Gang and delinquency
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•198 views
This document discusses gangs and delinquency based on several experts' theories and research findings. It describes gang characteristics such as their ethnicity, gender, and duration of membership. Gangs are involved in general delinquency, violence, drug use, and drug trafficking. Factors contributing to gang involvement include community, family, schools, deviant peer relationships, and prior deviance. Motivations for joining gangs include family/friends being members and seeking protection, fun, or action. Gang membership can lead to poor school performance, early dating, criminal beliefs, and issues later in life like teen pregnancy and unstable employment. Approaches to addressing gangs involve prevention, reform, and suppression.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Soc. 101 rw ch. 7
This document provides an outline of key topics related to deviance, including definitions of deviance, theories of deviance, stigma and deviant identity, crime and demographics, and approaches to deterrence and punishment. It discusses how deviance is a social construct that varies across cultures and over time. Several theories of deviance are outlined, including functionalism, conflict theory, and strain theory. Labeling theory and how deviant labels can shape identity and behavior are also summarized. Crime, crime rates, and how they vary by factors like class, gender, race, and age are briefly covered. Finally, common approaches to deterring crime like deterrence, retribution, incapacitation, and rehabilitation are defined.
Social and spatial segregation
This document discusses social and spatial segregation. It defines geographical segregation as when population proportions are not evenly distributed throughout a space. Segregation can occur along dimensions like gender, religion, ethnicity, etc. Social segregation is often measured using indices to quantify differences in exposure between groups. Segregation can be caused by both direct government policies as well as indirect social and economic factors that create segregated neighborhoods over time. The analysis of segregation looks at how differentiated populations are distributed across social locations and the processes that create and maintain this distribution.
Exam2 review
This document provides an overview of key topics covered in an exam 2 review for a sociology course, including:
1) Collective behavior such as gatherings, demonstrations, and riots and the behaviors within them.
2) The four requirements for social movements to form: a preexisting communications network, a crisis, and an organizing effort.
3) Key aspects of culture like material and non-material culture, as well as symbols, values, and socialization.
4) Concepts of social structure, including status, roles, and primary and secondary social groups.
5) Agency of socialization and how society maintains institutions to meet needs.
6) Theories of deviance and social control, as
Ethocentrism and Cultural Relativism -A course of Sociology in Nepals B.Sc.Fo...
Nepal B.sc Forestry syllabus-Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism.This slides describes about the difference of Ethnocentrism and Cultural relativism also.
Sociology Cape 2011 u2 m2
Labelling theory argues that deviance is not defined by the act itself, but by the audience's reaction to it. When someone is publicly labelled as deviant, such as a "junkie" or "queer", they may internalize that label and engage in more deviant acts, seeking community with other labelled individuals. Critics argue that labelling theory underestimates personal choice and agency in deviant acts, as well as overlooking structural factors like inequality that influence crime rates.
Punished: Policing The Lives of Black and Latino Boys
This document outlines the chapters and conclusions of the book "Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys" by Victor M. Rios. The book is based on ethnographic research with 40 Black and Latino boys in Oakland who had been arrested or were on probation. It examines how over-policing and harsh punishment shapes the lives of these youth. The chapters discuss the patterns of punishment in Oakland, how the youth are labeled and come of age in an era of mass incarceration, and how masculinity is used as a rehabilitative tool. The conclusion reflects on how students most affected by scrutiny possess unperceived riches.
Political Inequality and the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
This document defines political inequality and power inequality, and discusses their relevance to the 2008 U.S. presidential election. It outlines two approaches to defining power inequality and describes political inequality as differences between groups in influencing decision-making bodies. The APSA Task Force on Inequality identified three forms of political inequality: differences in citizen voice, government responsiveness, and patterns of public policymaking.
Individualism vs Collectivism, Deviance, Groupthink
This document discusses individualism vs collectivism, deviance, and groupthink. It provides examples of individualistic and collectivistic cultures, defines deviance as disagreeing with the group, and outlines several theories of deviance. Groupthink is defined as a highly cohesive group's impaired decision making due to pressure for conformity. Conditions that can lead to groupthink include insulation, lack of impartial leadership, and stress. Symptoms include overconfidence and pressure for uniformity in decisions. Prevention includes allowing discussion time and probing each member's ideas.
Recommended
Soc. 101 rw ch. 7
This document provides an outline of key topics related to deviance, including definitions of deviance, theories of deviance, stigma and deviant identity, crime and demographics, and approaches to deterrence and punishment. It discusses how deviance is a social construct that varies across cultures and over time. Several theories of deviance are outlined, including functionalism, conflict theory, and strain theory. Labeling theory and how deviant labels can shape identity and behavior are also summarized. Crime, crime rates, and how they vary by factors like class, gender, race, and age are briefly covered. Finally, common approaches to deterring crime like deterrence, retribution, incapacitation, and rehabilitation are defined.
Social and spatial segregation
This document discusses social and spatial segregation. It defines geographical segregation as when population proportions are not evenly distributed throughout a space. Segregation can occur along dimensions like gender, religion, ethnicity, etc. Social segregation is often measured using indices to quantify differences in exposure between groups. Segregation can be caused by both direct government policies as well as indirect social and economic factors that create segregated neighborhoods over time. The analysis of segregation looks at how differentiated populations are distributed across social locations and the processes that create and maintain this distribution.
Exam2 review
This document provides an overview of key topics covered in an exam 2 review for a sociology course, including:
1) Collective behavior such as gatherings, demonstrations, and riots and the behaviors within them.
2) The four requirements for social movements to form: a preexisting communications network, a crisis, and an organizing effort.
3) Key aspects of culture like material and non-material culture, as well as symbols, values, and socialization.
4) Concepts of social structure, including status, roles, and primary and secondary social groups.
5) Agency of socialization and how society maintains institutions to meet needs.
6) Theories of deviance and social control, as
Ethocentrism and Cultural Relativism -A course of Sociology in Nepals B.Sc.Fo...
Nepal B.sc Forestry syllabus-Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism.This slides describes about the difference of Ethnocentrism and Cultural relativism also.
Sociology Cape 2011 u2 m2
Labelling theory argues that deviance is not defined by the act itself, but by the audience's reaction to it. When someone is publicly labelled as deviant, such as a "junkie" or "queer", they may internalize that label and engage in more deviant acts, seeking community with other labelled individuals. Critics argue that labelling theory underestimates personal choice and agency in deviant acts, as well as overlooking structural factors like inequality that influence crime rates.
Punished: Policing The Lives of Black and Latino Boys
This document outlines the chapters and conclusions of the book "Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys" by Victor M. Rios. The book is based on ethnographic research with 40 Black and Latino boys in Oakland who had been arrested or were on probation. It examines how over-policing and harsh punishment shapes the lives of these youth. The chapters discuss the patterns of punishment in Oakland, how the youth are labeled and come of age in an era of mass incarceration, and how masculinity is used as a rehabilitative tool. The conclusion reflects on how students most affected by scrutiny possess unperceived riches.
Political Inequality and the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
This document defines political inequality and power inequality, and discusses their relevance to the 2008 U.S. presidential election. It outlines two approaches to defining power inequality and describes political inequality as differences between groups in influencing decision-making bodies. The APSA Task Force on Inequality identified three forms of political inequality: differences in citizen voice, government responsiveness, and patterns of public policymaking.
Individualism vs Collectivism, Deviance, Groupthink
This document discusses individualism vs collectivism, deviance, and groupthink. It provides examples of individualistic and collectivistic cultures, defines deviance as disagreeing with the group, and outlines several theories of deviance. Groupthink is defined as a highly cohesive group's impaired decision making due to pressure for conformity. Conditions that can lead to groupthink include insulation, lack of impartial leadership, and stress. Symptoms include overconfidence and pressure for uniformity in decisions. Prevention includes allowing discussion time and probing each member's ideas.
CAPE SOCIOLOGY Socialordersocialcontrolanddeviance
This document provides an overview of social order, social control, and deviance for a sociology lesson. It defines key concepts like social order, social control, and deviance. It discusses how social order is maintained through both formal and informal social control. It examines institutions of social control like family, education, government, and religion. It also notes that deviance is defined by social norms and can be viewed differently depending on one's perspective. The objectives are to understand how social order is maintained, appreciate the roles of social control institutions, and be familiar with explanations of deviance.
Top 5 Facts: Individualism vs Collectivism
This document discusses individualism versus collectivism and how they impact communication styles. Individualism prioritizes individual needs and wants over group interests, leading to direct communication that focuses on personal wants and intentions. Collectivism prioritizes the group's interests over individuals, resulting in more indirect communication that does not emphasize personal wants or needs. The document provides examples of direct versus indirect language and notes that the United States culture emphasizes individualism.
Apl08 reducing prejudice
There are several strategies for counteracting prejudice discussed in the document. The contact hypothesis proposed by Allport argues that intergroup contact can reduce prejudice when there is equal status, cooperation, personal acquaintance, and support. Studies have found support for the contact hypothesis. Different models of contact include decategorization, recategorization, and mutual differentiation. Spotlighting value conflicts and cognitive strategies aim to reduce inconsistencies and recognize one's own prejudices. Establishing superordinate goals that require cooperation can also help reduce prejudice by bringing groups together around a common cause. Planned experiences of discrimination are meant to increase empathy by exposing majority group members to minority experiences.
Hate, Stereotyping, & Prejudice
The document discusses different forms of prejudice, stereotyping, hate, and racism. It defines prejudice as antipathy based on faulty generalizations towards a group or individual because of their group membership. It describes four theories of prejudice: exploitation theory, scapegoating theory, authoritarian personality theory, and structural theory. It also examines what psychological needs prejudice fulfills for people and the differences between prejudice and discrimination.
Deviance
This document discusses different sociological theories of deviance. It covers biological, psychological, structural-functional, labeling, strain, and social conflict perspectives on what causes deviance and how societies define and react to deviant behavior. Specifically, it examines Lombroso's early biological theory, containment theory, Durkheim's functional analysis of deviance, Lemert's concepts of primary and secondary deviance, Merton's strain theory, and conflict theorists' views that norms often protect the powerful. It also differentiates between formal and informal social control and categorizes different types of deviant behaviors.
Becoming a Member of Society
The document discusses key concepts for understanding culture, society, and politics. It defines socialization and enculturation as the process of acquiring identity and learning necessary social skills through social interaction. It also defines norms as informal rules governing social behavior, and values as criteria people use to assess their lives and maintain social order. Roles are characteristic ways of behaving according to one's status or position in society. If citizens oppose these societal elements, it can lead to deviance from social norms, pressure to conform, or challenges to human dignity, rights, and the common good. Overall, the document outlines important theoretical foundations for analyzing how society is organized and maintained.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses the concept of subcultures and how they may relate to crime and deviance among teenagers. It defines a subculture as a group within society that shares common values and behaviors. Some key points made include that deviant subcultures may encourage crime through the importance of peers, conformity to the group, and deviant values. Sociologists debate the extent to which membership in deviant subcultures directly causes criminal behavior, as alternative theories emphasize factors like social class, labeling, and the influence of capitalist society. Overall, the document examines different sociological perspectives on the relationship between subcultures and teenage crime.
Cape sociology unit 2 crime and deviance
Social order relies on conformity to social norms and rules to guide behavior. Without at least some conformity, chaos would result. However, complete order is rare as all societies experience some level of conflict and criminal disorder. Social control aims to curb deviant behavior through formal laws and sanctions or informal social pressures. Deviance occurs when norms are broken, ranging from minor infractions to serious crimes, but some deviant acts like heroic acts may be seen as good. Overall, the text discusses the concepts of social order, social control, and deviance and their interconnected relationships in shaping society.
Chapter 10
This document discusses concepts related to race and ethnicity including:
1) Race has historically been defined along genetic, legal, and social lines, but the social definition is most important in interactions.
2) Terms like multiracial, interracial, and ethnic groups are defined.
3) Minorities are groups singled out for unequal treatment, and prejudice involves negative attitudes while discrimination involves unequal actions.
4) Racial and ethnic relations can involve assimilation, pluralism, subjugation, segregation, expulsion, or annihilation of groups.
Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 7-deviance, crime, and social control
Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 7-deviance, crime, and social controlProf. Dr. Halit Hami Öz
KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ/KAFKAS UNIVERSITY
SOCIOLOGY
Course
LECTURE NOTES AND POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS
Prof.Dr. Halit Hami ÖZ
Kars, TURKEY
hamioz@yahoo.com
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivismWilderness Adventure Camp at Pulau Tuba, Langkawi by Halim Mazmin
culture are important in producing advertising; individualism and collectivism are part of the culture dimension.Rogers m smith
The document critiques previous analyses that viewed American political culture as purely embodying liberal democratic values, arguing instead that inegalitarian traditions shaped the culture as much as liberal ones and that these analysts ignored issues of race, ethnicity, and gender. It presents the "multiple traditions" thesis that America incorporated both liberal and illiberal traditions from its origins, with illiberal traditions like those defending racial hierarchy deeply influencing political culture, and questions the presumption that liberalism alone supported or opposed racism, nativism, and patriarchy in America's history.
Deviant behavior
Deviant behavior is any behavior that violates social norms. There are several sociological explanations for deviant behavior. Structural strain theory proposes that deviance results from an imbalance between cultural goals and the means to achieve them. Labeling theory argues that deviance is a social process defined by those in power, rather than inherent to individuals. Social control theory suggests deviance occurs when social bonds and conformity are weakened. Differential association theory views deviance as learned through interactions where criminal attitudes are learned.
Types of Deviance
1. Merton described 5 types of deviance: innovation, conformity, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Innovation involves accepting societal goals like wealth but rejecting legitimate means, using crime instead. Ritualism rejects goals and overly adheres to means. Retreatism rejects both.
2. Crime is a form of deviance that violates legal norms. White-collar crimes are committed by high-status individuals through occupations. Victimless crimes only harm the individual. Corporate crimes are illegal actions by corporations.
3. Status crimes are illegal due to one's age, and civil disobedience breaks unjust laws to promote social change.
Deviance and crime social construction, labeling, power and function
This document discusses deviance and crime from a social constructionist perspective. It defines deviance as any action that violates widely accepted social norms and notes that what is considered deviant can vary between cultures, time periods, and social groups. Deviance is created through social definitions and labeling rather than inherent to behaviors themselves. Power dynamics influence which groups are more likely to label and define behaviors of other groups as deviant. Social control mechanisms aim to regulate behavior and enforce norms.
Differential Association Theory- Cunningham
Edwin Sutherland proposed differential association theory in 1947, which states that criminal behavior is learned through intimate personal groups and defines crime as a learning process that can affect anyone. The theory has several key principles: 1) criminal behavior is learned from interactions with others who encourage law-breaking, 2) this learning includes how to commit crimes and rationalize them, and 3) how individuals view legal codes is learned from others. Critics argue it does not fully explain why some from law-abiding families commit crimes or account for spontaneous deviant acts. While not complete, differential association emphasizes the importance of social influences on criminal behavior.
Concepts of conflict 14 april 2010...
The document discusses several key theories related to conflict, aggression, and violence. It begins by describing different levels of conflict from intra-personal to inter-group. It then covers theories of aggression including Freud's dual instinct theory, Lorenz's built-in instinct theory, and theories that aggression stems from frustration or aversive stimulation. Additional sections discuss aggression as a learned behavior, determinants of aggression, and theories explaining conflict such as human needs theory and identity theory. The document provides frameworks for analyzing the progression and escalation of conflict as well as strategies for conflict prevention, settlement, management, resolution, and transformation.
Cape 2011 u2 sociology
The document summarizes Howard Becker's labeling theory of deviance. It explains that 1) acts are defined as deviant by social audiences, not inherent qualities of the acts themselves, 2) people become labeled based on these definitions which can encourage further deviance, and 3) deviant subcultures can form that support and rationalize the deviant identities and behaviors. The labeling process and some criticisms of the theory are also outlined.
Social interaction and social processes.ppt(diones)
Social interaction involves the mutual awareness and response between two or more individuals through verbal and non-verbal communication. There are two main approaches to social interaction: symbolic interaction, which refers to communication through symbols to convey thoughts and feelings, and the functionalist view, which sees social interaction as people acting out predefined roles. Specific symbolic interaction perspectives examine how people define social situations and manage impressions. Social processes are recurrent patterns of interaction that have developed stability, including universal processes of cooperation, competition, and conflict, as well as derived processes like acculturation and differentiation. Processes can be classified based on their formation as basic or derived, and based on their effect as conjunctive, promoting unity, or disjunctive, promoting dis
Presentation1
America's political culture has traditionally been described as an archetypal liberal democracy, but this view overlooks other influential traditions. Multiple inegalitarian conditions, like slavery and racial discrimination, have shaped American culture just as profoundly as liberal democratic ideals. Analyzing America solely through the lens of liberal democracy presents an incomplete picture of its diverse political traditions.
Uas spp soal politik kriminal
Politik kriminal adalah keputusan pemerintah terkait kebijakan kriminal pada suatu masa. Kebijakan ini berubah seiring perkembangan zaman dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor internasional. Contohnya adalah perubahan sikap pemerintah terhadap komunis dan pencucian uang. Tujuan kebijakan kriminal adalah mencegah kejahatan, menyelesaikan kasus, mencegah residivisme, dan memenuhi rasa kead
Determinasi ekonomi
pembahasan singkat mengenai determinasi ekonomi sebagai salah satu penyebab terjadinya tindak kriminal. determinasi ekonomi, salah satunya digagas karl max
More Related Content
What's hot
CAPE SOCIOLOGY Socialordersocialcontrolanddeviance
This document provides an overview of social order, social control, and deviance for a sociology lesson. It defines key concepts like social order, social control, and deviance. It discusses how social order is maintained through both formal and informal social control. It examines institutions of social control like family, education, government, and religion. It also notes that deviance is defined by social norms and can be viewed differently depending on one's perspective. The objectives are to understand how social order is maintained, appreciate the roles of social control institutions, and be familiar with explanations of deviance.
Top 5 Facts: Individualism vs Collectivism
This document discusses individualism versus collectivism and how they impact communication styles. Individualism prioritizes individual needs and wants over group interests, leading to direct communication that focuses on personal wants and intentions. Collectivism prioritizes the group's interests over individuals, resulting in more indirect communication that does not emphasize personal wants or needs. The document provides examples of direct versus indirect language and notes that the United States culture emphasizes individualism.
Apl08 reducing prejudice
There are several strategies for counteracting prejudice discussed in the document. The contact hypothesis proposed by Allport argues that intergroup contact can reduce prejudice when there is equal status, cooperation, personal acquaintance, and support. Studies have found support for the contact hypothesis. Different models of contact include decategorization, recategorization, and mutual differentiation. Spotlighting value conflicts and cognitive strategies aim to reduce inconsistencies and recognize one's own prejudices. Establishing superordinate goals that require cooperation can also help reduce prejudice by bringing groups together around a common cause. Planned experiences of discrimination are meant to increase empathy by exposing majority group members to minority experiences.
Hate, Stereotyping, & Prejudice
The document discusses different forms of prejudice, stereotyping, hate, and racism. It defines prejudice as antipathy based on faulty generalizations towards a group or individual because of their group membership. It describes four theories of prejudice: exploitation theory, scapegoating theory, authoritarian personality theory, and structural theory. It also examines what psychological needs prejudice fulfills for people and the differences between prejudice and discrimination.
Deviance
This document discusses different sociological theories of deviance. It covers biological, psychological, structural-functional, labeling, strain, and social conflict perspectives on what causes deviance and how societies define and react to deviant behavior. Specifically, it examines Lombroso's early biological theory, containment theory, Durkheim's functional analysis of deviance, Lemert's concepts of primary and secondary deviance, Merton's strain theory, and conflict theorists' views that norms often protect the powerful. It also differentiates between formal and informal social control and categorizes different types of deviant behaviors.
Becoming a Member of Society
The document discusses key concepts for understanding culture, society, and politics. It defines socialization and enculturation as the process of acquiring identity and learning necessary social skills through social interaction. It also defines norms as informal rules governing social behavior, and values as criteria people use to assess their lives and maintain social order. Roles are characteristic ways of behaving according to one's status or position in society. If citizens oppose these societal elements, it can lead to deviance from social norms, pressure to conform, or challenges to human dignity, rights, and the common good. Overall, the document outlines important theoretical foundations for analyzing how society is organized and maintained.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses the concept of subcultures and how they may relate to crime and deviance among teenagers. It defines a subculture as a group within society that shares common values and behaviors. Some key points made include that deviant subcultures may encourage crime through the importance of peers, conformity to the group, and deviant values. Sociologists debate the extent to which membership in deviant subcultures directly causes criminal behavior, as alternative theories emphasize factors like social class, labeling, and the influence of capitalist society. Overall, the document examines different sociological perspectives on the relationship between subcultures and teenage crime.
Cape sociology unit 2 crime and deviance
Social order relies on conformity to social norms and rules to guide behavior. Without at least some conformity, chaos would result. However, complete order is rare as all societies experience some level of conflict and criminal disorder. Social control aims to curb deviant behavior through formal laws and sanctions or informal social pressures. Deviance occurs when norms are broken, ranging from minor infractions to serious crimes, but some deviant acts like heroic acts may be seen as good. Overall, the text discusses the concepts of social order, social control, and deviance and their interconnected relationships in shaping society.
Chapter 10
This document discusses concepts related to race and ethnicity including:
1) Race has historically been defined along genetic, legal, and social lines, but the social definition is most important in interactions.
2) Terms like multiracial, interracial, and ethnic groups are defined.
3) Minorities are groups singled out for unequal treatment, and prejudice involves negative attitudes while discrimination involves unequal actions.
4) Racial and ethnic relations can involve assimilation, pluralism, subjugation, segregation, expulsion, or annihilation of groups.
Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 7-deviance, crime, and social control
Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 7-deviance, crime, and social controlProf. Dr. Halit Hami Öz
KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ/KAFKAS UNIVERSITY
SOCIOLOGY
Course
LECTURE NOTES AND POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS
Prof.Dr. Halit Hami ÖZ
Kars, TURKEY
hamioz@yahoo.com
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivismWilderness Adventure Camp at Pulau Tuba, Langkawi by Halim Mazmin
culture are important in producing advertising; individualism and collectivism are part of the culture dimension.Rogers m smith
The document critiques previous analyses that viewed American political culture as purely embodying liberal democratic values, arguing instead that inegalitarian traditions shaped the culture as much as liberal ones and that these analysts ignored issues of race, ethnicity, and gender. It presents the "multiple traditions" thesis that America incorporated both liberal and illiberal traditions from its origins, with illiberal traditions like those defending racial hierarchy deeply influencing political culture, and questions the presumption that liberalism alone supported or opposed racism, nativism, and patriarchy in America's history.
Deviant behavior
Deviant behavior is any behavior that violates social norms. There are several sociological explanations for deviant behavior. Structural strain theory proposes that deviance results from an imbalance between cultural goals and the means to achieve them. Labeling theory argues that deviance is a social process defined by those in power, rather than inherent to individuals. Social control theory suggests deviance occurs when social bonds and conformity are weakened. Differential association theory views deviance as learned through interactions where criminal attitudes are learned.
Types of Deviance
1. Merton described 5 types of deviance: innovation, conformity, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion. Innovation involves accepting societal goals like wealth but rejecting legitimate means, using crime instead. Ritualism rejects goals and overly adheres to means. Retreatism rejects both.
2. Crime is a form of deviance that violates legal norms. White-collar crimes are committed by high-status individuals through occupations. Victimless crimes only harm the individual. Corporate crimes are illegal actions by corporations.
3. Status crimes are illegal due to one's age, and civil disobedience breaks unjust laws to promote social change.
Deviance and crime social construction, labeling, power and function
This document discusses deviance and crime from a social constructionist perspective. It defines deviance as any action that violates widely accepted social norms and notes that what is considered deviant can vary between cultures, time periods, and social groups. Deviance is created through social definitions and labeling rather than inherent to behaviors themselves. Power dynamics influence which groups are more likely to label and define behaviors of other groups as deviant. Social control mechanisms aim to regulate behavior and enforce norms.
Differential Association Theory- Cunningham
Edwin Sutherland proposed differential association theory in 1947, which states that criminal behavior is learned through intimate personal groups and defines crime as a learning process that can affect anyone. The theory has several key principles: 1) criminal behavior is learned from interactions with others who encourage law-breaking, 2) this learning includes how to commit crimes and rationalize them, and 3) how individuals view legal codes is learned from others. Critics argue it does not fully explain why some from law-abiding families commit crimes or account for spontaneous deviant acts. While not complete, differential association emphasizes the importance of social influences on criminal behavior.
Concepts of conflict 14 april 2010...
The document discusses several key theories related to conflict, aggression, and violence. It begins by describing different levels of conflict from intra-personal to inter-group. It then covers theories of aggression including Freud's dual instinct theory, Lorenz's built-in instinct theory, and theories that aggression stems from frustration or aversive stimulation. Additional sections discuss aggression as a learned behavior, determinants of aggression, and theories explaining conflict such as human needs theory and identity theory. The document provides frameworks for analyzing the progression and escalation of conflict as well as strategies for conflict prevention, settlement, management, resolution, and transformation.
Cape 2011 u2 sociology
The document summarizes Howard Becker's labeling theory of deviance. It explains that 1) acts are defined as deviant by social audiences, not inherent qualities of the acts themselves, 2) people become labeled based on these definitions which can encourage further deviance, and 3) deviant subcultures can form that support and rationalize the deviant identities and behaviors. The labeling process and some criticisms of the theory are also outlined.
Social interaction and social processes.ppt(diones)
Social interaction involves the mutual awareness and response between two or more individuals through verbal and non-verbal communication. There are two main approaches to social interaction: symbolic interaction, which refers to communication through symbols to convey thoughts and feelings, and the functionalist view, which sees social interaction as people acting out predefined roles. Specific symbolic interaction perspectives examine how people define social situations and manage impressions. Social processes are recurrent patterns of interaction that have developed stability, including universal processes of cooperation, competition, and conflict, as well as derived processes like acculturation and differentiation. Processes can be classified based on their formation as basic or derived, and based on their effect as conjunctive, promoting unity, or disjunctive, promoting dis
Presentation1
America's political culture has traditionally been described as an archetypal liberal democracy, but this view overlooks other influential traditions. Multiple inegalitarian conditions, like slavery and racial discrimination, have shaped American culture just as profoundly as liberal democratic ideals. Analyzing America solely through the lens of liberal democracy presents an incomplete picture of its diverse political traditions.
What's hot (20)
CAPE SOCIOLOGY Socialordersocialcontrolanddeviance
CAPE SOCIOLOGY Socialordersocialcontrolanddeviance
Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 7-deviance, crime, and social control
Prof.dr. halit hami öz sociology-chapter 7-deviance, crime, and social control
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism
Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism
Deviance and crime social construction, labeling, power and function
Deviance and crime social construction, labeling, power and function
Social interaction and social processes.ppt(diones)
Social interaction and social processes.ppt(diones)
Viewers also liked
Uas spp soal politik kriminal
Politik kriminal adalah keputusan pemerintah terkait kebijakan kriminal pada suatu masa. Kebijakan ini berubah seiring perkembangan zaman dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor internasional. Contohnya adalah perubahan sikap pemerintah terhadap komunis dan pencucian uang. Tujuan kebijakan kriminal adalah mencegah kejahatan, menyelesaikan kasus, mencegah residivisme, dan memenuhi rasa kead
Determinasi ekonomi
pembahasan singkat mengenai determinasi ekonomi sebagai salah satu penyebab terjadinya tindak kriminal. determinasi ekonomi, salah satunya digagas karl max
Uas, artikel soal perek
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perbedaan antara gratifikasi dan hadiah serta aturan yang berlaku mengenai pemberian gratifikasi khususnya kepada pegawai pemerintah. Budaya memberi hadiah masih kuat di Indonesia namun perlu dipilah mana yang bisa dikategorikan sebagai gratifikasi yang dilarang oleh hukum. Penerima hadiah juga harus melaporkan jika nilai hadiah melebihi ambang batas yang ditentukan untuk menghindari dugaan suap.
Gang and delinquency
ini merupakan paparan singkat mengenai kenakalan remaja dan kehadiran geng di masyarakat. paparan yang dibuat merupakan hasil rangkuman dari buku dengan judul yang sama yang diberikan oleh pengajar mata kuliah kriminologi
Tindak pidana (criminal conduct) baru
penjelasan mengenai tindak pidana dan perilaku yangdapat diterima atau pengecualian dari tindak pidana itu sendiri
Tugas keempat sekaligus uas
BAB I dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai terorisme. Secara ringkas, terorisme didefinisikan sebagai penggunaan kekerasan untuk menciptakan ketakutan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan politik, dengan target korban yang acak termasuk warga sipil. Terorisme politik bertujuan menimbulkan intimidasi untuk memaksa perubahan kebijakan pemerintah. Organisasi teroris bersifat tertutup dan elit dengan anggota yang fanatik.
Viewers also liked (6)
Similar to Gang and delinquency
Sy3 understanding power and control
This is a power-point full of class notes and additional research, combined for revision at the end of my A2 sociology course on crime.
Social Factors and Forces
To be able to facilitate understanding of the social contexts, factors and forces that create, sustain and promote gangs and gang membership.
Social Bond Paper Final Draft
The document discusses youth gang violence through the lens of Hirschi's social bond theory. It summarizes the theory's four elements - attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief - and how weak bonds in these areas can lead youths to join gangs. Risk factors for gang involvement include low academic achievement, low family attachment or single-parent homes, exposure to delinquent peers, and lack of involvement in conventional activities. To prevent gang violence, the conclusion argues communities should promote youth connection and commitment through extracurricular activities that provide status and belonging.
Crime new 2012
This document discusses several theories of crime and deviance:
1. Labelling theories propose that deviance is not inherent to an act or person, but is a consequence of others applying rules and sanctions to label someone as deviant. This labeling can lead to secondary deviance where the label becomes central to one's identity.
2. Subcultural theories argue that deviant behavior arises from collective groups rejecting mainstream values and norms when opportunities for success are limited. Gangs provide alternative values of aggression and toughness.
3. Strain theories like anomie and Merton's theory of deviant adaptations propose that a lack of clear norms or a strain between goals and means can lead to disorientation, anxiety,
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) New Right theorists draw on functionalist ideas to argue that weak social bonds and attachments increase criminality. Hirschi identified four bonds - attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief - that bind people to society and reduce crime.
2) Studies link families without strong parenting, single parents, and absent fathers to increased offending. Changes like rising cohabitation and women's roles are blamed for weakening moral socialization of children.
3) The underclass subculture is said to damage communities by driving out law-abiding citizens and reinforcing crime-promoting norms. Communities regaining direct social control over local offenders through zero tolerance is presented as a solution.
Supernaturalizing social life religion and the evolution of human cooperati...
Supernaturalizing social life religion and the evolution of human cooperati...SPK División Gráfica Digital de Surpack S.A.
This document examines how three ancient religious traits - ancestor worship, shamanism, and beliefs in natural and animal spirits - may have contributed to the evolution of human cooperation. These traits emerged during the Upper Paleolithic period, coinciding with evidence of dramatic increases in human social cooperation. The paper argues that these early religious traits represented a "supernaturalizing" of social life by extending social monitoring and norms into the spiritual world. Believing that spirits were always watching may have helped reduce selfishness within groups and reinforce behavioral cooperation, allowing unprecedented levels of human cooperation to evolve.Recentering Minoritized Voices: Social Media & Intersectional Sexual Violence...
Thank you for the summary. I appreciate you taking the time to synthesize the key ideas.
Understanding Hate Crimes And Recognizing Victims
Here are the key aspects of social constructionism as it relates to understanding terrorism:
- Social constructionism examines how humans jointly construct understandings of concepts and realities through social interactions and perceptions. There is no single objective reality.
- Definitions of terrorism are socially constructed - there is no universally agreed upon definition. What constitutes a terrorist act depends on social and political perspectives and contexts.
- Different societies, cultures, and political groups may construct the definition and understanding of terrorism in different and sometimes opposing ways based on their own perspectives and experiences.
- The social construction of terrorism influences politics, law, and conflict. How terrorism is defined and understood shapes counterterrorism policies and designations of terrorist groups. It influences the "
Internalized Racism and Academic Success: Understanding the Role of Cultural ...
Internalized Racism and Academic Success: Understanding the Role of Cultural ...National Partnership for Educational Access
The document discusses internalized racism and its implications for the development of young leaders of color. It summarizes a study on how black students and parents at predominantly white private schools experience subtle, cultural forms of racism. Internalized racism occurs when oppressed groups direct distress caused by racism towards themselves or their own community. The document recommends educating students on systemic racism and providing role models of color and white allies to help develop positive racial identities and mitigate internalized racism.SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1) Functionalists and Marxists have differing views on the role and purpose of socialization. Functionalists see it as promoting social harmony, while Marxists see it as a tool for the ruling class to exploit others.
2) Youth subcultures emerged in the post-war era as youth gained disposable income and rebelled against social norms through styles and music. Groups like Teddy Boys and Hippies developed distinct identities.
3) Studies by the CCCS found that class was a key factor in the formation and behaviors of spectacular youth subcultures in the 1950s-1970s.
Chapter 4Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege4-
Chapter: 4
Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege4-1Defining and Contextualizing Racism
4-1
Hoyt Jr. (2012) defines racism as “a particular form of prejudice defined by preconceived erroneous beliefs about race and members of racial groups.” It is supported simultaneously by individuals, the institutional practices of society, and dominant cultural values and norms. Racism is a universal phenomenon that exists across cultures and tends to emerge wherever ethnic diversity and perceived or real differences in group characteristics become part of a struggle for social power. In the case of the United States, African Americans, Latinos/as, Native Americans, and Asian Americans—groups that we have been referring to as people of color—have been systematically subordinated by the white majority.
There are four important points to be made initially about racism:
· Prejudice and racism are not the same thing. Prejudice is a negative, inaccurate, rigid, and unfair way of thinking about members of another group. All human beings hold prejudices. This is true for people of color, as well as for majority group members. But there is a crucial difference between the prejudices held by whites and those held by people of color. whites have more power to enact their prejudices and therefore negatively impact the lives of people of color than vice versa. The term racism is used in relation to the racial attitudes and behavior of majority group members. Similar attitudes and behaviors on the part of people of color are referred to as prejudice and discrimination (a term commonly used to mean actions taken on the basis of one’s prejudices). Another way of describing this relationship is that prejudice plus power equals racism.
· Racism is a broad and all-pervasive social phenomenon that is mutually reinforced at all levels of society.
· Institutional racism involves the manipulation of societal institutions to give preferences and advantages to whites and at the same time restrict the choices, rights, mobility, and access of people of color.
· Cultural racism is the belief that the cultural ways of one group are superior to those of another. Cultural racism can be found both in individuals and in institutions. In the former, it is often referred to as ethnocentrism. Jones (2000) mentioned that historical insults, societal norms, unearned privilege, and structural barriers are all aspects of institutional racism.
· People tend to deny, rationalize, and avoid discussing their feelings and beliefs about race and ethnicity. Often, these feelings remain unconscious and are brought to awareness only with great difficulty.
· When young children hear the stories of people of color, they tend to feel deeply and sincerely with the storyteller. “I’m really sorry that you had to go through that” is the most common reaction of a child. By the time one reaches adulthood, however, the empathy is often gone. Instead, reactions tend to involve minimizing, justifying ...
Learning about “Otherness” in the Era of Radicalization: Disrupting the dialo...
In the era of social media, alternative facts and fake news, host society youth are expected to welcome and include refugees despite the terror shared online and fueled by a continuously growing hate speech and fear of radicalization. Research on youth and on social media claims that youth are influenced by the plethora of messages shared online (Wohn, Ellison, Khan, Fewins-Bliss, & Gray, ,2013; Spears & Postmes, 2015). They are viewed as victims whose thoughts and behaviours are easily triggered and manipulated by exterior online forces. From a Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) perspective, online youth are viewed as knowing subjects, with experiences and construct systems that they use to construe the messages diffused online. In our presentation, we share how the interview protocol we designed based on Personal Construct Psychology principles to study how youth from host societies construe online comments about the Syrian refugee crisis became a powerful learning tool that allowed these youths to engage in critical thinking about media content and its influence on how they perceived the “the Other” and the world events involving this “Other”.
Sociological Theories of Crime
Sociological approaches suggest that crime is shaped by factors external to the individual: their experiences within the neighborhood, the peer group, and the family. are shaped by between people's everyday movements through space and time.
The theory assumes that people, at birth have neither a motivation to commit crime nor to conform.
Differential Association Theory- Takina Morris
Edwin Sutherland developed differential association theory, which states that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions and exposure to criminal and anti-criminal groups. The theory proposes that individuals learn techniques of crime and motives by associating with others who engage in or reject criminal behavior. Sutherland argued that the more one interacts with those who condone criminal acts, the more likely they are to engage in crime themselves. He supported this with a case study of a thief, showing crime is learned through social circles. Sutherland also applied this theory to white-collar crime among respected professionals.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
This document discusses various theories of crime and deviance. It covers functionalist, Marxist, feminist and postmodernist perspectives on the functions of crime and deviance. It also discusses official crime statistics, why individuals and groups commit crimes, the relationship between social class, region, ethnicity, gender and crime, the influence of the media, victimization studies, and whether social policy can reduce crime. The document provides an overview of many sociological perspectives and debates around the study of crime and deviance.
Neutralization Theory
Neutralization theory and differential association theory are criminological theories that attempt to explain gang homicides. Both theories focus on social and cultural influences in explaining why individuals engage in criminal acts like murder. Neutralization theory suggests that individuals learn techniques to justify or rationalize their criminal behavior from others through social interaction and influence. Differential association theory also emphasizes the importance of social learning from intimate relationships. Together, these theories provide explanations for why Joseph Ortiz, a gang member, committed murder and how criminal behaviors are learned through social and environmental factors.
DEINDIVIDUATION WHEN DO PEOPLE LOSE THEIR SENSE OF SELF IN GROUPS
DEINDIVIDUATION: WHEN DO PEOPLE LOSE THEIR SENSE OF SELF IN GROUPS?
Define “deindividuation” and identify circumstances that trigger it.
In April 2003, in the wake of American troops entering Iraq’s cities, looters—“liberated” from the scrutiny of police—ran rampant. Hospitals lost beds. The National Library lost tens of thousands of old manuscripts and lay in smoldering ruins. Universities lost computers, Page 212chairs, even lightbulbs. The National Museum in Baghdad lost 15,000 precious objects (Burns, 2003a, 2003b; Lawler, 2003c; Polk & Schuster, 2005). “Not since the Spanish conquistadors ravaged the Aztec and Inca cultures has so much been lost so quickly,” reported Science (Lawler, 2003a). “They came in mobs: A group of 50 would come, then would go, and another would come,” explained one university dean (Lawler, 2003b).
Such reports—and those of the 2011 arson and looting that occurred in London, the 2014 looting in Ferguson, Missouri, and the mob sexual assaults in Germany as 2016 dawned—had the rest of the world wondering: What happened to people’s sense of morality? Why did such behavior erupt? And why was it not anticipated?
Deindividuation: During England’s 2011 riots and looting, rioters were disinhibited by social arousal and by the anonymity provided by darkness and their hoods and masks. Later, some of those arrested expressed bewilderment over their own behavior.
©Lewis Whyld/AP Images
Their behavior even left many of the rioters later wondering what had possessed them. In court, some of the arrested London rioters seemed bewildered by their behavior (Smith, 2011). The mother of one of them, a recent university graduate, explained that her daughter had been sobbing in her bedroom since her arrest over a stolen television. “She doesn’t even know why she took it. She doesn’t need a telly.” An engineering student, arrested after looting a supermarket while he was walking home, was said by his lawyer to having “got caught up in the moment” and was now “incredibly ashamed” (Somaiya, 2011).
Doing Together What We Would Not Do Alone
Social facilitation experiments show that groups can arouse people, and social loafing experiments show that groups can diffuse responsibility. When arousal and diffused responsibility combine, and normal inhibitions diminish, the results may be startling. People may commit acts that range from a mild lessening of restraint (throwing food in the dining hall, snarling at a referee, screaming during a rock concert) to impulsive self-gratification (group vandalism, orgies, thefts) to destructive social explosions (police brutality, riots, lynchings).
These unrestrained behaviors have something in common: They are provoked by the power of being in a group. Groups can generate a sense of excitement, of being caught up in something bigger than one’s self. It is hard to imagine a single rock fan screaming deliriously at a private rock concert, or a single rioter setting a car on fire. It’s in group situat ...
Feminist theoretical perspectives_pasque_wimmer_rev
This document provides an introduction to feminist perspectives and concepts. It defines key terms like biological sex, gender identity, and gender roles. It also outlines the three waves of feminism that occurred from the 19th century to present day. Exercises are included to help participants explore their own understandings of sex and gender. Questions are posed to facilitate discussion around feminist controversies and how conceptualizations of feminism have evolved over time.
CRIM-102-MIDTERM.pptx
The document discusses several major sociological theories of crime causation, including:
1. Strain theory, which posits that people commit crimes to relieve strain or stress.
2. Social learning theory, which claims that criminal behavior is learned through association with others, especially peers.
3. Social control theory, which focuses on why people obey the law by emphasizing strong social bonds. Weakened bonds may lead to criminal acts.
4. Several other theories are also mentioned briefly, including subcultural, anomie, social disorganization, and differential association theories. The document provides overview explanations of the major concepts and theorists associated with these perspectives.
SociologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
1. Parker's study found that male adolescents known as "the Boys" in Liverpool gained status and importance from believing they came from one of the toughest areas in town. They would repeat comments made by boys from other areas to reinforce this image.
2. Willis studied a group of 12 working class "lads" in the Midlands who were anti-school and opposed the values and authority of the school, rejecting conformist boys they called "ear'oles".
3. Cohen argued that working class boys joined delinquent subcultures to gain status within their peer group.
Similar to Gang and delinquency (20)
Supernaturalizing social life religion and the evolution of human cooperati...
Supernaturalizing social life religion and the evolution of human cooperati...
Recentering Minoritized Voices: Social Media & Intersectional Sexual Violence...
Recentering Minoritized Voices: Social Media & Intersectional Sexual Violence...
Internalized Racism and Academic Success: Understanding the Role of Cultural ...
Internalized Racism and Academic Success: Understanding the Role of Cultural ...
Chapter 4Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege4-
Chapter 4Understanding Racism, Prejudice, and White Privilege4-
Learning about “Otherness” in the Era of Radicalization: Disrupting the dialo...
Learning about “Otherness” in the Era of Radicalization: Disrupting the dialo...
DEINDIVIDUATION WHEN DO PEOPLE LOSE THEIR SENSE OF SELF IN GROUPS
DEINDIVIDUATION WHEN DO PEOPLE LOSE THEIR SENSE OF SELF IN GROUPS
Feminist theoretical perspectives_pasque_wimmer_rev
Feminist theoretical perspectives_pasque_wimmer_rev
More from Brigita Manohara
Uas, artikel soal perek
hadiah berujung bui
apa itu gratifikasi? dan bagaimana kemudian hadiah bisa berujung bui?
Uas sosiologi soal lalu lintas
Teks tersebut membahas tentang penegakan hukum di Indonesia kaitannya dengan UU No. 22 tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan. Teks tersebut menjelaskan latar belakang diterbitkannya UU baru tersebut untuk menekan angka kecelakaan dan pelanggaran, sanksi pidana yang lebih berat dalam UU baru, dan hasil operasi Zebra di mana ribuan pelanggar ditangkap. Teks tersebut juga membahas definisi huk
Uas perkembangan teori hukum soal strict liability
pertanggungjawaban langsung terhadap perusahaan yang melakukan tindak pidana menjadi salah satu bentuk perkembangan hukum pidana. apa itu strict liability? bagaimana dengan kasus pencemaran di teluk buyat?
Tugas ketiga
Ringkasan dari dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang gang and delinquency dalam perspektif kriminologi berdasarkan buku Gang and Delinquency in Developmental Perspective karya beberapa penulis.
2. Buku tersebut menjelaskan faktor-faktor penyebab remaja bergabung dengan gang seperti komunitas, keluarga, sekolah, lingkungan pertemanan, dan karakter individu.
3. Keanggotaan gang berkaitan
Teori pidana tiga
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang kriminalisasi dan berbagai teori yang relevan dengan kriminalisasi seperti teori hukuman, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses kriminalisasi, dan implikasi dari kriminalisasi.
2. Beberapa teori hukuman yang dibahas antara lain teori retributif, teori ekspresif, teori paternalistik, dan teori keuntungan serta beban.
3
Teori hukum 2
pembalasan menjadi salah satu dasar dilakukannya pemidanaan. dalam perkembangannya terdapat pro dan kontra mengenai pembalasan itu sendiri. dua jenis pembalasan menjadi bahasan dalam presentasi ini.
Ppt theory of justice
theory of justice iniadalah salah satu pembahasan dalam filsafat hukum. teori keadilan yang digagas sejumlah pakar tentu mengalami perkembangan sehingga terdapat pemahaman yang berbeda mengenai takaran keadilan itu sendiri
Presentasi kelompok
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pertanggungjawaban komando atas pelanggaran HAM berat yang dilakukan oleh bawahan, di mana komandan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana apabila gagal mencegah atau menghukum pelaku meskipun tidak secara langsung terlibat. Dokumen ini juga menganalisis penerapan prinsip ini pada beberapa kasus pelanggaran HAM di Indonesia.
Teori hukum 2
tugas ini berisi mengenai paparan dua jenis teori retributif yang adala dalam teori hukum pidana
Tindak pidana (criminal conduct) baru
presentasi ini mengenai rangkuman dari apa itu tindak pidana dari buku Criminal LAw yang diberikan oleh pengajar mata kuliah teori hukum pidana.
Determinasi ekonomi
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang determinasi ekonomi, yaitu bagaimana faktor-faktor ekonomi dapat menentukan aktivitas manusia dalam bidang produksi, distribusi, dan konsumsi barang dan jasa. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan pandangan Karl Marx mengenai determinasi ekonomi di mana aspek ekonomi lah yang menentukan aspek politik dan pemikiran manusia. Selain itu, dibahas pula hubungan antara kondisi ekonomi dengan tingkat
More from Brigita Manohara (11)
Uas perkembangan teori hukum soal strict liability
Uas perkembangan teori hukum soal strict liability
Recently uploaded
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
Presentation by Justin Ordoyo
University of the Philippines College of Law
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
2024 Idaho Water Users Association, Sun Valley, Idaho - June 11, 2024. Presented by Payton Hampton and Garrett Kitamura
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
Pim Betist's presentation about generative AI in the legal sector at Lexpo.com '24
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Search Warrants for NH Law Enforcement Officers
Training aid for law enforcement officers related to search warrants, the requirements needed, drafting, and execution of the search warrant.
原版制作(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(PSU毕业证书)宾州州立大学公园分校毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
快速办理(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Learn more on how to obtain the work permit for self-employed persons in Italy at https://immigration-italy.com/selfemployment-work-permit-in-italy/.
在线办理(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdf
The immediate step is an intelligent choice; don’t procrastinate. In the aftermath of the crash, taking care of yourself and taking quick steps can help you protect yourself from significant injuries. Make sure that you have collected the essential data and information.
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional and judicial approach
原版定做(sheffield学位证书)英国谢菲尔德大学毕业证文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(sheffield学位证书)英国谢菲尔德大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Business Laws Sunita saha
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Framework
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
Recently uploaded (20)
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
San Remo Manual on International Law Applicable to Armed Conflict at Sea
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
The Work Permit for Self-Employed Persons in Italy
Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdf
Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdf
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Presentation (1).pptx Human rights of LGBTQ people in India, constitutional a...
Gang and delinquency
- 1. Oleh : Brigita P. Manohara Gang and Delinquency
- 2. Etimologi Gang : gerombolan, komplotan, rombongan, regu Delinquency : kenakalan, perilaku jahat, pelanggaran Gang and Delinquency : gerombolan/komplotan dan kenakalan
- 3. Frederic M. Thrasher (1927) “gangs is an interstitial group originally formed spontaneously, and then integrated through conflict. It is characterized by the following types of behavior; meeting face to face, milling, movement through space as a unit, conflict, and planning. The result of this collective behaviour is the development of tradition, unreflective internal structure, esprit de corps, solidarity, morale, group awarness, and attachment to a local territory”
- 4. Moore (1991) “gangs are no longer just the rowdy end of the continuum of local adolescent groups-they are now really outside thet continuum” Klein (1995) “street gangs are something special, something qualitatively different from other groups and from other categories of law breakers”.
- 5. Gang and Delinquency karya : Terence P. Thornberry, Marvin D. Krohn, Alan J. Lizotte, Carolyn A. Smith, dan Kimberly Tobin Berisi hasil penelitian yang menguji teori para ahli sebelumnya mengenai gang, karakteristik, struktur, anggota, dampak keanggotaan, upaya penanggulangan
- 6. Keangotaan gang Ras : 1. Afrika-Amerika 2. Hispanic 3. White (kulit putih) Jenis kelamin : 1. Laki-laki 2. Perempuan Durasi : 1. < 3 tahun 2. > 3 tahun
- 7. Tindak Pidana 1. kejahatan (general delinquency) 2. kekerasan (violence delinquent) 3. penggunaan narkoba 4. peredaran/perdagangan narkoba
- 8. Faktor Penyebab Komunitas (community) Keluarga Sekolah Lingkungan pertemanan yang menyimpang (peer relationship) Karakter individu Penyimpangan sebelumnya (Prior deviance)
- 9. Motivasi bergabung : Keluarga dan teman mereka sudah menjadi anggota sebelumnya Ada label perlindungan (labeled protection) Fun / action
- 10. “barries in social structure limit the ability of lower cass youth to attain the American dream” – stain theory arientation yang diadopsi Cohen (1955) dan Cloward serta Ohin (1960) “gangs and gang behavior are seen as natural offshoots of lower-class culture, a long-established, distictively patterned tradition with an integrity of its own” (Miller,1958) “the influence of poverty inadequate educational process, population shift and ethnic segregation” (Klein, 1995)
- 11. Kerugian Sosial Lemahnya prestasi di sekolah (poor performance in school) Early dating Externalizing behaviors Prior delinquency Kejahatan/pelanggaran dipercaya meningkat angkanya (Delinquent beliefs increase).
- 12. Dalam perkembangan hidup Dikeluarkan dari sekolah Kehamilan pada usia dini Orang tua muda Hidup terpisah dari salah satu orang tua Pola pekerjaan yang tidak stabil Hidup serumah
- 13. Penanggulangan Klein and Howel (2005) : tripartite classification 1. Prevention 2. Reform 3. Suppression Howel menggabungkan dua atau lebih dari pendekatan itu Spergel (1995) 1. Local community organizing and mobilization 2. Social intervention 3. Suppression 4. Social and economic opportunities provision
- 14. Kenakalan remaja di Indonesia