Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that there are eight distinct types of intelligence rather than a single general intelligence. The theory was first introduced in Gardner's 1983 book Frames of Mind. Gardner defines intelligence as the ability to solve problems and create products that are valued within a culture. The eight intelligences are visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, linguistic, logical-mathematical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. Gardner argues that individuals possess each intelligence to varying degrees and that schools typically focus on linguistic and logical abilities at the expense of other intelligences.

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Psychology
TOPIC
Gardner’s Multiple theory of Intelligence
(Visual-Spatial, Bodily-Kinethetics, Intrapersonal and
Interpersonal
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PPT BY M.SHAKEEL

2. Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
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The theory of multiple intelligences was first
proposed by Howard Gardner in his 1983 book
“Frames of Mind”, where he broadens the
definition of intelligence and outlines several
distinct types of intellectual competencies.
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He writes that we may all have these
intelligences, but our profile of these
intelligence may differ individually based
on genetics or experience.
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Gardner developed a series of eight
inclusion criteria while evaluating each
"candidate” intelligence that was based on
a variety of scientific disciplines.
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Gardner defines intelligence as a
“biopsychological potential to process
information that can be activated in a
cultural setting to solve problems or create
products that are of value in a culture”
(Gardner, 2000, p.28).
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3. Visual Spatial
The ability to comprehend and conceptualize visual representations and spatial relationships
in learning and in the performance of tasks such as reading maps, navigating mazes,
conceptualizing objects in space from different perspectives, and executing various geometric
operations.
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4. Features
Spatial intelligence features the potential to recognize and manipulate the patterns of wide
space (those used, for instance, by navigators and pilots) as well as the patterns of more
confined areas, such as those of importance to sculptors, surgeons, chess players, graphic
artists, or architects.
People with spatial intelligence, such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Amelia Earhart, have an
ability to recognize and manipulate large-scale and fine-grained spatial images.
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5. Potential Career Choices
Careers you could dominate with your spatial
intelligence:
● Pilot
● Surgeon
● Interior Decoder
● Architect
● Graphic Artist
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6. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Bodily kinesthetic intelligence is the potential of using one’s
whole body or parts of the body (like the hand or the
mouth) to solve problems or to fashion products.
People with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, such as Michael
Jordan and Simone Biles, have an ability to use one’s own body
to create products, perform skills, or solve problems through
mind–body union.
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7. Example
." The "evolution" of body movements is an obvious advantage in the human species, suggested Gardner.
This evolution follows a clear developmental schedule in children, is universal across cultures and thus
satisfies the requirements of being considered an intelligence, he says.
Dancers, gymnasts, and athletes are among those that Gardner sees as having high kinesthetic intelligence.
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8. Teaching for Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence:
➢ Use body sculpture.
➢ Use of role playing, miming, or charade games.
➢ Allow for physical exercise, dance, or martial arts.
➢ Create opportunities for dramatic arts such as skits.
➢ Use human graphs.
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9. Educational Applications
Gardner and many educators and proponents of his theories say
there are ways to foster the growth of kinesthetic intelligence in
students by offering the following in the classroom:
● Including Role play activities
● Creating learning Centres
● Using manipulatives
● Acting out literature
All of these things require movement, rather than sitting at a desk
and writing notes or taking paper-and-pencil tests.
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10. Intrapersonal
Intrapersonal intelligence is the capacity to understand oneself, to have an
effective working model of oneself-including own’s desires, fears, and
capacities—and to use such information effectively in regulating one’s own
life.
People with intrapersonal intelligence, such as Aristotle and Maya
Angelou, have an ability to recognize and understand his or her own
moods, desires, motivations, and intentions.
This type of intelligence can help a person to understand which life goals
are important and how to achieve them.
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11. Potential Career Choices
● Clergy
● Entrepreneur
● Counselor
● Psychologist
● Therapist
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12. Who has intrapersonal intelligence?
Individuals who excel in this intelligence typically are introspective and can use this knowledge to solve
personal problems.
➢ Psychologists
➢ Writers
➢ Philosophers,
➢ Poets
➢ Are among those that Gardner views as having high intrapersonal intelligence
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13. Famous people and Intra personal
● Sigmund Freud
● Swami Vivekananda
● Mother Tharesa
● Anna Frank
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14. Interpersonal
What is Interpersonal Intelligence?
Interpersonal intelligence refers to the ability of a person to relate well with people and manage
relationships. It enables people to understand the needs and motivations of those around them,
which helps strengthen their overall influence. People with interpersonal intelligence seem to
stand out in a crowd as people with lots of friends and can easily adapt to social situations. They
communicate effectively and enjoy participating in discussions and debates. Individuals with
interpersonal intelligence are characterized by their sensitivity to other people’s moods,
temperaments, motivations, and feelings
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15. Gardner’s Example of Interpersonal Intelligence
In his 2006 book entitled “Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons in Theory and Practice,” Gardener used the
example of Anne Sullivan, a teacher who taught Helen Keller. Although Sullivan was nearly blind and
possessed little formal training in teaching children with special needs, she took the task of teaching Keller, a
blind and deaf seven-year-old. Sullivan exhibited high interpersonal intelligence when dealing with Keller and
she effectively understood her special needs, moods, temperament, and motivations. Through her
interpersonal intelligence, Sullivan helped Keller become one of the leading authors and lecturers of the 20th
century.
According to Gardner, people with interpersonal intelligence easily empathize with others and are gifted in
dealing with other people. He said that people with such skill are naturally inclined to become politicians,
teachers, therapists, diplomats, salespeople, and negotiators. These occupations require people who can look
at situations differently and take an adaptive approach.
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16. Famous People of Interpersonal Intelligence
Several famous individuals are noted for their interpersonal intelligence when dealing with other people.
They include:
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was a lawyer and activist who led the Indian independence movement against the
British colonial rule. He helped his country achieve independence by employing non-violent civil
disobedience at a time when other countries were using violence against the colonialists. Despite being
imprisoned on many occasions, Gandhi inspired his community to demand self-rule. Through this
interpersonal intelligence, he inspired civil rights and freedom movements across the world.
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17. How Teachers Can Enhance Interpersonal
Intelligence in Classroom
How well you’re able to interact with someone and listen to them reflects your interpersonal
intelligence. Your social skills are a result of this type of intelligence. Having the emotional
depth to gauge someone’s reaction and read between the lines creates powerful and
successful leaders. Managers benefit from this intelligence as they have to lead their teams to
success.
Here are some characteristics of interpersonal intelligence based on how it shapes
someone’s social skills:
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18. Characteristics
1-Understanding Others
The ability to identify with others and imagining yourself in their shoes come from emotional intelligence. It’s an
important trait if you’re in a leadership position, as it helps you understand your team members and work with
them. It also allows you to assess unique strengths and weaknesses. If you’re working in a group, understanding
others will go a long way in building interpersonal relationships.
2-Stand Out In A Crowd
There aren’t many people who can understand what others are going through. Being able to think about others is
rare—especially in our fast-paced world where competition drives us to achieve our goals. Interpersonal
intelligence draws people in because they find comfort in your company.
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19. 3-Listen Empathetically
If you’re in touch with others’ feelings and emotions, you’re more likely to listen empathetically. This means that you can
feel what they’re feeling and you can even anticipate what they’re going to say. Making room for others when they’re
speaking puts you in a compassionate light. Your coworkers will find it easier to connect with you and as a result work
collaboratively without conflict.
4-Excellent Social Skills
Social skills can be equated with interpersonal intelligence. Tact, respect and cooperation make you a reliable and
trustworthy team player. You can communicate with ease and others will find it easy to approach you. In the workplace,
especially, social skills are key for team-building and teamwork. If you have to depend on others to complete your work,
someone who you get along with, is bound to help you achieve your goals efficiently.
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20. Some basic Examples of Interpersonal
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21. Critical Evaluation
Some responses to this criticism include that the Multiple Intelligences theory doesn’t dispute the
existence of the “g” factor; it proposes that it is equal along with the other intelligences. Many critics
overlook the inclusion criteria set forth by Gardner.
These criteria are strongly supported by empirical evidence in psychology, biology, neuroscience,
among others. Gardner admits that traditional psychologists were valid is criticizing the lack of
operational definitions for the intelligences, that is, to figure out how to measure and test the various
competencies
Most of the criticism has come from those removed from the classroom, such as journalists and
academics. Educators are not typically tied to the same standard of evidence and are less concerned
with abstract inconsistencies, which has given them the freedom to apply it with their students and
let the results speak for itself (Armstrong, 2019).
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22. Thank you.
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