Game Thinking slides for a research visit from the University of California to the Game Insitute at the University of Waterloo to support international research connections and collaborations.
Graphics Interface 2019: Invited Speaker: Lennart Nacke - Game ThinkingLennart Nacke
In this talk, Lennart will explain how game thinking works as a problem-solving strategy and provide practical takeaways for designers who are interested in using game thinking in their UX process. He will also talk about his most recent research into gameful design, player types, and surveys and heuristics to assess gamification.
GAMES USER RESEARCH: Guest Lecture in UX Design Class at Wilfried Laurier Uni...Lennart Nacke
In this talk, I describe several games user research methods from the Oxford University Press book: Games User Research. I talk about UX maturity levels of game development companies and the game design iterative development cycle and where Game UX fits into that space. I finally present several games user research methods.
GAMIFIN 2019 Conference Keynote: How to fail at #gamification researchLennart Nacke
Lennart Nacke describes the many ways that failure is important and necessary for iterative design and development of gamification research. He outlines several ways that current gamification research can improve on experiments, execution, and publication of gamification studies. He touches on areas of game thinking, user experience, and design to tie all the examples of failure together into a call for honest design and research in gamification.
Introduction to Game Thinking (Fluxible 2018)Lennart Nacke
Game thinking is a problem-solving process that uses strategies from game design and gamification to help drive the design of user experiences in digital or non-digital applications. Incorporating game thinking into the UX process can 1) foster users’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to engage with a product or system, and 2) engage users in a learning and mastery process, in which they develop the abilities needed to accomplish their goals throughout their user journey.
DAC 305: Choice and Agency in GamificationLennart Nacke
As part of teaching the course DAC 305 at the University of Waterloo, Dr. Nacke dives deep into the underlying mechanisms of choice and agency in this lecture.
Game UX Summit '17: Challenges of Evaluating Player Cognition & EmotionLennart Nacke
We design games for emotional and cognitive player experiences, and tools and methods ranging from scientific questionnaires to physiological equipment allow us to do this effectively. In this talk Lennart will present successful combinations of player evaluation methods to build player profiles and personalized gameplay moments using psychological insights, specifically looking at VR horror games.
Dynamic Personalization of Gameful Interactive SystemsGustavo Tondello
These are the slides of my Ph.D. thesis oral defence at the University of Waterloo on June 20, 2019.
Gameful design, the process of creating a system with affordances for gameful experiences, can be used to increase user engagement and enjoyment of digital interactive systems. It can also be used to create applications for behaviour change in areas such as health, wellness, education, customer loyalty, and employee management. However, existing research suggests that the qualities of users, such as their personality traits, preferences, or identification with the task, can influence gamification outcomes.
Given how user qualities shape the gameful experience, it is important to understand how to personalize gameful systems. Current evidence suggests that personalized gameful systems can lead to increased user engagement and be more effective in helping users achieve their goals than generic ones. However, to create this kind of system, designers need a specific method to guide them in personalizing the gameful experience to their target audience. To address this need, this thesis proposes a method for personalized gameful design with three steps: (1) classification of user preferences, (2) classification and selection of gameful design elements, and (3) heuristic evaluation of the design.
Furthermore, this thesis describes the design, implementation, and pilot evaluation of a software platform for the study of personalized gameful design. It integrates nine gameful design elements built around a main instrumental task, enabling researchers to observe and study the gameful experience of participants. The platform is flexible so the instrumental task can be changed, game elements can be added or removed, and the level and type of personalization or customization can be controlled. This allows researchers to generate different experimental conditions to study a broad range of research questions.
Our personalized gameful design method provides practical tools and clear guidelines to help designers effectively build personalized gameful systems.
Do all users equally enjoy all game elements in gamification?
This talk presents the Hexad user types survey and the game elements correlated with each one of the six Hexad user types.
Presented at the ACM CHI PLAY 2016 Conference.
Graphics Interface 2019: Invited Speaker: Lennart Nacke - Game ThinkingLennart Nacke
In this talk, Lennart will explain how game thinking works as a problem-solving strategy and provide practical takeaways for designers who are interested in using game thinking in their UX process. He will also talk about his most recent research into gameful design, player types, and surveys and heuristics to assess gamification.
GAMES USER RESEARCH: Guest Lecture in UX Design Class at Wilfried Laurier Uni...Lennart Nacke
In this talk, I describe several games user research methods from the Oxford University Press book: Games User Research. I talk about UX maturity levels of game development companies and the game design iterative development cycle and where Game UX fits into that space. I finally present several games user research methods.
GAMIFIN 2019 Conference Keynote: How to fail at #gamification researchLennart Nacke
Lennart Nacke describes the many ways that failure is important and necessary for iterative design and development of gamification research. He outlines several ways that current gamification research can improve on experiments, execution, and publication of gamification studies. He touches on areas of game thinking, user experience, and design to tie all the examples of failure together into a call for honest design and research in gamification.
Introduction to Game Thinking (Fluxible 2018)Lennart Nacke
Game thinking is a problem-solving process that uses strategies from game design and gamification to help drive the design of user experiences in digital or non-digital applications. Incorporating game thinking into the UX process can 1) foster users’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to engage with a product or system, and 2) engage users in a learning and mastery process, in which they develop the abilities needed to accomplish their goals throughout their user journey.
DAC 305: Choice and Agency in GamificationLennart Nacke
As part of teaching the course DAC 305 at the University of Waterloo, Dr. Nacke dives deep into the underlying mechanisms of choice and agency in this lecture.
Game UX Summit '17: Challenges of Evaluating Player Cognition & EmotionLennart Nacke
We design games for emotional and cognitive player experiences, and tools and methods ranging from scientific questionnaires to physiological equipment allow us to do this effectively. In this talk Lennart will present successful combinations of player evaluation methods to build player profiles and personalized gameplay moments using psychological insights, specifically looking at VR horror games.
Dynamic Personalization of Gameful Interactive SystemsGustavo Tondello
These are the slides of my Ph.D. thesis oral defence at the University of Waterloo on June 20, 2019.
Gameful design, the process of creating a system with affordances for gameful experiences, can be used to increase user engagement and enjoyment of digital interactive systems. It can also be used to create applications for behaviour change in areas such as health, wellness, education, customer loyalty, and employee management. However, existing research suggests that the qualities of users, such as their personality traits, preferences, or identification with the task, can influence gamification outcomes.
Given how user qualities shape the gameful experience, it is important to understand how to personalize gameful systems. Current evidence suggests that personalized gameful systems can lead to increased user engagement and be more effective in helping users achieve their goals than generic ones. However, to create this kind of system, designers need a specific method to guide them in personalizing the gameful experience to their target audience. To address this need, this thesis proposes a method for personalized gameful design with three steps: (1) classification of user preferences, (2) classification and selection of gameful design elements, and (3) heuristic evaluation of the design.
Furthermore, this thesis describes the design, implementation, and pilot evaluation of a software platform for the study of personalized gameful design. It integrates nine gameful design elements built around a main instrumental task, enabling researchers to observe and study the gameful experience of participants. The platform is flexible so the instrumental task can be changed, game elements can be added or removed, and the level and type of personalization or customization can be controlled. This allows researchers to generate different experimental conditions to study a broad range of research questions.
Our personalized gameful design method provides practical tools and clear guidelines to help designers effectively build personalized gameful systems.
Do all users equally enjoy all game elements in gamification?
This talk presents the Hexad user types survey and the game elements correlated with each one of the six Hexad user types.
Presented at the ACM CHI PLAY 2016 Conference.
An Introduction to what gamification is. Examples of gamification applications, platforms, and methods.
I put these slides together for a lecture I've given at the University of Waterloo, July 2016.
A Theory of Gamification Principles Through Goal-Setting TheoryGustavo Tondello
Goal setting theory has been used for decades to explain how to motivate people to perform better in work related tasks, but more recently gamification has also gained attention as an alternative method to increase employee engagement and performance at work. However, despite goal setting and feedback being at the core of gameful implementations, there is a lack of literature explaining how gamification works through the lens of goal setting theory or suggesting how goal setting concepts and recommendations can be employed to improve gameful systems. Therefore, we present a conceptual framework that establishes a relationship between the goal setting concepts and gamification concepts and mechanisms. Next, we describe how this framework can help explain the mechanisms behind gamification and suggest potential improvements to current gameful design methods. Finally, we propose directions for future empirical research aimed to apply this conceptual framework in practice.
Introduction to Gameful Design Heuristics (CHI 2017)Gustavo Tondello
Part 1/2 of CHI 2017 course "Applying Gameful Design Heuristics". This course will supply attendees with our gameful design heuristics and train them in using the heuristics on an example application. Finally, at the end of the second unit, we
will be discussing how to generate design ideas with the heuristics.
Several research studies have been showing that personalized gameful solutions can lead to higher engagement and performance. However, personalized gameful design faces two challenges: deciding how to select game elements and activities that are appealing to different users, and deciding how to adapt the experience to each user. In this talk, Gustavo reports on the latest research and his own experience designing personalized gameful solutions. To solve the first challenge (design), he will show how to use the classification of gameful design elements, the gameful design heuristics, and the user types models to create solutions that are appealing to different users. For the second challenge (adaptation), he will discuss strategies for customization (letting the user adjust their experience at will) or personalization (having the system automatically learn about the user and make adjustments).
Keynote presented at Gamification Europe 2020.
This deck is based on a paper we wrote for the SAMRA 2011 conference. It's a short introduction to some of the ideas underlying the concept of "gamification".
It also details the results from a simple experiment we conducted to measure the effectiveness of gamifying an online community. We were restricted by a tight deadline and the existing capabilities of the online platform we partnered with, but the results are still pretty clear (although small base sizes makes it difficult to draw solid conclusions). To follow up these tantalising results, we are writing another paper for ESOMAR Congress that collects more numbers describing the effectivness of gamification.
I had a lot of fun illustrating the deck. Hope you enjoy reading it.
A Framework and Taxonomy of Videogame Playing Preferences (CHI PLAY 17)Gustavo Tondello
We propose a conceptual framework of player preferences based on two dimensions: game elements and game playing styles. To investigate these two concepts, we conducted an online survey of player preferences, which allowed us to create a taxonomy of nine groups of game elements and five groups of game playing styles. These two concepts are foundational to games, which means that our model can be used by designers to create games that are tailored to their target audience.
Game Engines in Game Education: Thinking Inside the Tool Boox?Sebastian Deterding
Should apprentices of a craft master one tool, making themselves dependent on it? Or become fluent in many? Should they use pre-made parts? Or should they learn how to make everything from scratch, even if that doesn't reflect actual practice? These eternal questions of craft education have become relevant for game educators with the rise of game engines like Unity. This talk will reveal firsthand experiences and strategies used to deal with the opportunities and challenges of integrating game engines in game education. / My and Casey O'Donnell's talk at the GDC Education Summit 2016.
User Experience 7: Quantitative Methods, Questionnaires, Biometrics and Data ...Marc Miquel
This presentation introduces the most important quantitative research methods: questionnaires, biometrics and data analysis. It discusses several case studies in which these methods are employed.
These slides were prepared by Dr. Marc Miquel. All the materials used in them are referenced to their authors.
Examining the Role and Journey of Women in Collaborative Core Gaming: A Compa...Flavia Stoian
Inspired by the continual transition and controversial nature of the gaming culture, this study is a comparative inquiry into the online and the tabletop gaming culture from the perspective of women gamers to find out how critical differences between the two spaces mark their experience while they practice the games they love. It is written as a comparative narrative between online and tabletop data collected from Dungeons & Dragons and World of Warcraft. Both games are part of overlapping genres, have similar mechanics, and the player base have common characteristics. The thesis is structured in two sections. The first section reviews the literature necessary to scaffold the research approach. The second section is a three-fold, ethnographic exploration of the Dungeons & Dragons and World of Warcraft gaming spaces, from the perspective of women gamers.
Designing Social Network Games with SoPlay HeuristicsRojola
SoPlay workshop presentation given in MindTrek 2010 conference. During the workshop the participants designed social games concepts based on the structure shown in the presentation. More information: http://soplayproject.wordpress.com
An Introduction to what gamification is. Examples of gamification applications, platforms, and methods.
I put these slides together for a lecture I've given at the University of Waterloo, July 2016.
A Theory of Gamification Principles Through Goal-Setting TheoryGustavo Tondello
Goal setting theory has been used for decades to explain how to motivate people to perform better in work related tasks, but more recently gamification has also gained attention as an alternative method to increase employee engagement and performance at work. However, despite goal setting and feedback being at the core of gameful implementations, there is a lack of literature explaining how gamification works through the lens of goal setting theory or suggesting how goal setting concepts and recommendations can be employed to improve gameful systems. Therefore, we present a conceptual framework that establishes a relationship between the goal setting concepts and gamification concepts and mechanisms. Next, we describe how this framework can help explain the mechanisms behind gamification and suggest potential improvements to current gameful design methods. Finally, we propose directions for future empirical research aimed to apply this conceptual framework in practice.
Introduction to Gameful Design Heuristics (CHI 2017)Gustavo Tondello
Part 1/2 of CHI 2017 course "Applying Gameful Design Heuristics". This course will supply attendees with our gameful design heuristics and train them in using the heuristics on an example application. Finally, at the end of the second unit, we
will be discussing how to generate design ideas with the heuristics.
Several research studies have been showing that personalized gameful solutions can lead to higher engagement and performance. However, personalized gameful design faces two challenges: deciding how to select game elements and activities that are appealing to different users, and deciding how to adapt the experience to each user. In this talk, Gustavo reports on the latest research and his own experience designing personalized gameful solutions. To solve the first challenge (design), he will show how to use the classification of gameful design elements, the gameful design heuristics, and the user types models to create solutions that are appealing to different users. For the second challenge (adaptation), he will discuss strategies for customization (letting the user adjust their experience at will) or personalization (having the system automatically learn about the user and make adjustments).
Keynote presented at Gamification Europe 2020.
This deck is based on a paper we wrote for the SAMRA 2011 conference. It's a short introduction to some of the ideas underlying the concept of "gamification".
It also details the results from a simple experiment we conducted to measure the effectiveness of gamifying an online community. We were restricted by a tight deadline and the existing capabilities of the online platform we partnered with, but the results are still pretty clear (although small base sizes makes it difficult to draw solid conclusions). To follow up these tantalising results, we are writing another paper for ESOMAR Congress that collects more numbers describing the effectivness of gamification.
I had a lot of fun illustrating the deck. Hope you enjoy reading it.
A Framework and Taxonomy of Videogame Playing Preferences (CHI PLAY 17)Gustavo Tondello
We propose a conceptual framework of player preferences based on two dimensions: game elements and game playing styles. To investigate these two concepts, we conducted an online survey of player preferences, which allowed us to create a taxonomy of nine groups of game elements and five groups of game playing styles. These two concepts are foundational to games, which means that our model can be used by designers to create games that are tailored to their target audience.
Game Engines in Game Education: Thinking Inside the Tool Boox?Sebastian Deterding
Should apprentices of a craft master one tool, making themselves dependent on it? Or become fluent in many? Should they use pre-made parts? Or should they learn how to make everything from scratch, even if that doesn't reflect actual practice? These eternal questions of craft education have become relevant for game educators with the rise of game engines like Unity. This talk will reveal firsthand experiences and strategies used to deal with the opportunities and challenges of integrating game engines in game education. / My and Casey O'Donnell's talk at the GDC Education Summit 2016.
User Experience 7: Quantitative Methods, Questionnaires, Biometrics and Data ...Marc Miquel
This presentation introduces the most important quantitative research methods: questionnaires, biometrics and data analysis. It discusses several case studies in which these methods are employed.
These slides were prepared by Dr. Marc Miquel. All the materials used in them are referenced to their authors.
Examining the Role and Journey of Women in Collaborative Core Gaming: A Compa...Flavia Stoian
Inspired by the continual transition and controversial nature of the gaming culture, this study is a comparative inquiry into the online and the tabletop gaming culture from the perspective of women gamers to find out how critical differences between the two spaces mark their experience while they practice the games they love. It is written as a comparative narrative between online and tabletop data collected from Dungeons & Dragons and World of Warcraft. Both games are part of overlapping genres, have similar mechanics, and the player base have common characteristics. The thesis is structured in two sections. The first section reviews the literature necessary to scaffold the research approach. The second section is a three-fold, ethnographic exploration of the Dungeons & Dragons and World of Warcraft gaming spaces, from the perspective of women gamers.
Designing Social Network Games with SoPlay HeuristicsRojola
SoPlay workshop presentation given in MindTrek 2010 conference. During the workshop the participants designed social games concepts based on the structure shown in the presentation. More information: http://soplayproject.wordpress.com
The role of ai in social games eladhari2011 uppsalauniMirjam Eladhari
Keynote at PhD course at Uppsala University in August 2011.
Outline:
•What does ”AI” and ”social” mean anyway?
•Social actions in terms of operational logics
•AI based game design
•Research prototype(s)
•A recipe
Modeling knowledge co-creation games as activity systems (ISAGA 2014)Otso Hannula
A presentation given at 18th international IFIP Workshop on Experimental Interactive Learning in Industrial Management in conjunction with International Simulation and Gaming Association Conference in July 2014.
The Psychology of the Player & Game Character Design and Representation by Sh...Sherry Jones
Dec. 6, 2015 - This presentation explores many psychological theories that can help us understand how players think, and how game characters should be designed.
The Metagame Book Club is a K-12 and College professional development institution that offers free webinars, discussions, live chats, and other interactive activities on the topics of game-based learning, game studies, gamification, and games in general.
Interested in joining us? Visit our website here:
The Metagame Book Club
http://bit.ly/metagamebookclub
In gameful design, motivational affordances are often used to facilitate intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. This presentation details the 12 dimensions of motivational affordances according to the Gameful Design Heuristics by the HCI Games Group.
Socio-emotional Agency in Machines: Building Human-Agent Playful InteractionsRui Prada
Slides of my talk at MagicX (http://www.magicx.my) in the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (www.utm.my/).
I discussed the vision of Engaging People and Machines together and the need of Social Intelligence for that. Presented examples of applied games and discussed why AI characters are important for games targeting social skills. Finished with a discussion of the RAGE project (http://rageproject.eu).
Assessment 1- Short essayInstructionsEssay Topic U.docxgalerussel59292
Assessment 1- Short essay
Instructions:
Essay Topic
:
Using reading from module 1 (and extra research if needed) Main Question: demonstrate your understanding of the relationships between play and games.
You are advised to base your discussion around one game. Here are some examples to get you thinking:
The End of Us
The Republia Times
The Raccoon Who Lost Their Shape
Entire Screen of One Game
Cookie Clicker
My Garbage Cat Wakes Me Up at 3am Every Day
Zork
Small Worlds
The essay should be
1500 words
in length, including in-text references; however, your reference list is not included in this count. You have 10% flexibility with the word limit, but being substantially under or over-length will result in a poorer mark.
Please keep in mind, you will need to develop your own analysis in this essay. Even if you agree completely with one article or book you are using, you will need to present a larger and more balanced examination than any single source can provide. You will be expected to have read and to utilise both core and deeper readings from the relevant topic. As this is a research essay, to do well you may also need to find appropriate additional material to further your analysis.
Your essay should include a fully formed introduction and conclusion, should be written in paragraph form, should present a clear argument and should meaningfully engage with the readings provided in the unit as well as including credible material from additional sources if required. Your essay should follow the APA 6th ed. referencing style.
Criteria for Assessment
You will be assessed on:
· Accurate definition of terms
· Clear and coherent writing and expression (spelling, grammar and formatting)
· Use of reading and accurate referencing following correct APA 6th ed. style
· Development of a coherent argument
Module-1:
In the first part of the unit we begin by unpacking our understanding of play and games. This is followed by a critical discussion of immersion and interactivity as core themes defining online and digital forms of play. This will function to springboard our discussion of deeper concepts in the second module, giving us a functional grounding in the early theories of play and gaming.
Topic 1.1: Play: An Introduction
Topic 1.2: Games and Rules
Topic 1.3: Immersion, Interactivity, and Narrative
Topic 1.1: Play: An Introduction
Play
In this unit we explore the evolution of web-based play and examine the crucial role of Internet connectivity in the contemporary video game industry. As we begin, however, a few of you might still be wondering: why study video games at all? Why do games matter? And why should we take them seriously in an academic context?
The short answer is that video games represent the single largest industry spawned by digital media. Globally, the video game industry is worth over one hundred billion dollars and increases in value each year.
Recent studies indicate that this trend will conti.
Assessment 1- Short essayInstructionsEssay Topic .docxgalerussel59292
Assessment 1- Short essay
Instructions:
Essay Topic
:
Using reading from module 1 (and extra research if needed) Main Question: demonstrate your understanding of the relationships between play and games.
You are advised to base your discussion around one game. Here are some examples to get you thinking:
The End of Us
The Republia Times
The Raccoon Who Lost Their Shape
Entire Screen of One Game
Cookie Clicker
My Garbage Cat Wakes Me Up at 3am Every Day
Zork
Small Worlds
The essay should be
1500 words
in length, including in-text references; however, your reference list is not included in this count. You have 10% flexibility with the word limit, but being substantially under or over-length will result in a poorer mark.
Please keep in mind, you will need to develop your own analysis in this essay. Even if you agree completely with one article or book you are using, you will need to present a larger and more balanced examination than any single source can provide. You will be expected to have read and to utilise both core and deeper readings from the relevant topic. As this is a research essay, to do well you may also need to find appropriate additional material to further your analysis.
Your essay should include a fully formed introduction and conclusion, should be written in paragraph form, should present a clear argument and should meaningfully engage with the readings provided in the unit as well as including credible material from additional sources if required. Your essay should follow the APA 6th ed. referencing style.
Criteria for Assessment
You will be assessed on:
· Accurate definition of terms
· Clear and coherent writing and expression (spelling, grammar and formatting)
· Use of reading and accurate referencing following correct APA 6th ed. style
· Development of a coherent argument
Module-1:
In the first part of the unit we begin by unpacking our understanding of play and games. This is followed by a critical discussion of immersion and interactivity as core themes defining online and digital forms of play. This will function to springboard our discussion of deeper concepts in the second module, giving us a functional grounding in the early theories of play and gaming.
Topic 1.1: Play: An Introduction
Topic 1.2: Games and Rules
Topic 1.3: Immersion, Interactivity, and Narrative
Topic 1.1: Play: An Introduction
Play
In this unit we explore the evolution of web-based play and examine the crucial role of Internet connectivity in the contemporary video game industry. As we begin, however, a few of you might still be wondering: why study video games at all? Why do games matter? And why should we take them seriously in an academic context?
The short answer is that video games represent the single largest industry spawned by digital media. Globally, the video game industry is worth over one hundred billion dollars and increases in value each year.
Recent studies indicate that this trend will co.
Research Overview Mirjam P Eladhari August 2019Mirjam Eladhari
Slides for a presentation where I gave an overview of my research in August 2019. The talk is about how I have adressed two question that are at the core of my work:
Q1 How can we work to innovate in game design and technology?
Q2 How can we create play experiences that are individually meaningful?
Games4Resilience Salon
Spielerische Selbstkontrolle und emotionale Kompetenzen fördern
Fares Kayali, Technische Univeristät Wien,
studierte an der TU Wien (PhD), arbeitet aktuell an der Fakultät für Informatik, Institut für Gestaltungs- und Wirkungsforschung, Arbeitsbereich Human Computer Interaction, Technische Universität Wien
Ian Bogost’s concept of procedural rhetoric is a tantalising theory of the power and potential of computer games, especially serious games. Yet does this concept really distinguish games from other media? Can this concept be usefully applied to the design and critique of serious games? This paper explores the ramifications of games (particularly serious games) as procedural rhetoric and whether this concept is problematic, useful, inclusive, or better employed as a recalibrated meta-epistemic theory of serious games that persuade or suggest to the player that the game mechanics, game genre, or digitally simulated world-view is open to criticism and reflection.
How to Write a CHI Paper 2016 (CHI PLAY 2016)Lennart Nacke
Slides from the first iteration of the How to Write CHI Papers course at CHI PLAY 2016, which discusses the course exercises and content presented at the conference for the course.
DAC 300: Chance and Skill in Game DesignLennart Nacke
In this lecture of his course "Introduction to Game Design", Dr. Nacke presents the core elements of adding chance or catering to skill in building games.
In this lecture, Dr. Lennart Nacke gives a brief introduction to the process of game design. He revisits existing definitions of games and talks about why games are systems with boundaries and rules. He then discusses the formal and dramatic elements of games.
The 5 Gamification Languages: The secret to gameful experiences that last (Ga...Lennart Nacke
Good design is at the heart of gamification and learning. To become outstanding designers, we must have a language to communicate our ideas to our teams. Sometimes our gameful design languages (or design approaches) are different and communication suffers. This talk outlines how you can find your primary gamification language and introduces five languages: (1) goals and challenges, (2) quality of content and context, (3) incentives, (4) motivating actions, (5) system mechanics. Each of these present different perspectives on pursuing gameful design, but they are not always distinct – in fact, being able to speak all five gamification languages fluently will make you a better gameful designers. The talk will introduce each gamification design language with examples of how to apply these languages in a gamified learning context. You will be able to self-assess your gamification language and comprehend the language of other gameful designers in your time. If you learn more than your primary gamification language, you can apply these languages to improve your gameful designs for wider audiences.
#GamesUR Conference: From Body Signals to Brainy Player InsightsLennart Nacke
Games User Researchers are often sceptical when it comes to using brain and body sensors, but as the cost of sensor technologies continues to drop, it is time to consider the potential insights that we might gain from using these signals in our work. In this talk, I will briefly introduce the most common physiological measures that are used in Games User Research, and discuss the challenges in obtaining a clean signal and usable data from different low-cost devices. Additionally, I will make recommendations for signal cleaning procedures and briefly talk about the analysis made possible with different physiological sensors. I will also demonstrate the conclusions that may be inferred from some of these data when compared to other Games User Research methods, such as behavioural observation. Lastly, I will introduce some of my own visualization methods for quickly comprehending the meaning of physiological sensor data.
On the Usability of Psychophysiological User Research for the Games IndustryLennart Nacke
In this presentation from the 2012 Games User Research Summit, I talk about physiological research methods for games and why this matters for examining user experience with physiological measures.
My CHI 2011 talk on how direct and indirect control enhance game interaction.
CITATION:
Nacke, L.E., Kalyn, M., Lough, C., Mandryk, R.L. 2011. Biofeedback Game Design: Using Direct and Indirect Physiological Control to Enhance Game Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2011), Vancouver, BC, Canada. 103-112.
Brain, Body, and Bytes CHI 2010 Workshop PresentationsLennart Nacke
Brain and Body Interfaces (BBI) were discussed in this workshop. Its goal was to provide a platform for creating synergies between two related and emerging HCI disciplines (PC and BCI). Find out more at the workshop website: http://www.eecs.tufts.edu/~agirou01/workshop/
Affective Ludology: Affective Measurement of User Experience in GamesLennart Nacke
Keynote from GameDays 2010: Serious Games for Sports and Health.
Digital games provide the most engaging interactive experiences. You will be able to take away 3 methods for measuring user experience in games from this talk. First, the objective assessment of physiological user responses together with automated event-logging techniques, so called game metrics, will show how to collect player- and game-related variables for a comprehensive understanding of their interaction. Second, using psychometric questionnaires willallow a reliable assessment of players' subjective emotion and cognition during gameplay. Third, the combination of the two approaches allows cross-correlations to be made about gameplay experience with focus on human-machine interaction.
Playability & Player Experience ResearchLennart Nacke
As the game industry matures and games become more and more complex, there is an increasing need to develop methodologies for analyzing and measuring player experience, in order to develop a better understanding of the relationship and interactions between players and games. This panel gathers distinguished European playability and user experience experts to discuss current findings and methodological advancements within player experience and playability research.
Game Metrics and Biometrics: The Future of Player Experience ResearchLennart Nacke
There is a call in industry and research for objective evaluation of player experience in games. With recent technological advancements, it is possible to automatically log numerical information on in-game player behavior and put this into temporal, spatial, and psychophysiological context. The latter is done using biometric evaluation techniques, like electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG), and eye tracking. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss experimental results in academia and best practices in industry. This panel brings together experts from both worlds sharing their knowledge using conventional and experimental, qualitative and quantitative methods of player experience in games.
From Playability to a Hierarchical Game Usability ModelLennart Nacke
This paper presents a brief review of current game usability models. This leads to the conception of a high-level game usability framework model that integrates current usability approaches in game industry and game research.
Next Generation Testing: Biometric Analysis of Player ExperienceLennart Nacke
Tracking game metrics data is slowly becoming an industry standard for analyzing and improving games. Using insights from statistical analysis, games are becoming more adaptive and cater to individual experiences. Thus, biometric analysis is the latest trend to gather objective insight into player experience. Operating with game and player metric data becomes more important as game designers move from being classically rooted in the level design department to having to shift their attention towards procedural algorithms and programming that is responsible for analyzing player data. This talk will introduce the next generation of designing games based on statistical data analysis (game metrics, eye tracking and biofeedback) and discuss the challenges of these new and exciting technologies.
Log Who's Playing: Psychophysiological Game Analysis Made Easy Through Event...Lennart Nacke
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Evaluating Game Usability - How game research will change the face of softwa...Lennart Nacke
Modern measurement hardware enables researchers to closely analyze how people play games and evaluate their experience in terms of efficiency, visual attention and perceived fun of application. This talk will show some game research experiment results. As corporate software applications struggle with strained, less efficient users due to complicated input and no fun of use, knowledge gained from the hands-on study of playing digital games can be beneficial to classic software application. Thus, empowering developers with many new interaction concepts and principles of fun, which will be discussed in detail in here. The presentation concludes with recommendations how this knowledge could feed back into software development.
More at: http://www.acagamic.com/
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Games institute: University of California Visit: Game Thinking Overview
1. GameThinking
or: “cool stuff and current research”
Lennart Nacke, PhD
Associate Professor
The Games Institute, Department of Comm. Arts and
Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business
@acagamic | slideshare.net/acagamic |
linkedin.com/in/nacke/
2. Who am I?
Gameful Designer, User Researcher, Associate Professor
• Director of the HCI Games Group at the University of
Waterloo’s Games Institute
• Associate Professor at the University of Waterloo
• Co-Founder of MotiviUX, Inc.
3. OVERVIEW OFTHISTALK
“What have we been up to?”
1.Gamification and Game
Thinking
2.User Types Hexad and New
Trait Model
3.Gameful Design Heuristics
4.Takeaways
3
5. GameThinking as an UmbrellaTerm
Andrzej Marczewski. 2016. https://www.gamified.uk/gamification-framework/differences-between-gamification-and-games/
7. How might we address…
7
Put
hurdles/enablers
here
Put fitting design
lens/category
here
Put desired change here
(, using )
to achieve ?
Thanks to Sebastian Deterding for the examples.
8. How might we address…
8
AVOID MINDLESS
SNACKING
Put fitting design
lens/category
here
EAT HEALTHY FOOD
(, using )
to achieve ?
http://www.funkydesignspaces.com/plex/
9. How might we address…
9
AVOID MINDLESS
SNACKING
Put fitting design
lens/category
here
EAT HEALTHY FOOD
(, using )
to achieve ?
http://getmentalnotes.com/
11. THE USERTYPES HEXAD SCALE FOR GAMIFICATION
• Philanthropists are motivated by purpose. They are altruistic and willing to give without
expecting a reward.
• Socialisers are motivated by relatedness. They want to interact with others and create social
connections.
• Achievers are motivated by competence. They seek to progress within a system by completing
tasks, or prove themselves by tackling difficult challenges.
• Free Spirits are motivated by autonomy, meaning freedom to express themselves and act
without external control. They like to create and explore within a system.
• Players are motivated by extrinsic rewards. They will do whatever to earn a reward within a
system, independently of the type of the activity.
• Disruptors are motivated by the triggering of change. They tend to disrupt the system either
directly or through others to force negative or positive changes. They like to test the system‘s
boundaries and try to push further.
11
Gustavo F. Tondello, Alberto Mora, Andrzej Marczewski, and Lennart E. Nacke. 2019. Empirical Validation of the Gamification User Types Hexad Scale in
English and Spanish. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 127: 95-111. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.10.002
12. THE USERTYPES HEXAD IS AVAILABLE IN SPANISH AND ENGLISH
12
Gustavo F. Tondello, Alberto Mora, Andrzej Marczewski, and Lennart E. Nacke. 2019. Empirical Validation of the Gamification User Types Hexad Scale in
English and Spanish. In International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 127: 95-111. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.10.002
13. BEYOND BARTLE: FIXING BRAINHEX PLAYERTYPES
• Published BrainHex in 2014, but the analysis was flawed
• Invalid model, even though it became highly popular and well-cited
• Revisited the data in 2015 with my research team
• First fixing attempt in 2018:
• Gustavo Fortes Tondello, Deltcho Valtchanov, Adrian Reetz, Rina R. Wehbe, Rita Orji &
Lennart E. Nacke (2018): Towards a Trait Model of Video Game Preferences,
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, DOI:
10.1080/10447318.2018.1461765
• Next attempt in 2019:
• Just accepted into INTERACT 2019: Tondello et al.: “I don’t fit into a single type”: A Trait
Model and Scale of Game Playing Preference
14. FROM 7 NON-VALIDTYPESTO 5TRAITS
7 types collapsed into:
action orientation (Conqueror, Daredevil), later became challenge orientation
aesthetic orientation (Socializer, Seeker)
goal orientation (Mastermind, Achiever, Survivor)
Suggested additions:
social orientation
immersion orientation (later became
narrative orientation)
New names for the 5 player traits
1. Aesthetic orientation
2. Narrative orientation
3. Goal orientation
4. Social orientation
5. Challenge orientation
Gustavo F. Tondello, Karina Arrambide, Giovanni Ribeiro, Andrew Cen, and Lennart E. Nacke. 2019. “I don't fit into a single
type”: A Trait Model and Scale of Game Playing Preferences. In Proceedings of INTERACT 2019. Springer.
15. GAMEFUL DESIGN HEURISTICS: A GAMIFICATION INSPECTIONTOOL
15Gustavo F. Tondello, Dennis L. Kappen, Marim Ganaba, and Lennart E. Nacke. 2019. Gameful Design Heuristics:
A Gamification Inspection Tool. In Proceedings of HCI International 2019. Springer.
16. Take Home Message
• Game Thinking is an approach to solve problems playfully
with iterative design
• Powerful free scales are available for personalized
gamification now and should be used instead of outdated or
inaccurate or proprietary models (like Bartle)
• With gameful heuristics, we can assess gameful elements
rapidly
16