Editing is a key part of post-production that organizes images and sound to construct a narrative for the audience. Continuity editing aims to create a sense of realism through techniques like the 180-degree rule, match cuts, shot reverse shots, and eye line matches. Editing can manipulate time through temporal ellipsis and extension or use transitions like cuts, dissolves, and fades. Pace, inserts, cutaways, and cross-cutting influence the audience experience. Special effects include color filters and slow motion. Montage editing uses non-sequential shots. Overall, editing's goal is to tell a story through invisible techniques that immerse the audience.
I used this powerpoint presentation for my filmmaking workshop at the University of Bahrain and Bahrain Polytechnic. The contents of this book are from Antonio Manriquez and Thomas McCluskey's "Video Production 101: Delivering the Message."
An introduction to mise en scene, cinematography, editing and sound
for teachers attending the summer 2009
Teacher's Institute at Jacob Burns Film
Center, Pleasantville, NY.
Film Language: Camera Movements in Cinema and Film Studies. Ian Moreno-Melgar
A long PDF that has been used to introduce GCSE Film Students to the complicated process of identifying and explaining the use of camera movement. This is a fairly detailed series of slides which I have used in school for a couple of classes now. As it is a PDF the clips do not play but where possible I've used SlideShare and YouTube to embed the relevant videos which is why some images or slides may appear repeated. Included on the slide are a list of the videos referred to and used. . Similarly, as it was designed to be used in lessons the overall 'structure' is somewhat disjointed and is missing slides that includes answers or ideas that were discussed in lessons. In order to help where possible, I've included large versions of worksheets so that these can be clipped and printed out if necessary. Many thanks for taking a look and please feel free to take a look at my other uploads as you will find plenty there on other aspects of Film Studies
Fun and practical film workshop learning for teenagers and adults. The guide is designed as a presentation to teach about shot types and film language as well as a 'how to' in creating films in a workshop environment. The guide covers many technical features of film such as frame rate, 180 degree rule, lesson ideas, composition, photography and shutter speed, focal length, DOF, IOS, colour temperature, white balance and more.
Film Language: Editing explanation examples and worksheets. Ian Moreno-Melgar
A long and detailed look at what editing is in Film and how it helps to not only present a story to the audience but how it functions on a technical level. The presentation is broadly split into two areas: Pace and Transitions. Each section contains a definition, a range of examples (many of which are gifs and videos which obviously won't play on here) and some activities for students to engage with.
I used this powerpoint presentation for my filmmaking workshop at the University of Bahrain and Bahrain Polytechnic. The contents of this book are from Antonio Manriquez and Thomas McCluskey's "Video Production 101: Delivering the Message."
An introduction to mise en scene, cinematography, editing and sound
for teachers attending the summer 2009
Teacher's Institute at Jacob Burns Film
Center, Pleasantville, NY.
Film Language: Camera Movements in Cinema and Film Studies. Ian Moreno-Melgar
A long PDF that has been used to introduce GCSE Film Students to the complicated process of identifying and explaining the use of camera movement. This is a fairly detailed series of slides which I have used in school for a couple of classes now. As it is a PDF the clips do not play but where possible I've used SlideShare and YouTube to embed the relevant videos which is why some images or slides may appear repeated. Included on the slide are a list of the videos referred to and used. . Similarly, as it was designed to be used in lessons the overall 'structure' is somewhat disjointed and is missing slides that includes answers or ideas that were discussed in lessons. In order to help where possible, I've included large versions of worksheets so that these can be clipped and printed out if necessary. Many thanks for taking a look and please feel free to take a look at my other uploads as you will find plenty there on other aspects of Film Studies
Fun and practical film workshop learning for teenagers and adults. The guide is designed as a presentation to teach about shot types and film language as well as a 'how to' in creating films in a workshop environment. The guide covers many technical features of film such as frame rate, 180 degree rule, lesson ideas, composition, photography and shutter speed, focal length, DOF, IOS, colour temperature, white balance and more.
Film Language: Editing explanation examples and worksheets. Ian Moreno-Melgar
A long and detailed look at what editing is in Film and how it helps to not only present a story to the audience but how it functions on a technical level. The presentation is broadly split into two areas: Pace and Transitions. Each section contains a definition, a range of examples (many of which are gifs and videos which obviously won't play on here) and some activities for students to engage with.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Key Terms
• Continuity
• Continuity Editing (aka invisible editing)
– 180 degree rule
– Match on action (match cuts)
– Shot reverse shot
– Eye-line match
– Cross cutting (aka parallel action)
• Insert shot
• Reaction shot
• Cutaway
• Pace
• Time (temporal ellipsis and temporal extension)
• Transitions (cut, dissolve, fade and wipe)
• Montage Editing
3. EDITING - DEFINITION
EDITING IS A KEY PART OF THE POST PRODUCTION PROCESS
The stage in the story-telling process in which sound and images are
organised to construct an overall narrative.
Remember that an audience is a non-active participant who must understand
a narrative through the editing, they can only see what you show them.
Imagine a film or even a scene from a film without any editing, it would be
very interesting!
4. Transitions – The cut
• Straight cut – one frame directly after the other. Used
99% of the time.
• Jump cut – an error in continuity editing
– Ex. One frame = man sitting on chair
– Next frame = man suddenly standing up
– *sometimes this is used on purpose to create jumpy/scary
effect (ex – the ring – coming out of TV - choppy)
– BE CAREFUL – THIS ONE OF THE MOST MISUSED WORDS
IN THE EXAM.
5. Transitions – The dissolve
• Sometimes gets called a mix because the 2
frames appear to mix or dissolve into one
another.
• Usually used to signify a passing of time (and
sometimes location).
• Often confused with a fade.
6. Transitions – The fade
• The image on screen fades out (usually to a
black to screen).
• Usually used to signify a passing of time – for
example, the end of a day
• Often confused with a dissolve.
7. Transitions – The wipe
• The image on screen is wiped away by the
image that replaces it.
• Like the dissolve and the fade, can b used to
signify a passing of time.
• Not used all that often as it can be quite
noticeable and therefore can compromise
realism and continuity.
8. Continuity
• The key word in continuity is CONTINUE
• It is to make sure things are continuous
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggFKLxAQBbc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f8liieRepk&feature=related
9. Clips
• Did you notice the editing?
• NO!
• Because good editing is INVISIBLE!
10. Continuity Errors
Many things can cause continuity errors
-shots/angles
-costume/props
-lighting etc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSnCu43QzeY
What is wrong with the continuity in this clip?
11. Continuity EDITING
• Continuity Editing
The most common type of editing which aims to create a sense of reality and time moving forward.
Also known as invisible editing referring to how the technique does not draw attention to the editing process
but allows the audience to concentrate on the narrative.
Various filming rules and techniques are applied to ensure this smooth continuity.
Basically, continuity editing is so that scenes look continuous. (the flow)
Techniques/rules of continuity editing:
-180 degree rule
-match on action (match cuts)
-shot reverse shot
-eye-line match
-crosscutting or parallel editing
12. Continuity editing: 180 degree rule
• Purpose: Is to orientate the viewer, to establish the
placement of characters.
• Breaking the rule makes it appear that the characters
have changed positions.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdyyuqmCW14
14. Continuity editing: match on action
1 ACTION = MULTIPLE SHOTS
• Is multiple cuts to show one continuous action.
• Match on action is part of invisible editing which creates flow when watching a scene.
• The cuts MATCH together so that the audience know it is one action.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMx-Az5Da4M Think of how many match cuts there are!
• .
15. Continuity editing: shot reverse shot
• Shot reverse shot is when a shot goes from shot A, shot B, shot A, shot B etc.
• It goes continuously back and forth between the 2 shots to show there is a
connection between them
• It is often used in conversations so you see what both characters are saying
• Imagine if a conversation was just 1 shot of character A and you didn’t see
character B’s face at all?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JauH_EKpaY
16. Continuity editing: eye-line match
Shot A: character is looking off screen
Shot B: what character is looking at
Is a following shot that follows what character is looking at, makes cuts smoother the audience expects
the cut to happen and is eager to see what happens next/what character sees.
Example,
a) A person’s phone rings, she turns and looks in direction of phone
b) Close up shot of phone ringing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KtVKu9CfDA&feature=relmfu
• This is eye-line match because of the cards she is looking at.
Her looking at cards her looking at cards
17. Continuity editing: cross cutting
• Technique of continuously alternating 2 or more scenes that often happen
simultaneously (at same time) but in different locations.
• As they cross, pace gradually gets faster and fast and tension builds
• Often the parallel scenes will intersect to create a climax.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ts1x6uADFtM2
• -2 scenes: a) FBI director (outside house) b) criminal (inside house)
• What is unique/different about this scene? How has cross cutting been used different? (What is it’s intention upon
the audience?)
18. Cross cutting example
Busted! Climax
(2 scene collide)
A (3pm)
B (3pm)
A (315pm)
B (315pm)
A (330pm)B (330pm)A (3:33pm)B (3:33pm)
19. Continuity editing: insert shot
• In film, an insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length
from the master shot (original/establishing shot). Inserts cover action already covered in the master shot,
but emphasize a different aspect of that action due to the different framing.
• An insert differs from a cutaway as cutaways cover action not covered in the master shot.
Example
– CLOSE-UP of the gunfighter,
– INSERT of his hand quivering above the holster,
– TWO SHOT of his friends watching anxiously,
– INSERT of the clock ticking.
• Inserts and cutaways can both be tricky for directors, as care must be taken to
preserve continuity by keeping the objects in the same relative position as in the main take, and
having the lighting the same.
Insert Insert
20. Pace
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hxOoM0-NJI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZZ60jrw6cg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1JsC1ur2X8
TYPE OF PACE Effects
SLOW -to make slow/calm/still
-little number of shots/cuts which are long
-to make audience calm or bored (perhaps to pay attention to detail or to emphasize emotion)
MEDIUM -to make normal and comfortable
-average number shots/cuts which are medium time which could show realism
FAST -to make intense, exciting and thrilling
-lots of shots/cuts which are short
-to make audience tense/excited
Which pace for each clip?
How is this pace created?
Why is this pace created?
21. Manipulating time through editing
• Editing can control the time it takes to tell the
story or to show a part of the story.
• Temporal ellipsis – shrinking of time. E.g. Shot 1 –
man gets out of bed in the morning. Shot 2- man
has breakfast. Shot 3 – man boards train. Shot 4 –
man arrives at work.
• Temporal extension – extending time. Usually
used to dramatise a significant event. Slow
motion or a montage of shots showing the same
event again and again.
22. Manipulating time through editing
• Flash backs – used to show the audience
significant events from the past which can
help to explain a character’s views or
motivations.
• Flash forwards – foreshadow later events in
the story.
23. Time allocation
• Remember the audience will not see everything,
things are edited in order they get to see what is
important.
– Who/what has most time on screen? Why?
– Who/what has little time on screen and why?
– *link to representation/stereotype
– *link to placement (shots/angles) where are characters placed in the
scene? Are they in the middle of the screen or hidden in a corner or
behind other people?
– Think of the fast and furious chase scene = who has the most/little time? Why?
24. Special Effects
• B&w –often used to show memory or time period
• Contrast – to altar the lighting (or contrast = very light lights and dark darks sometimes with
memories
• Colour - to add a colour filter to show a specific mood
Example ‘The ring’ – many scenes are very blue-ish, which show sterile/coldness etc.
• Animation – titles of shows or cartoons
• CGI – computer generated images (example = avatar, planet of apes, polar express)
• Fast forward/slow motion – speeding up or slowing down footage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIK4Uf9NhJA (fast)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QrlPmK4B94 (slow)
• Ghost trail – see multiple actions (overlapped) to show someone drunk or on drugs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5xkFN-pOJc (ghost trail) ….. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XI3bnkWD0Fg (hallucination when stung by bee at 2:06)
• Blur – to show un-clarity, or fuzzy memory/flashback (bee sting scene – some is blurry when Peeta coming)
25. Montage editing
• Montage editing is a series of shots that are not in sequential order,
continuous or relate to each other.
• It is just like pieces of the puzzle, often used in trailers, TV openings (the show
credits/opening)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBNnHlqO4cs
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhQHlCaSR_w
26. Other good videos
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1japIhKU9I filming techniques
• Any technique/rule = search in youtube, you can learn about so many!
27. Key Terms
• Continuity
• Continuity Editing
– 180 degree rule
– Match on action
– Shot reverse shot
– Eyeline match
– Cross cutting
• Insert shot
• Cutaway
• Pace
• Time
• Transitions
– Straight cutting
– Dissolve
– Wipe
– Fade in/fade out
• Special Effects
– CGI
– B&W
– Blur
– Fast forward/slow motion
• Montage Editing
• *jump cut
GREEN
Terms I am
confident with
AMBER
Terms I am ok
with
RED
Terms I am
confused about
28. REVISION Homework
• Set: Tues Oct 22
• Due: Thur Oct 25
• 1. Revise the terms ONCE TWICE THREE TIMES (20-30 mins)
• Revise by:
• A) reading over the powerpoint
• B) writing out the key terms and meanings in blue exam book
• C) finding evidence/videos and putting on blog (explain how it is that
clip)