This document is the Australian Standard for plywood used for concrete formwork. It specifies requirements for manufacturing, grading, finishing and branding plywood forms. The standard defines three stress grades, three bond types, and four surface quality classes for formed concrete surfaces. It provides specifications for veneer quality, overlays, dimensions and tolerances. The standard also outlines three methods for determining stress grades based on veneer properties, mechanical testing of panels, or in-grade testing. Appendices provide additional detail on storage, mechanical properties, grading methods, compliance, and test methods for overlays.
BW Industries or indeed a returning user then we would advise you that we are a competitive alternative for steel components and particularly for our range of Steel Framing of both Load Bearing and Non-Load Bearing sections.
BW Industries manufacture a range of Roof Purlins that can be supplied as Sleeved, Butted, Lapped or Heavy End Bay systems. The most popular system we supply is the sleeved system but each application as its benefits.
BW Industries or indeed a returning user then we would advise you that we are a competitive alternative for steel components and particularly for our range of Steel Framing of both Load Bearing and Non-Load Bearing sections.
BW Industries manufacture a range of Roof Purlins that can be supplied as Sleeved, Butted, Lapped or Heavy End Bay systems. The most popular system we supply is the sleeved system but each application as its benefits.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
2. This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee TM-008, Plywood Timber Products. It
was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 31 May 2007.
This Standard was published on 31 July 2007.
The following are represented on Committee TM-008:
• Australian Building Codes Board
• Engineered Wood Products Association of Australasia
• Engineers Australia
• Forests NSW
• New Zealand Plywood Manufacturers Association
• Scion
• Timber Development Association (NSW)
Additional Interests:
• Mr Kevin Lyngcoln
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 06603.
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through public comment period.
Keeping Standards up-to-date
Australian Standards® are living documents that reflect progress in science, technology and
systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued.
Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are
using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.
Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au
Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to
notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
mail@standards.org.au, or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
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4. AS 6669—2007 2
PREFACE
This Standards was prepared by the members of the Joint Standards Australia/Standards
New Zealand Committee TM-008, Plywood Timber Products. After consultation with
stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards New Zealand decided to
develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than an Australian/New Zealand
Standard.
The objective of this Standard is to provide minimum performance requirements and
specifications for the manufacture and application of plywood for use in the specific
application of concrete formwork in Australia. This Standard describes formwork plywood
products either overlaid or non-overlaid, which are suitable, subject to correct installation
and design of the formwork, for providing a concrete surface finish meeting Class 2, 3, 4
and 5 off-form finishes as specified in AS 3610, Formwork for concrete. Attention is drawn
to the mandatory requirements of AS 3610 for the need to undertake test pours where colour
control or surface finishes of Class 2 or better are specified.
The plywood may be of either hardwood or softwood veneers, or a combination of both.
The quality of veneers and surface quality is judged in the finished panel.
The quality of impregnated overlay papers is described using the paper/total weight ratio
method.
Three veneer qualities, F, C, D, are prescribed as follows:
F —A non-appearance grade, which is a suitable substrate for the bonding of overlay
papers.
C —A non-appearance grade with a solid surface.
D —A non-appearance grade with permitted open imperfections.
Additionally two veneer qualities U2 and U3 are recommended for use as underlay veneer,
as follows:
U2 — A non-appearance grade suitable for use as an underlay veneer immediately
beneath the face veneer in formwork plywood intended for a Class 2 surface
finish. This grade permits solid defects but restricts the size of open
imperfections, which may impair the surface quality meeting Class 2 surface
requirements.
U3 — A non-appearance grade suitable for use as an underlay veneer immediately
beneath the face veneer in formwork plywood intended for a Class 3 surface
finish. This grade permits solid defects but restricts the size of open
imperfections, which may impair the surface quality meeting Class 3 surface
requirements.
Three methods for determining the stress grade for the formwork plywood are described
using the following bases:
(a) Veneers of determined stiffness.
(b) Mechanical F-grading of formwork plywood panels.
(c) In-grade testing of formwork plywood panels.
Three bond types A, B and C are incorporated in the Standard to cover a range of bond
durability requirements for formwork plywood across a range of applications and re-use
conditions.
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5. 3 AS 6669—2007
For the design of structures or elements incorporating the use of formwork plywood
specified in this Standard, the structural grades will have characteristic strength and
stiffness values as detailed in Table 5.1. These characteristic properties are to be assigned
in accordance with the requirements of AS 1720.1, Timber structures, Part 1: Design
methods.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, where as an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance
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6. AS 6669—2007 4
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 6
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 7
1.4 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 7
1.5 GRADES OF FORMWORK PLYWOOD .................................................................. 8
1.6 DIMENSIONS AND SHAPE...................................................................................... 8
1.7 MOISTURE CONTENT.............................................................................................. 9
1.8 EDGE FINISH............................................................................................................. 9
1.9 JOINTS IN SHEETS ................................................................................................. 10
1.10 IMMUNIZATION OF LYCTID-SUSCEPTIBLE SAPWOOD ................................. 10
1.11 BRANDING .............................................................................................................. 10
SECTION 2 VENEER QUALITY
2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL VENEERS.............................................. 12
2.2 QUALITY F VENEER.............................................................................................. 12
2.3 QUALITY C VENEER ............................................................................................. 14
2.4 QUALITY D VENEER ............................................................................................. 15
2.5 NON-STANDARD VENEER QUALITIES .............................................................. 15
SECTION 3 FORMWORK PLYWOOD SURFACE QUALITY
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 16
3.2 CLASS 2 OR CLASS 3 SURFACE FINISH ............................................................. 16
3.3 CLASS 4 SURFACE FINISH.................................................................................... 17
3.4 CLASS 5 SURFACE FINISH.................................................................................... 17
SECTION 4 MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS
4.1 JOINTS IN VENEER ................................................................................................ 18
4.2 STRUCTURAL JOINTS IN FORMWORK PLYWOOD SHEETS........................... 18
4.3 BONDING ................................................................................................................ 19
4.4 ASSEMBLY OF FORMWORK PLYWOOD............................................................ 19
4.5 REQUIREMENTS FOR OVERLAYS ...................................................................... 21
SECTION 5 APPLICATION OF STRESS GRADES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
TO FORMWORK PLYWOOD PANELS
5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 22
5.2 VENEERS OF DETERMINED ELASTIC MODULUS............................................ 22
5.3 MECHANICALLY F-GRADED FORMWORK PLYWOOD SHEETS.................... 23
5.4 IN-GRADE TESTING............................................................................................... 24
5.5 CAPACITY OF FORMWORK PLYWOOD............................................................. 25
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7. 5 AS 6669—2007
APPENDICES
A STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FORMWORK PLYWOOD................................ 26
B SECTION PROPERTIES, SECOND MOMENT OF AREA (MOMENT OF
INERTIA) AND SECTION MODULUS FOR FORMWORK PLYWOOD .............. 27
C METHOD FOR MECHANICALLY F-GRADING
FORMWORK PLYWOOD PANELS........................................................................ 29
D MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD ..... 31
E INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH INQUIRIES AND ORDERS............... 32
F TEST METHODS FOR OVERLAYS ....................................................................... 33
G RECOMMENDATION FOR UNDERLAY VENEER QUALITY............................ 38
H FORMWORK PLYWOOD CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES RELATING TO
SURFACE FINISH CLASS ...................................................................................... 40
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AS 6669-2007 Plywood - Formwork