GB Geotechnics USA Inc. provides non-destructive evaluation (NDE) services using various techniques. Alan White's presentation discusses NDE, highlighting five common tools: infrared thermography, ground penetrating radar, acoustics, magnetics, and laser scanning. The presentation emphasizes that thorough investigation, interpretation, and documentation are critical to understanding structures. It also provides examples of NDE applications through a case study of Hawthorne Elementary School, where documentation and NDE techniques like thermography were used to evaluate the building.
This document discusses various types and causes of cracks in buildings. It classifies cracks as either structural or non-structural and further categorizes them based on their width. Common causes of cracks include moisture movement, thermal variation, excessive loading, and foundation settlement. Plastic shrinkage, bleeding, delayed curing, and use of poor quality materials can lead to cracks in concrete before it hardens. Thermal expansion and contraction from temperature changes is another major cause of cracks. Various remedial measures are proposed to prevent or reduce cracking in structures.
The document discusses non-destructive testing methods for concrete structures. It describes various NDT techniques like ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, rebound hammer testing, and half-cell potential testing. Three case studies on different structures are presented where these tests were used to evaluate concrete quality and integrity. The case studies found the concrete quality to vary from good to excellent. Non-destructive testing can check concrete structures without damage and help assess strength, cracks, reinforcement condition, and more.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete structures, including rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing, and electromagnetic cover measurement. Rebound hammer testing evaluates surface hardness to estimate compressive strength, while UPV testing examines homogeneity and presence of flaws by measuring pulse transmission speed. Electromagnetic cover measurement detects rebar location and size beneath concrete surfaces. Factors affecting test results and interpretations are also discussed. The document aims to suggest NDT methodology and evaluate structures in a non-destructive manner.
The document provides guidelines for repair and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. It discusses causes of concrete deterioration like permeability, aggressive agents, and condition surveys. Non-destructive tests are recommended to evaluate concrete quality, cracking, and corrosion. The approach involves identifying deterioration causes, assessing damage extent, and selecting appropriate repair materials and methods to rehabilitate structures in a systematic and cost-effective manner.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) refers to techniques used to evaluate the properties of a material, component, or structure without damaging it. The document discusses several common NDT methods, including visual testing, dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing. It provides details on the basic principles, processes, advantages, and limitations of these important NDT techniques.
CASE STUDY ON CRACKS AND ITS REMEDIAL MEASURESPrabhu Saran
this project is about the buildings cracks and its repair techniques.
most common methods adopted in this project.
ppt created with office'13... make it useful for ur work.
NDT techniques can evaluate concrete structures in a non-destructive manner by assessing strength, quality, and durability without damaging the concrete. Some key NDT tests described in the document include rebound hammer testing to estimate concrete strength, UPV testing to evaluate homogeneity and detect cracks or voids, half-cell potential testing to assess corrosion risk, and cover meter testing to determine reinforcement location and concrete cover thickness. NDT allows for more extensive evaluation than destructive testing methods at a lower cost. Test results are influenced by factors like moisture, temperature, reinforcement properties, and concrete composition.
Nondestructive testing (NDT) allows inspection or measurement of materials without causing damage. Common NDT methods include visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. These methods are used to detect inherent, processing, and service defects in raw materials and components, as well as to inspect for in-service damage in applications like aircraft engines, rails, and bridges in order to ensure safety and prevent failures.
This document discusses various types and causes of cracks in buildings. It classifies cracks as either structural or non-structural and further categorizes them based on their width. Common causes of cracks include moisture movement, thermal variation, excessive loading, and foundation settlement. Plastic shrinkage, bleeding, delayed curing, and use of poor quality materials can lead to cracks in concrete before it hardens. Thermal expansion and contraction from temperature changes is another major cause of cracks. Various remedial measures are proposed to prevent or reduce cracking in structures.
The document discusses non-destructive testing methods for concrete structures. It describes various NDT techniques like ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, rebound hammer testing, and half-cell potential testing. Three case studies on different structures are presented where these tests were used to evaluate concrete quality and integrity. The case studies found the concrete quality to vary from good to excellent. Non-destructive testing can check concrete structures without damage and help assess strength, cracks, reinforcement condition, and more.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete structures, including rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing, and electromagnetic cover measurement. Rebound hammer testing evaluates surface hardness to estimate compressive strength, while UPV testing examines homogeneity and presence of flaws by measuring pulse transmission speed. Electromagnetic cover measurement detects rebar location and size beneath concrete surfaces. Factors affecting test results and interpretations are also discussed. The document aims to suggest NDT methodology and evaluate structures in a non-destructive manner.
The document provides guidelines for repair and rehabilitation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. It discusses causes of concrete deterioration like permeability, aggressive agents, and condition surveys. Non-destructive tests are recommended to evaluate concrete quality, cracking, and corrosion. The approach involves identifying deterioration causes, assessing damage extent, and selecting appropriate repair materials and methods to rehabilitate structures in a systematic and cost-effective manner.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) refers to techniques used to evaluate the properties of a material, component, or structure without damaging it. The document discusses several common NDT methods, including visual testing, dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing. It provides details on the basic principles, processes, advantages, and limitations of these important NDT techniques.
CASE STUDY ON CRACKS AND ITS REMEDIAL MEASURESPrabhu Saran
this project is about the buildings cracks and its repair techniques.
most common methods adopted in this project.
ppt created with office'13... make it useful for ur work.
NDT techniques can evaluate concrete structures in a non-destructive manner by assessing strength, quality, and durability without damaging the concrete. Some key NDT tests described in the document include rebound hammer testing to estimate concrete strength, UPV testing to evaluate homogeneity and detect cracks or voids, half-cell potential testing to assess corrosion risk, and cover meter testing to determine reinforcement location and concrete cover thickness. NDT allows for more extensive evaluation than destructive testing methods at a lower cost. Test results are influenced by factors like moisture, temperature, reinforcement properties, and concrete composition.
Nondestructive testing (NDT) allows inspection or measurement of materials without causing damage. Common NDT methods include visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. These methods are used to detect inherent, processing, and service defects in raw materials and components, as well as to inspect for in-service damage in applications like aircraft engines, rails, and bridges in order to ensure safety and prevent failures.
Seminar report on Non Destructive TestingSakshyam Rai
This document provides a summary of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It discusses various NDT techniques such as visual inspection, dye penetration testing, magnetic particle inspection, and ultrasonic testing. For each method, it explains the basic principles, testing procedures, advantages, and limitations. The document is a report submitted by a student to their professor on the topic of NDT, as indicated by the title and introduction. It aims to inform the reader about common NDT approaches through detailed descriptions of select techniques.
A Review on Detection of Cracks Present in Composite Cantilever Beam by using...ijtsrd
The aim of this paper is to discuss various techniques used by various researchers for vibration based crack detection in cracked composite structures. In aeronautical, mechanical and civil engineering fields various structural systems are likely to damage and deterioration during their working period. So it is very important to find damage and deterioration in structural member by an effective and reliable methodology. Interest in various damage detection methods has considerably increased in last few decades. A local flexibility is introduced in structural member due to the presence of crack that would affect the vibration response of structure. Due to the presence of crack there is reduction in stiffness of structure and increase in damping of the structure. Since there are changes in physical properties there are reductions in natural frequencies and deviation in mode shapes. Therefore by measuring the vibration parameters it is possible to predict crack depth and crack location in structural member. In this paper effect of various parameters like crack depth, crack location on natural frequency of beam is studied.Presence of crack in a beam decreases the natural frequency which is more pronounced when the crack is near the fixed support and the crack depth is more. Mr. Kadam Satish P | Dr. Kachare P.S."A Review on Detection of Cracks Present in Composite Cantilever Beam by using Vibration Analysis Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4617.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/4617/a-review-on-detection-of-cracks-present-in-composite-cantilever-beam-by-using-vibration-analysis-technique/mr-kadam-satish-p
Evaluation of Porosity in Fusion Welded AA2014 Plates using X Ray Radiographyijtsrd
NDT has evolved as an essential demand in much modern engineering design in aircraft applications. The performance levels and reliability of the NDE is more important to the end use of the object being inspected. Failure is the primary threat to the integrity, safety and performance of aircraft structure. The aero grade material AA 2014 was taken for this project in the form of plate and welded by Tungsten Inert Gas welding TIG . The following NDT methods was done on this material Penetrant testing for to reveal surface defects, Ultrasonic testing to detect the subsurface and internal defects, X Ray Radiography for internal defects. Apart from conventional methods, remote crack inspection was carried using the Ultrasonic phased array. The results from methods were analysed. The acoustic emission test was conducted for the calibration of equipment for testing of AA 2014 material. Surface defects were detected by penetrant testing and internal defects like inclusions, blow holes, porosity and lack of penetration were detected by both Radiography testing and Ultrasonic tests. Very fine porosity was detected by ultrasonic phased array method, which could not be detected by Radiography testing and Ultrasonic testing. Mr. N. Nagendra Kumar | R. Akshay | P. Durga Kishore | V. Sai Kiran ""Evaluation of Porosity in Fusion Welded AA2014 Plates using X-Ray Radiography"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23186.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23186/evaluation-of-porosity-in-fusion-welded-aa2014-plates-using-x-ray-radiography/mr-n-nagendra-kumar
Magnetic particle inspection is an inspection method used to identify defects on the surface of ferromagnetic materials by running a magnetic current through it. It can also be used to detect defects just beneath the surface of materials.
Inspection and Testing Methods in Casting.IRJET Journal
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) of aluminum alloy castings produced using stir casting. Specifically, it examines using radiography NDT techniques to identify internal defects in aluminum alloy specimens that were heat treated at 450°C and 600°C and compressed using hydraulic pressing before inspection. After NDT inspection, most defects were identified. Scanning electron microscope photos were also taken of the compressed casting specimens to examine structural changes and increased hardness and bond strength from the hot forming process. The NDT inspected values were then compared to the SEM microstructure analysis results.
LANGKAH-LANGKAH INTERPRETASI DAN EVALUASI FILM RADIOGRAFI
A. MENGACU PADA ASME SECTION V DAN SECTION VIII DIV. 1, 2023 EDITION MEMAKAI WIRE IQI
1. Siapkan viewer yang bisa diatur tingkat intensitas cahayanya (T-234).
Viewer harus memiliki “spot viewing window”, yaitu daerah kecil untuk tempat melakukan pengukuran densitas film radiografi.
Viewer harus satu set dengan step wedge calibration film dan densitometer.
2. Interpretasi dan evaluasi film RT dilakukan di dalam ruangan yang cahayanya remang-remang (T-234).
3. Nyalakan viewer, nyalakan densitometer, dan lakukan verifikasi terhadap densitometer. Verifikasi densitometer dilakukan dengan menempelkan apperture densitometer pada step-step di step wedge calibration film yang densitasnya mendekati 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 di dalam area spot viewing window. Toleransi antara pembacaan hasil pengukuran dan harga densitas yang disyaratkan tidak boleh melebihi ± 0.05 density unit.
4. Ambil film yang akan dievaluasi.
5. Amati ada tidaknya artifact pada kedua permukaan film dengan memakai teknik pantulan cahaya. Amati ada tidaknya artifact pada daerah interest dengan meletakkan film di atas viewer.
6. Jika ada artifact yang terletak di daerah interest dan tidak menutupi diskontinuitas atau tidak membingungkan interpretasi diskontinuitas, maka tidak apa-apa, sebaliknya jika ada artifact yang terletak di daerah interest dan menutupi diskontinuitas dan membuat bingung proses interpretasi diskontinuitas, maka film di-reshoot (T-281).
7. Catat ketebalan material dari informasi yang terdapat dalam film radiografi (T-224).
8. Tentukan tinggi reinforcement las pada kedua sisi sambungan las dengan melihat tabel pada par. UW-35, Section VIII Div. 1. Cari ketebalan base metal yang dilas pada baris-baris dalam tabel, lalu sesuaikan dengan joint category-nya. Data joint category diperoleh dari bagian engineering. Setelah diperoleh tinggi reinforcement maksimum, kalikan tinggi reinforcement ini dengan dua, lalu tambahkan dengan tebal base metal dan akan diperoleh besarnya tweld.
Misalnya, tebal base metal = 20 mm, maka tinggi reinforcement maksimum untuk kedua sisi las-lasan dengan joint category C adalah 10 mm (2 x 5 mm), sehingga tweld = 20 mm + 10 mm = 30 mm.
9. Selanjutnya lihat Tabel T-276 untuk menentukan essential wire (wire ID#) yang harus muncul di dalam film RT. Ukuran wire ID# yang harus muncul pada film RT ini tergantung pada lokasi penempatan IQI, apakah source side atau film side.
IQI dipasang pada film side apabila penempatan IQI pada source side dengan tangan kita tidak mungkin dilakukan (T-277.1 (b))
Dari data tweld di atas (langkah no. 8) dicari lokasinya pada baris-baris dalam tabel T-276 dan selanjutnya dapat ditentukan wire ID# yang harus muncul pada film.
Misalnya, tweld = 30 mm, pemasangan IQI source side, maka wire ID# yang harus muncul pada film RT adalah wire ID# 10.
10. Untuk menentukan set dan diameter dari wire ID# 10, maka lihat Tabel T-233.2.
Wire ID# 10 memiliki diameter
0.64 mm dan
L1 ndt versus mechanical testing &; overview of liquid penetrant testkarthi keyan
The document discusses non-destructive testing and evaluation methods for materials, focusing on an overview of liquid penetrant testing which involves cleaning a material's surface, applying a penetrant that seeps into surface flaws, removing excess penetrant, applying a developer to draw the penetrant out of flaws making them visible, and inspecting for indications of cracks or defects without damaging the material. It also provides comparisons of destructive and non-destructive testing methods and their advantages and limitations.
Quality control involves measuring quality characteristics of products and comparing them to standards to identify any deviations. Quality assurance provides confidence that quality achieved meets standards. Key quality documents include the quality assurance plan (QAP), welding procedure specification (WPS), and erection welding schedule (EWS). The QAP outlines inspection stages while the WPS defines welding parameters and the EWS details welding and non-destructive testing requirements. Non-destructive testing methods like radiography, ultrasonic testing, liquid penetrant testing, and magnetic particle inspection are used to identify flaws without damaging materials. Proper preheating, post heating, and post weld heat treatment are important to reduce welding defects and residual stresses.
This document provides an introduction to non-destructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to inspect materials and components without damaging them. The document outlines six common NDT methods - visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. It provides details on the basic principles, equipment, and applications of each method. The document also discusses the advantages of NDT, its various applications across industries like aviation, oil and gas, and construction, and important terminology used in NDT.
Ground Penetrating Radar Scanning An Introduction to the Technology and its A...Tec
Ground Penetrating Radar Scanning (GPR) is a non-destructive testing method that uses electromagnetic waves to produce images of subsurface structures. It works by emitting signals into the ground and measuring the reflected signals to create images showing buried objects, layers, and materials. GPR has a wide range of applications including archaeology, geology, engineering, and construction. It offers benefits like being non-destructive, fast, efficient, and safe while providing high resolution images, though it also has limitations such as limited depth penetration and reduced accuracy and resolution at greater depths.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on non-destructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. The objectives of NDT are outlined, including avoiding failures and accidents. Common NDT methods are described at a high level, such as liquid penetrant testing, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and eddy current testing. Specific NDT techniques are then summarized, including advantages and limitations. The document emphasizes that NDT can save costs by detecting flaws without damaging components. Proper training is needed to effectively apply these techniques.
This document provides an introduction to nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. It defines NDE as testing without destroying an object to detect flaws, measure properties, or determine structure/composition. The main NDE methods discussed are radiography, magnetic particle, ultrasonics, liquid penetrant, eddy current, and visual testing. It notes that NDE is widely used across many industries and that certification of NDE personnel is important for safety and qualifications.
The discovery of X-rays and the phenomenon of radioactivity and their application to the examination of objects provided the starting point for the advancement of industrial radiography. This technique is one of the most widely used for the detection of internal defects such as voids and porosity. Planar defects can also be detected by radiography with some proper orientation. Radiography is also suitable for detecting changes in material composition, thickness measurements and locating unwanted or defective components hidden from view in an assembled part.
Introduction to the non destructive testing explains the methods for evaluating and verifying many types of Materials as plastics, structures, metals, chemicals, leakage, physical properties. It's very used in the concrete engineering world and in the scientific world.
NDT is a group of analysis techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems without damaging them. Some common NDT methods include dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing. NDT is useful for detecting internal and surface flaws in materials and components, evaluating assemblies and systems, validating integrity and reliability, and maintaining safety. It allows for inspection and evaluation to take place without destroying the sample being analyzed.
Destructive & Non Destructive Testing Of MaterialsShrinivas Kale
Destructive and non-destructive testing are two types of material testing. Destructive testing involves testing specimens until failure to understand material performance under loads, while non-destructive testing evaluates material properties without damage using techniques like ultrasound, dye penetrant, and eddy current. Common destructive tests include tensile testing and impact testing, while common non-destructive tests include ultrasound, dye penetrant, eddy current, and visual inspection. Destructive testing yields more information but is more costly, while non-destructive testing allows evaluation without compromising the sample.
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It begins by defining NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. It then lists common NDT types like visual inspection, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. For each type, it provides a brief overview of the principles and applications. The document focuses on liquid penetrant testing, describing the procedure and noting it is useful for inspecting parts like aircraft wheels and automotive pistons. It also discusses advantages of NDT like avoiding failures and ensuring safety. In conclusion, it states that NDT can save costs for facilities that implement its methods properly.
Seminar report on Non Destructive TestingSakshyam Rai
This document provides a summary of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It discusses various NDT techniques such as visual inspection, dye penetration testing, magnetic particle inspection, and ultrasonic testing. For each method, it explains the basic principles, testing procedures, advantages, and limitations. The document is a report submitted by a student to their professor on the topic of NDT, as indicated by the title and introduction. It aims to inform the reader about common NDT approaches through detailed descriptions of select techniques.
A Review on Detection of Cracks Present in Composite Cantilever Beam by using...ijtsrd
The aim of this paper is to discuss various techniques used by various researchers for vibration based crack detection in cracked composite structures. In aeronautical, mechanical and civil engineering fields various structural systems are likely to damage and deterioration during their working period. So it is very important to find damage and deterioration in structural member by an effective and reliable methodology. Interest in various damage detection methods has considerably increased in last few decades. A local flexibility is introduced in structural member due to the presence of crack that would affect the vibration response of structure. Due to the presence of crack there is reduction in stiffness of structure and increase in damping of the structure. Since there are changes in physical properties there are reductions in natural frequencies and deviation in mode shapes. Therefore by measuring the vibration parameters it is possible to predict crack depth and crack location in structural member. In this paper effect of various parameters like crack depth, crack location on natural frequency of beam is studied.Presence of crack in a beam decreases the natural frequency which is more pronounced when the crack is near the fixed support and the crack depth is more. Mr. Kadam Satish P | Dr. Kachare P.S."A Review on Detection of Cracks Present in Composite Cantilever Beam by using Vibration Analysis Technique" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd4617.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/4617/a-review-on-detection-of-cracks-present-in-composite-cantilever-beam-by-using-vibration-analysis-technique/mr-kadam-satish-p
Evaluation of Porosity in Fusion Welded AA2014 Plates using X Ray Radiographyijtsrd
NDT has evolved as an essential demand in much modern engineering design in aircraft applications. The performance levels and reliability of the NDE is more important to the end use of the object being inspected. Failure is the primary threat to the integrity, safety and performance of aircraft structure. The aero grade material AA 2014 was taken for this project in the form of plate and welded by Tungsten Inert Gas welding TIG . The following NDT methods was done on this material Penetrant testing for to reveal surface defects, Ultrasonic testing to detect the subsurface and internal defects, X Ray Radiography for internal defects. Apart from conventional methods, remote crack inspection was carried using the Ultrasonic phased array. The results from methods were analysed. The acoustic emission test was conducted for the calibration of equipment for testing of AA 2014 material. Surface defects were detected by penetrant testing and internal defects like inclusions, blow holes, porosity and lack of penetration were detected by both Radiography testing and Ultrasonic tests. Very fine porosity was detected by ultrasonic phased array method, which could not be detected by Radiography testing and Ultrasonic testing. Mr. N. Nagendra Kumar | R. Akshay | P. Durga Kishore | V. Sai Kiran ""Evaluation of Porosity in Fusion Welded AA2014 Plates using X-Ray Radiography"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23186.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23186/evaluation-of-porosity-in-fusion-welded-aa2014-plates-using-x-ray-radiography/mr-n-nagendra-kumar
Magnetic particle inspection is an inspection method used to identify defects on the surface of ferromagnetic materials by running a magnetic current through it. It can also be used to detect defects just beneath the surface of materials.
Inspection and Testing Methods in Casting.IRJET Journal
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) of aluminum alloy castings produced using stir casting. Specifically, it examines using radiography NDT techniques to identify internal defects in aluminum alloy specimens that were heat treated at 450°C and 600°C and compressed using hydraulic pressing before inspection. After NDT inspection, most defects were identified. Scanning electron microscope photos were also taken of the compressed casting specimens to examine structural changes and increased hardness and bond strength from the hot forming process. The NDT inspected values were then compared to the SEM microstructure analysis results.
LANGKAH-LANGKAH INTERPRETASI DAN EVALUASI FILM RADIOGRAFI
A. MENGACU PADA ASME SECTION V DAN SECTION VIII DIV. 1, 2023 EDITION MEMAKAI WIRE IQI
1. Siapkan viewer yang bisa diatur tingkat intensitas cahayanya (T-234).
Viewer harus memiliki “spot viewing window”, yaitu daerah kecil untuk tempat melakukan pengukuran densitas film radiografi.
Viewer harus satu set dengan step wedge calibration film dan densitometer.
2. Interpretasi dan evaluasi film RT dilakukan di dalam ruangan yang cahayanya remang-remang (T-234).
3. Nyalakan viewer, nyalakan densitometer, dan lakukan verifikasi terhadap densitometer. Verifikasi densitometer dilakukan dengan menempelkan apperture densitometer pada step-step di step wedge calibration film yang densitasnya mendekati 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 di dalam area spot viewing window. Toleransi antara pembacaan hasil pengukuran dan harga densitas yang disyaratkan tidak boleh melebihi ± 0.05 density unit.
4. Ambil film yang akan dievaluasi.
5. Amati ada tidaknya artifact pada kedua permukaan film dengan memakai teknik pantulan cahaya. Amati ada tidaknya artifact pada daerah interest dengan meletakkan film di atas viewer.
6. Jika ada artifact yang terletak di daerah interest dan tidak menutupi diskontinuitas atau tidak membingungkan interpretasi diskontinuitas, maka tidak apa-apa, sebaliknya jika ada artifact yang terletak di daerah interest dan menutupi diskontinuitas dan membuat bingung proses interpretasi diskontinuitas, maka film di-reshoot (T-281).
7. Catat ketebalan material dari informasi yang terdapat dalam film radiografi (T-224).
8. Tentukan tinggi reinforcement las pada kedua sisi sambungan las dengan melihat tabel pada par. UW-35, Section VIII Div. 1. Cari ketebalan base metal yang dilas pada baris-baris dalam tabel, lalu sesuaikan dengan joint category-nya. Data joint category diperoleh dari bagian engineering. Setelah diperoleh tinggi reinforcement maksimum, kalikan tinggi reinforcement ini dengan dua, lalu tambahkan dengan tebal base metal dan akan diperoleh besarnya tweld.
Misalnya, tebal base metal = 20 mm, maka tinggi reinforcement maksimum untuk kedua sisi las-lasan dengan joint category C adalah 10 mm (2 x 5 mm), sehingga tweld = 20 mm + 10 mm = 30 mm.
9. Selanjutnya lihat Tabel T-276 untuk menentukan essential wire (wire ID#) yang harus muncul di dalam film RT. Ukuran wire ID# yang harus muncul pada film RT ini tergantung pada lokasi penempatan IQI, apakah source side atau film side.
IQI dipasang pada film side apabila penempatan IQI pada source side dengan tangan kita tidak mungkin dilakukan (T-277.1 (b))
Dari data tweld di atas (langkah no. 8) dicari lokasinya pada baris-baris dalam tabel T-276 dan selanjutnya dapat ditentukan wire ID# yang harus muncul pada film.
Misalnya, tweld = 30 mm, pemasangan IQI source side, maka wire ID# yang harus muncul pada film RT adalah wire ID# 10.
10. Untuk menentukan set dan diameter dari wire ID# 10, maka lihat Tabel T-233.2.
Wire ID# 10 memiliki diameter
0.64 mm dan
L1 ndt versus mechanical testing &; overview of liquid penetrant testkarthi keyan
The document discusses non-destructive testing and evaluation methods for materials, focusing on an overview of liquid penetrant testing which involves cleaning a material's surface, applying a penetrant that seeps into surface flaws, removing excess penetrant, applying a developer to draw the penetrant out of flaws making them visible, and inspecting for indications of cracks or defects without damaging the material. It also provides comparisons of destructive and non-destructive testing methods and their advantages and limitations.
Quality control involves measuring quality characteristics of products and comparing them to standards to identify any deviations. Quality assurance provides confidence that quality achieved meets standards. Key quality documents include the quality assurance plan (QAP), welding procedure specification (WPS), and erection welding schedule (EWS). The QAP outlines inspection stages while the WPS defines welding parameters and the EWS details welding and non-destructive testing requirements. Non-destructive testing methods like radiography, ultrasonic testing, liquid penetrant testing, and magnetic particle inspection are used to identify flaws without damaging materials. Proper preheating, post heating, and post weld heat treatment are important to reduce welding defects and residual stresses.
This document provides an introduction to non-destructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to inspect materials and components without damaging them. The document outlines six common NDT methods - visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. It provides details on the basic principles, equipment, and applications of each method. The document also discusses the advantages of NDT, its various applications across industries like aviation, oil and gas, and construction, and important terminology used in NDT.
Ground Penetrating Radar Scanning An Introduction to the Technology and its A...Tec
Ground Penetrating Radar Scanning (GPR) is a non-destructive testing method that uses electromagnetic waves to produce images of subsurface structures. It works by emitting signals into the ground and measuring the reflected signals to create images showing buried objects, layers, and materials. GPR has a wide range of applications including archaeology, geology, engineering, and construction. It offers benefits like being non-destructive, fast, efficient, and safe while providing high resolution images, though it also has limitations such as limited depth penetration and reduced accuracy and resolution at greater depths.
This document summarizes a technical seminar on non-destructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. The objectives of NDT are outlined, including avoiding failures and accidents. Common NDT methods are described at a high level, such as liquid penetrant testing, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and eddy current testing. Specific NDT techniques are then summarized, including advantages and limitations. The document emphasizes that NDT can save costs by detecting flaws without damaging components. Proper training is needed to effectively apply these techniques.
This document provides an introduction to nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. It defines NDE as testing without destroying an object to detect flaws, measure properties, or determine structure/composition. The main NDE methods discussed are radiography, magnetic particle, ultrasonics, liquid penetrant, eddy current, and visual testing. It notes that NDE is widely used across many industries and that certification of NDE personnel is important for safety and qualifications.
The discovery of X-rays and the phenomenon of radioactivity and their application to the examination of objects provided the starting point for the advancement of industrial radiography. This technique is one of the most widely used for the detection of internal defects such as voids and porosity. Planar defects can also be detected by radiography with some proper orientation. Radiography is also suitable for detecting changes in material composition, thickness measurements and locating unwanted or defective components hidden from view in an assembled part.
Introduction to the non destructive testing explains the methods for evaluating and verifying many types of Materials as plastics, structures, metals, chemicals, leakage, physical properties. It's very used in the concrete engineering world and in the scientific world.
NDT is a group of analysis techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems without damaging them. Some common NDT methods include dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing. NDT is useful for detecting internal and surface flaws in materials and components, evaluating assemblies and systems, validating integrity and reliability, and maintaining safety. It allows for inspection and evaluation to take place without destroying the sample being analyzed.
Destructive & Non Destructive Testing Of MaterialsShrinivas Kale
Destructive and non-destructive testing are two types of material testing. Destructive testing involves testing specimens until failure to understand material performance under loads, while non-destructive testing evaluates material properties without damage using techniques like ultrasound, dye penetrant, and eddy current. Common destructive tests include tensile testing and impact testing, while common non-destructive tests include ultrasound, dye penetrant, eddy current, and visual inspection. Destructive testing yields more information but is more costly, while non-destructive testing allows evaluation without compromising the sample.
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It begins by defining NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. It then lists common NDT types like visual inspection, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. For each type, it provides a brief overview of the principles and applications. The document focuses on liquid penetrant testing, describing the procedure and noting it is useful for inspecting parts like aircraft wheels and automotive pistons. It also discusses advantages of NDT like avoiding failures and ensuring safety. In conclusion, it states that NDT can save costs for facilities that implement its methods properly.
1. GB GEOTECHNICS USA INC. IS INCORPORATED IN NY STATE. MEMBER OF THE GBG GROUP OF COMPANIES.
NEW YORK LOS ANGELES CAMBRIDGE LONDON SYDNEY PERTH
www.gbg-us.com awhite@gbg-us.com
Non-Destructive
Evaluation:
A Considered Approach to Assessment
and Documentation.
ALAN WHITE - GB GEOTECHNICS USA INC
4. PRESENTATION SUMMARY
OBJECTIVES
1. WHAT IS NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION?
2. WHY IS INVESTIGATION, INTERPRETATION &
DOCUMENTATION CRITICAL TO A PROJECT?
3. WHAT DOES IT ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE?
CASE STUDY.
5. OBJECTIVE 1:
THE SCIENCE OF NDE
1. WHAT IS NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION?
2. WHY IS INVESTIGATION, INTERPRETATION &
DOCUMENTATION CRITICAL TO A PROJECT?
3. WHAT DOES IT ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE?
CASE STUDY.
44. 1. INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
2. GROUND PENETRATING RADAR [GPR]
3. ACOUSTICS
4. MAGNETIC METHODS [METAL
DETECTORS]
5. HDS LASER SCANNING
NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION [NDE]
THE FIVE MOST COMMONLY USED TOOLS
45. ACOUSTICAL TESTING IS THE PROCESS
OF UNDERSTANDING THE
CONSTRUCTION AND CONDITION OF
A STRUCTURE BY ANALYZING THE
BEHAVIOR OF SOUND WAVES.
ACOUSTICS
OVERVIEW
92. OBJECTIVE 2:
THE IMPORTANCE OF NDE
1. WHAT IS NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION?
2. WHY IS INVESTIGATION, INTERPRETATION &
DOCUMENTATION CRITICAL TO A PROJECT?
3. WHAT DOES IT ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE?
CASE STUDY.
93. NO DRAWINGS
NO DETAIL
NO STARTING POINT
HOW OFTEN DO YOU START A PROJECT WITH
ESTABLISHING A BASELINE
94. WHY TEST AND MEASURE?
ESTABLISHING A BASELINE
DRAWINGS ARE LOST
DRAWINGS ARE UNRELIABLE
DESIGNS FAIL
MATERIALS ARE FLAWED
95. HOW GOOD IS VISUAL INSPECTION?
ESTABLISHING A BASELINE
WHAT IS HAPPENING BELOW THE SURFACE
WHAT IS REALLY CAUSING THAT DAMAGE
HOW DEEP SHOULD THE REPAIR GO
HOW EXTENSIVE IS THE DAMAGE
96. WHAT’S WRONG WITH PROBING?
ESTABLISHING A BASELINE
BAD CONSERVATION PRACTICE
IS THERE ACM PRESENT
CAN THE BUILDING REMAIN ACTIVE
WHAT IS BELOW THE SURFACE
97. A COUPLE OF PROBES CAN’T HURT
ESTABLISHING A BASELINE
HOW MUCH DOES A PROBE COST
WHERE ARE YOU GOING TO PUT IT
IS THE RESULT REPRESENTATIVE
98. OBJECTIVE 3:
THE LOOK OF NDE
1. WHAT IS NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION?
2. WHY IS INVESTIGATION, INTERPRETATION &
DOCUMENTATION CRITICAL TO A PROJECT?
3. WHAT DOES IT ACTUALLY LOOK LIKE?
CASE STUDY.