rural living.
The document discusses space frames, which are lightweight, truss-like structures constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports by transmitting loads through tension and compression along the length of each strut. They are made of steel or timber and can be used for applications like sports arenas, assembly halls, airports, and workshops. Space frames come in single, double, or triple layer configurations and use node connectors to link the elements. Their advantages include being light, stiff, economical to construct, and allowing freedom of longer spans. Their disadvantage is they can be difficult to engineer due to complex force distributions.
The document discusses the forms and functions of squares and plazas in city design. It describes squares and plazas as open civic spaces framed by important buildings and thoroughfares. The document outlines various ways squares can be classified, including by function, regular vs irregular shape, number of symmetric axes, and forms described by Paul Zucker such as closed, dominated by a central feature, nuclear with a center, grouped combinations, and amorphous/formless. Well-known examples like St. Peter's Square and Piazza del Popolo are referenced.
The document provides details about the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai. It summarizes that the Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located on its own island off the coast of Dubai. It describes some of the hotel's luxurious amenities, including 202 suites, 9 restaurants, pools and a private beach. The document then provides further details about the hotel's restaurants, conference facilities, spa and bedrooms.
This document provides information about space frames, cable structures, and folded plate structures. It defines a space frame as a truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports. Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected along their edges to form a structural system without additional beams. Cable structures derive their strength from tension forces in the cables rather than from bending or compression. Common cable structures include suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and cable-supported roofs.
The document discusses different types of building core configurations and their advantages and disadvantages. The main types are:
- Central core - Located in the center, allows all windows to be used as office space but limits office depth. Requires perimeter access corridor.
- Off-center core - Provides more flexibility but some offices further from core. Long access corridor required.
- Exterior core - Leaves entire floor for tenant use but core takes up desirable window space.
- Double core - Placed on east and west sides for buffer zones and natural ventilation. Provides more flexibility in floor plan layout. More costly for smaller buildings.
This document discusses the key elements of urban design: buildings, public spaces, streets, transport, and landscape. It provides examples for each element. Buildings shape urban spaces and give a sense of place. Public spaces are living rooms of the city where people gather. Streets connect spaces and are defined by their dimensions, scale, and surrounding buildings. Transport networks enable movement throughout cities. Landscape includes green spaces like parks and trees that provide contrast. Together these elements are woven into the overall urban design structure.
This document provides a case study of the Hotel Vivanta by Taj, Whitefield in Bangalore, India. It describes the hotel's location, design concepts, facilities, guest rooms, and sustainable measures. The hotel is located in the International Tech Park, Bangalore and was designed by WOW Architects and WarnerWong Design. It has 196 guest rooms and suites of various types, as well as multiple dining, meeting, and recreation facilities. The case study outlines the hotel's concept, site plan, public spaces, and certifications.
The document provides information about the Mattuthavani Bus Terminus in Madurai, India. It summarizes that the bus terminus was constructed in 1999 and rebuilt in 2003 to accommodate increased traffic. It has 8 platforms with 12 bays each that are used by multiple state transport services. The 18-acre facility has amenities like an information center, food stalls, and restrooms. Buses, autos, and motorcycles each have designated parking areas. The building uses materials like concrete, granite, and bitumen and has features such as a compound wall, staircase, and railings.
The Amandari Resort in Bali was designed by architect Peter Muler and opened in October 1989. It was envisioned as a high-end cultural and lifestyle experience located near the village of Kedawatan for guests to experience Balinese culture. Muler designed the resort to blend into the landscape like a traditional Balinese village, incorporating local materials and labor. The suites and facilities are designed with privacy and integration with nature in mind, featuring private gardens, outdoor living spaces, and views of the surrounding rice fields and river gorge.
The document provides an analysis of a site located on Jalan Meriam in Muar, Johor, Malaysia. It includes details about the location, existing buildings and infrastructure, traffic patterns, and commercial activities. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths such as available facilities, opportunity for investment and reducing congestion, and threats like a lack of activity and population issues. Recommendations include increasing the residential population to match the wealth of homeowners, developing empty lands for new residential and commercial areas to reduce congestion in the main town, and using empty spaces for parking to serve a nearby mosque.
This document provides an overview of space frame theory and structures. It defines space frames as three-dimensional structures composed of assembled linear elements arranged to transfer loads without intermediate columns, allowing for large open areas. It describes two main types - two and three-way grids, and single/double/triple layered - and the typical components of tubes and connectors, including examples like tubular node connectors and nodus connectors. The document outlines advantages such as light weight, efficiency, and design freedom, and provides examples of space frame uses at San Siro Stadium and Stansted Airport.
The document discusses the importance of site analysis for building design. Site analysis is the process of studying the existing environment and how it will influence a structure's design and layout. Key factors to consider in site analysis include topography, vegetation, climate, views, and regulatory requirements. Contour lines are used to represent the topography and slope of land, which greatly impacts building foundation and drainage design. Conducting a thorough site analysis is essential before beginning the design process.
Roman towns were planned according to a grid pattern with two main roads, the cardo and decumanus, intersecting at the town center. Public buildings like the forum, basilica, temples, and baths were located in the central area. The forum served as a meeting place while the basilica was used for business and legal matters. Colonies established by Rome helped extend its culture and control. They were often given defensive walls and followed a standardized grid street and land plot pattern.
Kohinoor Square is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Mumbai comprising a 203m main tower and 142m residential tower. The main tower has shopping malls on the lower floors and a five-star hotel on the upper floors. The residential tower has parking on the lower 15 floors and apartments on the upper 20 floors. The complex was designed to be environmentally sustainable and received a LEED Gold rating. It has large landscaped gardens and terraces to maximize natural light and minimize heat gain. The central core structure uses a post-tensioned concrete slab system. The complex provides parking for 2000 cars and is well-connected to various parts of Mumbai by major roads.
Building Service Project 2 Case Study ReportJoyeeLee0131
A case study on Jaya Shopping Centre located at Petaling Jaya, Selangor of the building services such as ACMV system, Fire Protection System and Mechanical Transportation system.
Space frames are 3D truss structures made of hollow steel tubes interconnected by solid spherical nodes. Loads are transmitted through the members as tension or compression to the joints. Space frames derive their strength from the triangular configuration. Pune Junction railway station is upgrading to world-class standards and has 3 footbridges with elevators and a skywalk to access platforms. Space frame structures use double layered grids, axial members with circular sections, and nodal connectors to support roofing and other structural elements.
1) The document discusses an urban community commercial neighborhood project in Olaia Street precinct in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
2) Riyadh is one of the fastest growing cities in the world with a population of 4.9 million people within an area of 2435 square kilometers.
3) The specific area being analyzed is located in the Olaia neighborhood in the center of Riyadh, which has a commercial strip that is the heart of business and interface for city visitors.
Green Spaces Making i Cities Happy , Healthy and Sustainable Places to lLiveJIT KUMAR GUPTA
The document discusses the importance of green spaces in cities. It notes that rapid urbanization is leading to congestion and a lack of open spaces in many cities. Green spaces provide health, environmental, social and economic benefits by improving air quality, encouraging physical activity, reducing stress, and increasing social interaction and property values. However, many factors like unplanned development, high land costs, and lack of priority given to open spaces have resulted in a shortage of green spaces in most cities, negatively impacting quality of life. The document argues that public health should be a key consideration in urban planning and that more priority needs to be given to incorporating and maintaining adequate green spaces in cities.
Passing through an era of unsatiated consumerism, led by industrialization, urbanization, liberalization and globalization, urban living is adversely impacting human health- both physical and mental. Reports of WHO has stated that globally, large proportion of urban population is suffering from variety of problems including mental ill-health, obesity, social isolation, health inequalities, stresses and strains besides environmental degradation. Report calls upon nations /communities to find appropriate /equitable solutions to address health and environment related problems on priority . Green spaces play key role in addressing issues related to human health and environment, reduce illness, obesity and stress with positive outcomes, ensuring health, social and environmental benefits on sustained basis. Accordingly, providing adequate, quantitative and qualitative, open spaces; preserving, enhancing and promoting existing green spaces; making green spaces and parks integral part of planning and development process’, involving communities and users in the siting, planning and designing of green spaces; fostering multidisciplinary approach, based on collaboration with all the stakeholders, adopting a bottom-up approach for siting the open/ green spaces based on equity and in close proximity to the community, with priority going to neighborhoods/communities found deficient in green spaces, remains critical. For ensuring adequate provision of green spaces prevailing legal/developmental framework needs to be appropriately, reviewed, revised and redefined. Green Spaces need to be made integral part of the urban infrastructure and adequately reflected in the local infrastructure plans. Looking at the multiplicity of usages/purposes served and large number of benefits accruing, cities would need to be made more clean, green and eco-friendly by providing quality green spaces at prescribed norms, as part of urban infrastructure/ long term planning, development , management process. This can help and ensure making cities; more livable, sustainable, safe, inclusive, resilient, happy and healthy places to live in and work.
Sir Ebenezer Howard was a pioneer of town planning who developed the concept of the garden city. He was influenced by the overcrowding and poor conditions he witnessed in cities like London and Chicago. Howard proposed that towns and countryside each had benefits and drawbacks, but that a new type of settlement combining their advantages could be created. This was the garden city - a self-contained community surrounded by greenbelt land, with proportionate areas for housing, industry and agriculture. The first examples of garden cities were Letchworth and Welwyn, which aimed to provide the benefits of both urban and rural living.
The document discusses space frames, which are lightweight, truss-like structures constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports by transmitting loads through tension and compression along the length of each strut. They are made of steel or timber and can be used for applications like sports arenas, assembly halls, airports, and workshops. Space frames come in single, double, or triple layer configurations and use node connectors to link the elements. Their advantages include being light, stiff, economical to construct, and allowing freedom of longer spans. Their disadvantage is they can be difficult to engineer due to complex force distributions.
The document discusses the forms and functions of squares and plazas in city design. It describes squares and plazas as open civic spaces framed by important buildings and thoroughfares. The document outlines various ways squares can be classified, including by function, regular vs irregular shape, number of symmetric axes, and forms described by Paul Zucker such as closed, dominated by a central feature, nuclear with a center, grouped combinations, and amorphous/formless. Well-known examples like St. Peter's Square and Piazza del Popolo are referenced.
The document provides details about the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai. It summarizes that the Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel located on its own island off the coast of Dubai. It describes some of the hotel's luxurious amenities, including 202 suites, 9 restaurants, pools and a private beach. The document then provides further details about the hotel's restaurants, conference facilities, spa and bedrooms.
This document provides information about space frames, cable structures, and folded plate structures. It defines a space frame as a truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports. Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected along their edges to form a structural system without additional beams. Cable structures derive their strength from tension forces in the cables rather than from bending or compression. Common cable structures include suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and cable-supported roofs.
The document discusses different types of building core configurations and their advantages and disadvantages. The main types are:
- Central core - Located in the center, allows all windows to be used as office space but limits office depth. Requires perimeter access corridor.
- Off-center core - Provides more flexibility but some offices further from core. Long access corridor required.
- Exterior core - Leaves entire floor for tenant use but core takes up desirable window space.
- Double core - Placed on east and west sides for buffer zones and natural ventilation. Provides more flexibility in floor plan layout. More costly for smaller buildings.
This document discusses the key elements of urban design: buildings, public spaces, streets, transport, and landscape. It provides examples for each element. Buildings shape urban spaces and give a sense of place. Public spaces are living rooms of the city where people gather. Streets connect spaces and are defined by their dimensions, scale, and surrounding buildings. Transport networks enable movement throughout cities. Landscape includes green spaces like parks and trees that provide contrast. Together these elements are woven into the overall urban design structure.
This document provides a case study of the Hotel Vivanta by Taj, Whitefield in Bangalore, India. It describes the hotel's location, design concepts, facilities, guest rooms, and sustainable measures. The hotel is located in the International Tech Park, Bangalore and was designed by WOW Architects and WarnerWong Design. It has 196 guest rooms and suites of various types, as well as multiple dining, meeting, and recreation facilities. The case study outlines the hotel's concept, site plan, public spaces, and certifications.
The document provides information about the Mattuthavani Bus Terminus in Madurai, India. It summarizes that the bus terminus was constructed in 1999 and rebuilt in 2003 to accommodate increased traffic. It has 8 platforms with 12 bays each that are used by multiple state transport services. The 18-acre facility has amenities like an information center, food stalls, and restrooms. Buses, autos, and motorcycles each have designated parking areas. The building uses materials like concrete, granite, and bitumen and has features such as a compound wall, staircase, and railings.
The Amandari Resort in Bali was designed by architect Peter Muler and opened in October 1989. It was envisioned as a high-end cultural and lifestyle experience located near the village of Kedawatan for guests to experience Balinese culture. Muler designed the resort to blend into the landscape like a traditional Balinese village, incorporating local materials and labor. The suites and facilities are designed with privacy and integration with nature in mind, featuring private gardens, outdoor living spaces, and views of the surrounding rice fields and river gorge.
The document provides an analysis of a site located on Jalan Meriam in Muar, Johor, Malaysia. It includes details about the location, existing buildings and infrastructure, traffic patterns, and commercial activities. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths such as available facilities, opportunity for investment and reducing congestion, and threats like a lack of activity and population issues. Recommendations include increasing the residential population to match the wealth of homeowners, developing empty lands for new residential and commercial areas to reduce congestion in the main town, and using empty spaces for parking to serve a nearby mosque.
This document provides an overview of space frame theory and structures. It defines space frames as three-dimensional structures composed of assembled linear elements arranged to transfer loads without intermediate columns, allowing for large open areas. It describes two main types - two and three-way grids, and single/double/triple layered - and the typical components of tubes and connectors, including examples like tubular node connectors and nodus connectors. The document outlines advantages such as light weight, efficiency, and design freedom, and provides examples of space frame uses at San Siro Stadium and Stansted Airport.
The document discusses the importance of site analysis for building design. Site analysis is the process of studying the existing environment and how it will influence a structure's design and layout. Key factors to consider in site analysis include topography, vegetation, climate, views, and regulatory requirements. Contour lines are used to represent the topography and slope of land, which greatly impacts building foundation and drainage design. Conducting a thorough site analysis is essential before beginning the design process.
Roman towns were planned according to a grid pattern with two main roads, the cardo and decumanus, intersecting at the town center. Public buildings like the forum, basilica, temples, and baths were located in the central area. The forum served as a meeting place while the basilica was used for business and legal matters. Colonies established by Rome helped extend its culture and control. They were often given defensive walls and followed a standardized grid street and land plot pattern.
Kohinoor Square is a mixed-use skyscraper complex in Mumbai comprising a 203m main tower and 142m residential tower. The main tower has shopping malls on the lower floors and a five-star hotel on the upper floors. The residential tower has parking on the lower 15 floors and apartments on the upper 20 floors. The complex was designed to be environmentally sustainable and received a LEED Gold rating. It has large landscaped gardens and terraces to maximize natural light and minimize heat gain. The central core structure uses a post-tensioned concrete slab system. The complex provides parking for 2000 cars and is well-connected to various parts of Mumbai by major roads.
Building Service Project 2 Case Study ReportJoyeeLee0131
A case study on Jaya Shopping Centre located at Petaling Jaya, Selangor of the building services such as ACMV system, Fire Protection System and Mechanical Transportation system.
Space frames are 3D truss structures made of hollow steel tubes interconnected by solid spherical nodes. Loads are transmitted through the members as tension or compression to the joints. Space frames derive their strength from the triangular configuration. Pune Junction railway station is upgrading to world-class standards and has 3 footbridges with elevators and a skywalk to access platforms. Space frame structures use double layered grids, axial members with circular sections, and nodal connectors to support roofing and other structural elements.
1) The document discusses an urban community commercial neighborhood project in Olaia Street precinct in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
2) Riyadh is one of the fastest growing cities in the world with a population of 4.9 million people within an area of 2435 square kilometers.
3) The specific area being analyzed is located in the Olaia neighborhood in the center of Riyadh, which has a commercial strip that is the heart of business and interface for city visitors.
Green Spaces Making i Cities Happy , Healthy and Sustainable Places to lLiveJIT KUMAR GUPTA
The document discusses the importance of green spaces in cities. It notes that rapid urbanization is leading to congestion and a lack of open spaces in many cities. Green spaces provide health, environmental, social and economic benefits by improving air quality, encouraging physical activity, reducing stress, and increasing social interaction and property values. However, many factors like unplanned development, high land costs, and lack of priority given to open spaces have resulted in a shortage of green spaces in most cities, negatively impacting quality of life. The document argues that public health should be a key consideration in urban planning and that more priority needs to be given to incorporating and maintaining adequate green spaces in cities.
Passing through an era of unsatiated consumerism, led by industrialization, urbanization, liberalization and globalization, urban living is adversely impacting human health- both physical and mental. Reports of WHO has stated that globally, large proportion of urban population is suffering from variety of problems including mental ill-health, obesity, social isolation, health inequalities, stresses and strains besides environmental degradation. Report calls upon nations /communities to find appropriate /equitable solutions to address health and environment related problems on priority . Green spaces play key role in addressing issues related to human health and environment, reduce illness, obesity and stress with positive outcomes, ensuring health, social and environmental benefits on sustained basis. Accordingly, providing adequate, quantitative and qualitative, open spaces; preserving, enhancing and promoting existing green spaces; making green spaces and parks integral part of planning and development process’, involving communities and users in the siting, planning and designing of green spaces; fostering multidisciplinary approach, based on collaboration with all the stakeholders, adopting a bottom-up approach for siting the open/ green spaces based on equity and in close proximity to the community, with priority going to neighborhoods/communities found deficient in green spaces, remains critical. For ensuring adequate provision of green spaces prevailing legal/developmental framework needs to be appropriately, reviewed, revised and redefined. Green Spaces need to be made integral part of the urban infrastructure and adequately reflected in the local infrastructure plans. Looking at the multiplicity of usages/purposes served and large number of benefits accruing, cities would need to be made more clean, green and eco-friendly by providing quality green spaces at prescribed norms, as part of urban infrastructure/ long term planning, development , management process. This can help and ensure making cities; more livable, sustainable, safe, inclusive, resilient, happy and healthy places to live in and work.
The document summarizes the Healthy Active by Design collaborative project in Western Australia. The project is led by the National Heart Foundation in collaboration with various government departments and organizations. It aims to address increasing inactivity, obesity, and chronic disease rates through encouraging built environments that support active living. The project developed an online guide with evidence, policies, case studies, and checklists on 9 design elements to create walkable and bikeable communities promoting public health.
This document provides an overview of open spaces and characteristics of great public spaces. It discusses the importance of public spaces in urban areas and how they should be accessible, encourage social activity and community involvement. The document then discusses a case study of renovations to Tel Aviv's central promenade that improved accessibility and added new recreational areas. It also analyzes the Marina Beach in Chennai, noting the various activities it supports but safety issues with swimming there. The goal is to analyze open spaces in Fort Kochi and provide guidelines to enhance experiences in those spaces.
Augmenting urban parks in bahrain for the improvement of citizens’ healtheSAT Journals
Abstract Research over the past three decades has provided strong evidence of the positive impact of nature on the health of human beings. Contact with nature, whether that be with plants, animals, aesthetically pleasing landscapes or with the wilderness at large in all its forms, offers a range of medical benefits. Carlson er, al. [1] those benefits may include: lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, enhanced survival after heart attacks, more rapid recovery from surgery, fewer minor medical complaints, and lower self-reported stress. Although the Kingdom of Bahrain is a very small country, there are quite a few public parks in it: for example, Al Fateh Corniche , Arad Bay/Dohat Arad, Andalus Park, etc. In addition, strewn around residential areas, one finds many small neighborhood parks. This research suggests that the benefits of urban parks can be tapped into if the following criteria are fulfilled: First, policy makers and planners create the necessary awareness among citizens and residents of the positive impact on human health of contact with nature; second, recreational and cultural activities are conducted within those parks and green spaces; this will increase the interest of the population in frequenting them. Last but not least, parks in Bahrain need to be augmented to fit the needs of the specific country climatically as well as socially and culturally. Direct benefits can be reaped on the health of children and adults from walking and playing in parts, and indirect benefits can accrue on the health system from prevention of diseases through exercising, fresh air, and the sharing of recreational and cultural activities in those green spaces. Key Words: Urban parks; general health benefits; recreation; societal and cultural needs; diverse activities.
Subdivisional Planning of Shopnopuri Housing ProjectMohaimin Nuhel
The document provides an acknowledgement and abstract for a report on designing a neighborhood. It then discusses the background, objectives, methodology, and scope of the neighborhood design project. It defines key concepts for the neighborhood design, including conservation, topography, circulation patterns, and location aspects. It outlines policies on planning issues like land use and population control. It lists considerations for the neighborhood design regarding plots, roads, and community facilities. The overall document presents the framework and approach for a planned design of a new neighborhood.
This document discusses the hierarchy of urban green spaces in cities. It aims to study the relationship between urban greens and city structure, ecology, and character. The objectives are to define urban green, identify limitations to green space growth, discuss integration of greens at different scales (city, neighborhood, street, building), analyze case studies, and compare existing scenarios to standards. It then discusses types of urban green spaces like parks and greenways. The benefits of urban green spaces are also outlined, including environmental, social, and economic advantages. The document analyzes Chandigarh as a case study for its meticulously planned hierarchy of open spaces integrated throughout the city. It describes the city's green areas like the Leisure Valley and major parks
The document discusses the key elements and principles of landscape architecture and urban landscape design. It covers 5 units that introduce landscape architecture, elements of landscape design, the history of landscape architecture, urban landscape principles, and a landscape exercise. It also provides details on the benefits of urban landscapes, including environmental, social, health, and economic benefits. The document emphasizes creating sustainable, accessible, and equitable landscapes through community involvement.
This document discusses the concepts of resilience and social-ecological systems in the context of parks. It defines resilience as the ability of a system to experience shocks and stresses while retaining its basic functions, and defines social-ecological systems as integrated systems involving both human and natural elements. The document discusses how parks can increase community resilience by improving physical/green infrastructure and human health and well-being. Specific examples from New York City and Albuquerque are provided to illustrate resilience planning for parks.
This document discusses standards and guidelines for open spaces, parks, and playgrounds in Garden City, Zamboanga. It provides definitions and proposed dimensions for different types of open spaces, including neighborhood parks, special use parks, linear parks, and natural parks. Recreational facilities like basketball courts, volleyball courts, and badminton courts are proposed with specific dimensions. Guidelines are provided for allocating lots for parks and playgrounds, as well as parking lots. Considerations for accessibility, conservation, and the special needs of disabled and elderly visitors are also covered.
The document discusses the importance of parks and recreation facilities for a city. It notes that parks provide physical, mental and social benefits. It then describes different types of parks like community parks, neighborhood parks, mini parks, and view parks. It explains the purpose and features of each park type. The document emphasizes that parks play a vital role in a city's health and quality of life.
A study of recreational open spaces in Jalgaon cityHarsha Narkhede
The study focuses on the ten most significant recreational spaces in the city. The survey was conducted in 2016 and recommendations are based on the condition of sites recorded during the survey.
The document proposes creating a Certified Urban Park Manager program to address gaps in existing education for urban park management. It finds current degree programs offer limited urban-focused coursework. The unique needs of urban parks require managers to have skills in areas like landscape architecture, environmental science, event management, and security. The proposed Certified Urban Park Manager program would consist of three elements - human, urban, and biological - to give managers a comprehensive understanding applicable to daily practice and ensure long-term sustainability of urban parks.
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2. DEFINITION OF INTRODUCTION TO PLANNING ITP
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF URBAN PLANNING
a. ELOBRATIONS
4. TERMS USED IN PLANNING AND THEIR DEFINITION
5. RELATIONSHIP OF CRP WITH OTHER FIELDS
a. RELATIONSHIP WITH ARCHITECHTURE
b. RELATIONSHIP WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING
c. RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
d. RELATIONSHIP WITH SURVYING
e. RELATIONSHIP WITH LANDSCAPE ARCHITECHTURE
f. RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOLOGY
g. RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMICS
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7. FUNCTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL PLANNER
8. NEW TRENDS IN PLANNING
9. GEOGRPHICAL TOPOGRAPHICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO PLANNING
10. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING
11. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
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14. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF SIR EBNEZIR HOWARD
15. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LE COUBISER
16. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF FRANK LOYD WRIGHT
17. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF LEWIS MUMFORD
18. LAND USE PLANNING THEORY OF C.A DOXIADIS
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INDONESIA Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience 2050
Gem ppt-29-parks and open spaces
1. PPT-29
Green Earth Movement
An E-Newsletter for the cause of Environment, Peace, Harmony and Justice
Remember - “you and I can decide the future”
FOR A HEALTHY AND
HAPPY FUTURE
PRESERVE AND
PROTECT PARKS AND
OPEN SPACES !
2. EDITOR’S NOTE
“The BMC has planned to develop Aarey
Colony, one of the few green spaces
left in the city, as a new development
zone in its Development Plan (DP)
for the next 20 years (2014-34).
However, environmentalists have
condemned the move saying it will
only expose Aarey Colony to rampant
development, which will result in loss of green cover”.
(courtesy: Asian Age)
In this context, this PowerPoint Presentation may help the
readers to be enlightened on the need of open spaces.
Father Felix Rebello, Editor
3. DEFINITION
Parks and open space
refers to land that has
been reserved for the
purpose of formal and
informal sport and
recreation,
preservation of natural environments,
provision of green space
and/or urban storm water management.
4. Parks and open space vary in size, form
and the functions that they perform. A
strategic approach is needed in
assessing the needs of a community
and planning an open space network.
Public open space is usually
categorised into a hierarchy of
neighbourhood, district and regional
open space and can be used for either
passive or active recreation.
5. Neighbourhood parks provide for regular local use and may
include:
•small areas of open space that are accessible to local residents,
generally providing for recreation such as children’s play and
relaxation, which also can provide an identity and a sense of place
for a community especially where it incorporates an important
landscape feature or historic characteristic
•playing fields for organised
sport (from 1ha to 3ha in size)
which can also be used for
walking and informal activities,
and
•Linear parks linking areas of
open space. These often follow
drainage lines or environmental corridors and can incorporate off
road shared pedestrian and cyclist paths.
6. District and regional parks are
larger and cater to the needs of
a broader population. The
types of parks may include:
•district playing fields that provide
for a range of active, organised sport
and recreation such as
football/soccer fields, cricket pitches, tennis courts, baseball
fields and the like
•waterfront and other regional parks for social gatherings,
such as picnics, recreation and education, and
•areas reserved for cultural or environmental retention
(escarpments and areas of biodiversity value such as wetlands
and bushland) that may provide some limited recreation
opportunities, such as bird watching, picnicking and
bushwalking.
7. Open space often comes under pressure for development
in existing neighbourhoods or is at risk of being
undervalued and underprovided in the planning of new
subdivisions.
However, in some cases a
strategic assessment will
identify a need to reorientate
or rationalise existing open
space to overcome past
planning mistakes and to
address access and
maintenance issues.
8. An open space network should encourage more active
lifestyles by offering a variety of safe and attractive spaces
that are well distributed throughout a neighbourhood and are
accessible and cater to the sporting and recreational needs of
the community . Preferably public open space should attempt
to cater for multiple users. For example, through landscaping
and the addition of facilities, a sporting oval could be
designed to cater for sportspeople, walkers, and children .
9. There are numerous health benefits associated
with access to public open space and
parks. Access to vegetated areas such as parks,
open spaces, and playgrounds has been
associated with better perceived general health,
reduced stress levels , with reduced depression
and more walking. Moreover, there is a
substantial body of evidence demonstrating
that increased walking improves physical and
mental health. Physical inactivity is a major
public health risk. Worldwide, mental health is
a leading cause of burden of disease.
10. One study found that people who use public open
spaces are three times
more likely to achieve
recommended levels
of physical activity
than those who do
not use the spaces.
Users and potential
users prefer nearby,
attractive, and larger parks and open spaces. More
specifically, the benefits from participating in sport
and physical activity include:
11. 1] Improved physical health and wellbeing – with
reduced risk of lifestyle related diseases, higher
survival rate of other diseases, improved quality of life
and long term health, and, in young people and
children healthy growth and development.
12. 2] Improved mental health – builds
individual self-esteem and self-image,
reduces stress, improves concentration
and enhances memory and learning.
13. 3] Enhanced social outcomes – encourages
social interaction and development of
social skills,
improves social
networks and
social capital,
increases
community
cohesion and
pride, safer communities.
14. 4] Reduced healthcare
costs – improved physical
health and the building
of stronger families and
communities helps lower
health-care costs, reduces
the costs of social
intervention and plays a role in reducing crime and
social dysfunction.
Thus, improving access to public open space has the
potential to increase levels of physical activity, and to
have mental health benefits and reduce healthcare
and other costs.
15. 5] Public spaces also
enrich lives by providing
sites for festivals,
celebrations, expressions
of community identity,
or simply a space to
breath at leisure.
16. 6] Children become the next generation of adults, and
will ultimately reflect the conditions of life they
currently experience.
Open spaces liberate
the ‘wild thing within’
but all forms of play
help children develop
their abilities, teaching
them personal
responsibility, and to
thrive as a member of a team or community.
Playgrounds increase civic engagement and solidarity.
17. Encourage
Amenity
Design public open space so that it:
•protects and enhances the
environmental, cultural and heritage
values of an area.
•assists with place-making by building
on the special attributes of an area, eg. hill tops, ridges, rocky
outcrops, remnant vegetation, water features, views, vistas, and
incorporating community art projects/public art.
•is pleasant and welcoming, eg. through embellishments such as
landscaping, park furniture (seats, drinking fountains) and lighting.
•is well maintained and actively managed, and
•is safe and perceived to be safe such as by providing lighting and
areas that can be viewed by people.
18. Accessibility
Ensure accessibility with open space that is:
•distributed throughout an area providing equitable
access to all residents
•easily accessible via public transport where appropriate
•easily accessible via the walking and cycling network and
with adequate
bicycle parking facilities,
and
•connected where
practicable with a
Broader open space
Network throughout
the area.
19. Useability
Useability is ensured by open space that:
•is of a sufficient size and shape to cater for its intended
purpose, in most states minimum standards apply for
the provision of open space
•is adaptable, catering for multiple users and types of
activities
•for children, has access to facilities such as basketball
hoops and running tracks which are associated with
moderate to vigorous physical activity, and
•is shared by a number of user groups, for example,
school ovals could form part of the open space network
and be available out of school hours for community use.
20. Rule of thumb
Design the open space
network as an integral
part of the urban
structure and offer a
variety of safe and
attractive spaces that
are well distributed throughout a
neighbourhood and that are accessible,
connected and cater to the sporting and
recreation needs of the community.
21. Avoid
•Public open space not being integrated into a new
development area. Rather it should be considered with
potential users in mind in terms of the range of activities and
location, and attention should be given to its detailed design.
•Concentrating only on the quantity of open space provided.
It is equally important to consider the quality of public open
space and how it will be used, in order to maximise
community value and its contribution to creating green
spaces in the urban environment.
22. MUMBAI SITUATION
With a population
growing towards 14 million,
Mumbai’s citizens inhabit
a compressed urban
condition within a dense
landscape of harsh social
and economic divides.
As one of the most
densely populated cities in the world, the public
domain is further compromised by a lack of public
spaces.
23. A citizen of Mumbai gets 1.1 square metre of
open space against the international standard
of 11 square metre per person. Only 6 percent
of the total land in the city is made up of open
public spaces. Out of this, 45 percent is partially
or completely encroached upon.
24. The urban fabric of Mumbai is thus characterized
by two forms of ad-hoc growth. One fueled by
squatters who cannot afford formal housing and
are compelled to live in self-built organic
settlements that are densely packed and
infrastructurally under-served. The second, more
dominant growth pattern is driven by private
developers who are filling in the void left by the
lack of planning, with shopping malls, office plazas
and gated communities. While these are packaged
into well-designed modules, they plug-in to the
city in a similarly ad-hoc manner with little regard
for infrastructure or open spaces.
25. HOW TO PROTECT OPEN SPACES?
1] There are areas of the city that
can be considered as open space,
but are under constant threat of
development. Within the city's limits
are 37.3 sq. km of mangroves,
10.68 sq.km of salt pans, 13.35 sq. km of marshy areas
and 46.5 sq. km of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, for a
total of 107.83 sq.km. Currently No Development Zones
are allowed to be constructed on. These land should be
reserved strictly under non buildable open space
reservations. Once these lands are declared protected
from any future development, the amount of open space
per capita will be secured for our future.
26. 2] Our second recommendation
is to give custody/responsibility
of the open spaces to the
individual ward Office.
Currently, playgrounds,
recreation grounds and
gardens are the responsibility
of the Superintendent of Gardens,
a centralized office within the
BMC under the Department of
Gardens and Zoo.
27. 3] Lastly it is the opportune time for citizens
groups and individuals to adopt an open space
as purely non-buildable reservation. Once the
city's open spaces are secure and a minimal
level of physical intervention
is made (benches, trash bins,
lighting, fencing, etc.), they
are prime opportunities for
an ALM, housing society or
cooperative or school to
adopt these open spaces.
28. Increasing or even
maintaining the existing
amount of public open
space in Mumbai has
and will continue to be
a challenge in the city.
Political will, public
consciousness and
pressure on decision
makers and developers are the only tools available to
ensure that Mumbai does not lose its precious public
open spaces. This in turn will prevent several factors
that negatively affect residents' health and restore the
city's ecological balance.
29. This educational PowerPoint Presentation (editable) is
prepared by GEM Team (courtesy: internet).
For other similar GEM PowerPoint Presentations on
various environmental issues see next slide.
These PPTs may be downloaded from our website
www.infantjesusjogeshwari.in
The GEM PPTs can be creatively used for various
groups like school/college students, NGOs,
government officials, Church groups, SCC groups,
housing society members and so on.
30. 1. Twenty Simple Tips
2. Solar Energy
3. Junk Food
4. Plastic – a boon or bane?
5. Green Passion
6. Zero Garbage
7. Soft drink – A Health Hazard
8. Waste to energy
9. Rain Water Harvesting
10. Eco-friendly Religions
11. Happy Green Diwali
12. Climate Change
13. The future of Biodiversity
14. Genetically Modified Foods
15. Waste Water Treatment
16. Body, Organ, Tissue Donation
17. Organic Farming
18. Waste to cooking gas
19. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
20. Protect Mangroves
21. Say NO to Bottled water
22. Save Lakes and Ponds
23. Forests are green lungs
24. Coal Mining and Ecology
25. Sin of Food Waste
26. Climate change and Poverty
27. Stop Water Pollution
28. Carbon Footprints
29. Parks and Open Spaces
30. Rising Sea Levels
31. Laudato Si – Pope’s Encyclical
32. Air Pollution
33. Life Style Changes
34. Water Pollution
35. Sand Mining
36. Bees and Environment