This study is to highlight the hassles being struggled by the industry in view of the compliance requirement focusing theimpact of the requirement of prior approval from the Central Govt. under Section 297 of the Indian Companies Act 1956. The impact of the said section on the industrial development is evaluated in this study based on the core issue of opportunity cost involved in this regard.
The Islamic Rural Bank (IRB) Bumi Rinjani Kepanjen is a financial institution that has Sharia
principles in carrying out its activities conventionally. In improving the development of financial institutions, it
is necessary to assess the company's financial performance. Thus, researchers want to know how the financial
performance of IRB Bumi Rinjani Kepanjen during the 2016-2020 period.
This study aims to analyse the impact of external factors and internal factors on the risk factors of
regional development bank. Sample used in this study is regional development banks in Indonesia in the period
of 2015 โ 2019.
Corporate Disclosure benchmarking report of BSE200 companies on mandatory and voluntary disclosure standards, to help investors, board members, CFOs, IROs and executives evaluate disclosure practices amongst India's leading listed companies.
Theory related to to Industrial Relation .
Three main Machinery of Industrial Relation Conciliation, Arbitration, Adjudication.
Along with few detail on Lock-out and Strike
The Islamic Rural Bank (IRB) Bumi Rinjani Kepanjen is a financial institution that has Sharia
principles in carrying out its activities conventionally. In improving the development of financial institutions, it
is necessary to assess the company's financial performance. Thus, researchers want to know how the financial
performance of IRB Bumi Rinjani Kepanjen during the 2016-2020 period.
This study aims to analyse the impact of external factors and internal factors on the risk factors of
regional development bank. Sample used in this study is regional development banks in Indonesia in the period
of 2015 โ 2019.
Corporate Disclosure benchmarking report of BSE200 companies on mandatory and voluntary disclosure standards, to help investors, board members, CFOs, IROs and executives evaluate disclosure practices amongst India's leading listed companies.
Theory related to to Industrial Relation .
Three main Machinery of Industrial Relation Conciliation, Arbitration, Adjudication.
Along with few detail on Lock-out and Strike
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
โTo provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovationโ.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customerโs aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Research proposal contract_labour_law_sample_workTutors India
ย
At Tutors India, we offer research proposal writing service, where you can relax and remain stress-free given that work being handled by an experienced researcher. Our writers have experience in research methodology, industry experience, and educational degrees from international and top-ranked universities from India, the US, and the UK.
Abstract:- This study aims to determine the effect of Good Corporate Governance mechanism and Financial Performance on firm value in banking companies. The method used in this research is research method of descriptive associative. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regressions, processed by using SPSS program version 23. The results obtained are partially there is a negative influence of Good Corporate Governance mechanism (independent board of commissioner, institutional ownership, and audit committee) on the value of the company and there is positive influence profitability (ROE) on firm value. While simultaneously, there is influence together mechanism of Good Corporate Governance and profitability to company value. The suggestion is that companies should consider the implementation of Good Corporate Governance and to measure the company's financial performance can use other measurements such as ROA and NPM. While to measure the company's value can also use other measurements such as Price Earnings Ratio (PER) or Tobin's Q.
Trend Analysis Of FII and Impact on SENSEX -2015 (Yearly Analysis)Piyush Patidar
ย
โฆ To study the trends and patterns of foreign capital flow into India in the form of FIIs.
โฆ To find relation between FIIs & Sensex.
โฆ To examine whether FIIs have any influence on SENSEX.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
Financial Statement Analysis With The Help of Ratios (Suyesh Metel Pressing p...Avinash Labade
ย
If any have Need Project Report please call +919011888598 and I will provide only Word File.
and
Project Cost is Rs 500/- Per Project
Send Me Payment Phone Pay or Google Pay
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovationโ.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
โข Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
โข Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
โข Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
โข Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
โข NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
โข GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabledโs Club of India)
โข NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
โข 5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
A full package professional guide with the added skill of financial expertise, regulatory and procedural compliance excellence are fitted for the role of mentoring the budding Agri-preneurs. They may seek the assistance of such professionals/experts in terms of guiding through compliance procedure, financial management and strategies, attracting investors with well business plan, so that they can freely focus upon the core business planning. The experts may help in understanding what type of skills entrepreneurs need at each stage of a mentoring relationship, that is, initiation, cultivation, separation, and redefinition stage.
A Presentation on Bajaj Finance, consisting of Company Overview, Leadership, Share-holding pattern, Swot Analysis, Competition Analysis, Conclusion & A way forward.
This presentation contains all the details regarding new improvements in Doing Business in India 2018. The data is taken from various news articles and Ease of Doing business 2018 world bank Report. I am ready to send detailed report along with conclusion on Ease of doing business at Attractive price..
Following are the references used in report:
1 World Bank, Doing Business Report 2018, October 2017
2 Doing Business website: http://www.doingbusiness.org
3 live mint, 2017, Matthew Lillehaugen and Milan Vaishnav: Doing business in India: myths and realities
4 Hindustan Times, October 31, 2017, P Suchetana Ray and Asit Ranjan Mishra, India jumps into top 100 in World Bankโs ease of doing business rankings
5 Hindustan Times, 1 Nov, 2017, P Suchetana Ray and Moushumi Das Gupta, Ease of doing business: How India improved its ranking.
ITR E FILING PROJECT REPORT TO SPA CAPITALAnkit Rautela
ย
THIS REPORT I HAVE PREPARED WHEN I WAS RESEARCHING TECHNICAL ISSUES OCCUR WHEN ANY ONE FILES IT THROUGH INTERNET, MY FIELD AREA IS WIPRO LIT NEW DELHI.
The lower place India has as a destination for business investments in India, necessitated overhaul of the existing systems. Make in India campaign, also warranted reforms to make industry structures flexible and employees more productive. While industry associations demand removal of restriction on hiring and firing, reduction of pressures on compensation, bonus and social security, and continuity in operations without strike, union leaders are demanding protection to contract labour, continuation of social security benefits and payment of bonus and freedom to oppose erring employers. Besides central government, state governments like Rajasthan and Maharashtra have announced a slew of reforms in relation to Factories act, Contract Labour act and Industrial disputes act. The approach of the governments is termed by political parties and labour unions anti-labour. There is a demand to involve stakeholders in the process of reforms.
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
โTo provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovationโ.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customerโs aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Research proposal contract_labour_law_sample_workTutors India
ย
At Tutors India, we offer research proposal writing service, where you can relax and remain stress-free given that work being handled by an experienced researcher. Our writers have experience in research methodology, industry experience, and educational degrees from international and top-ranked universities from India, the US, and the UK.
Abstract:- This study aims to determine the effect of Good Corporate Governance mechanism and Financial Performance on firm value in banking companies. The method used in this research is research method of descriptive associative. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regressions, processed by using SPSS program version 23. The results obtained are partially there is a negative influence of Good Corporate Governance mechanism (independent board of commissioner, institutional ownership, and audit committee) on the value of the company and there is positive influence profitability (ROE) on firm value. While simultaneously, there is influence together mechanism of Good Corporate Governance and profitability to company value. The suggestion is that companies should consider the implementation of Good Corporate Governance and to measure the company's financial performance can use other measurements such as ROA and NPM. While to measure the company's value can also use other measurements such as Price Earnings Ratio (PER) or Tobin's Q.
Trend Analysis Of FII and Impact on SENSEX -2015 (Yearly Analysis)Piyush Patidar
ย
โฆ To study the trends and patterns of foreign capital flow into India in the form of FIIs.
โฆ To find relation between FIIs & Sensex.
โฆ To examine whether FIIs have any influence on SENSEX.
Dear students get fully solved assignments
Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
or
call us at : 08263069601
Financial Statement Analysis With The Help of Ratios (Suyesh Metel Pressing p...Avinash Labade
ย
If any have Need Project Report please call +919011888598 and I will provide only Word File.
and
Project Cost is Rs 500/- Per Project
Send Me Payment Phone Pay or Google Pay
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovationโ.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
โข Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
โข Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
โข Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
โข Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
โข NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
โข GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabledโs Club of India)
โข NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
โข 5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
A full package professional guide with the added skill of financial expertise, regulatory and procedural compliance excellence are fitted for the role of mentoring the budding Agri-preneurs. They may seek the assistance of such professionals/experts in terms of guiding through compliance procedure, financial management and strategies, attracting investors with well business plan, so that they can freely focus upon the core business planning. The experts may help in understanding what type of skills entrepreneurs need at each stage of a mentoring relationship, that is, initiation, cultivation, separation, and redefinition stage.
A Presentation on Bajaj Finance, consisting of Company Overview, Leadership, Share-holding pattern, Swot Analysis, Competition Analysis, Conclusion & A way forward.
This presentation contains all the details regarding new improvements in Doing Business in India 2018. The data is taken from various news articles and Ease of Doing business 2018 world bank Report. I am ready to send detailed report along with conclusion on Ease of doing business at Attractive price..
Following are the references used in report:
1 World Bank, Doing Business Report 2018, October 2017
2 Doing Business website: http://www.doingbusiness.org
3 live mint, 2017, Matthew Lillehaugen and Milan Vaishnav: Doing business in India: myths and realities
4 Hindustan Times, October 31, 2017, P Suchetana Ray and Asit Ranjan Mishra, India jumps into top 100 in World Bankโs ease of doing business rankings
5 Hindustan Times, 1 Nov, 2017, P Suchetana Ray and Moushumi Das Gupta, Ease of doing business: How India improved its ranking.
ITR E FILING PROJECT REPORT TO SPA CAPITALAnkit Rautela
ย
THIS REPORT I HAVE PREPARED WHEN I WAS RESEARCHING TECHNICAL ISSUES OCCUR WHEN ANY ONE FILES IT THROUGH INTERNET, MY FIELD AREA IS WIPRO LIT NEW DELHI.
The lower place India has as a destination for business investments in India, necessitated overhaul of the existing systems. Make in India campaign, also warranted reforms to make industry structures flexible and employees more productive. While industry associations demand removal of restriction on hiring and firing, reduction of pressures on compensation, bonus and social security, and continuity in operations without strike, union leaders are demanding protection to contract labour, continuation of social security benefits and payment of bonus and freedom to oppose erring employers. Besides central government, state governments like Rajasthan and Maharashtra have announced a slew of reforms in relation to Factories act, Contract Labour act and Industrial disputes act. The approach of the governments is termed by political parties and labour unions anti-labour. There is a demand to involve stakeholders in the process of reforms.
โIndian Agriculture: A Fresh Approach Towards Green Revolution 2.0โIOSR Journals
ย
The agriculture sector which employs more than 55% of the country workforce whereas share of agriculture and allied sector to total GDP is 14.1% (2011-12). The farm sector achieved 3.6% growth during the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-12), falling short of the 4% growth target, although it was much higher than growth of 2.5 and 2.4% during 9th and 10th plan respectively. Thus, the sector needs urgent reforms to boost crop yields and private investment in infrastructure so as to motivate farmers and feed the growing population. At the latest Economic Survey (2012-13) points out that โIndia is at a juncture where further reforms are urgently required to achieve greater efficiency and productivity in agriculture for sustaining growth. There is a need to have stable and consistent policies where markets play a deserving role and private investment in infrastructure is stepped up. An efficient supply chaim that firmly establishes the linkage between retail demand and the farmer will be importantโ
Combination Review in India: A Mid-year Review (Part I) - K.K. SharmaKK SHARMA LAW OFFICES
ย
In this two-part article, the first part of which appears here, the author, the chief
architect behind the review format of Merger Review in India, takes a look at the
performance of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) in handling the
regulations of combinations (merger review) in India and how does it compare
with international standards. The stark contrast between the anxious reactions
before the regulations of combinations came into force and the deafening silence,
even after 19 approvals have been given by the CCI, has also been briefly touched
upon. The next part, to follow, shall deal with the lessons arising from the
journey of merger control in India so far.
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS PROSPECTS: INDIAN BANKS STUDYpaperpublications3
ย
Abstract:This research paper looks at Mergers and Acquisitions (M&Aโs) that have happened in Indian banking sector to understand the resulting synergies and the long term implications of the merger. The paper also analyses emerging future trends and recommends steps that banks should consider for future. The paper reviews the trends in M&Aโs in Indian banking and then impact of M&Aโs has been studied in three leading banks of India. The study covers the area of performance evaluation of M&Aโs in Indian banking sector during the period from 2000 to 2013. The paper compares pre and post merger financial performance of merged banks with the help of financial parameters like, Net Profit margin, operating Profit margin, Return on Capital Employed, Return on Equity, earnings per share, capital adequacy ratio, dividend per share etc. The findings suggest that to some extent M&Aโs has been successful in Indian banking sector. The Government and Policy makers should not promote merger between strong and distressed banks as a way to promote the interest of the depositors of distressed banks, as it will have adverse effect upon the asset quality of the stronger banks.
Running head: TUFS 1
TUFS 2
Abstract
The Technical Underwriting Financial System (TUFS), any information technology project needs a worth assessments. This quality assessment is planned to help business leaders to measure the conceivable benefits and risks. ย On account of TUFS, a portion of the expected advantage includes financial savings related with efficiency and e-business capacities. In this case the organization had not made utilization of e-business two years after it was released. This may lead to IT failure, yet it might be like a communication failure among those in charge of company strategy.
The foreseen advantage represents actual desires, which for this situation donโt appear to have been defined by IT or business partners.ย It would be interesting to ask how the projects fit into organization technique. One reason is imperative that the benefits specified are strategic in nature. As it were enhanced proficiency and e-business may be great business strategies, yet without a clear system, itโs hard to say how these elements would give the organization preference.
1.Should Northern have invested in TUFS?
There are more advantages that are connected with Northern insurance investment in TUFS, Northern must put resources into TUFS. In accordance with the administration should likewise enhance from numerous point of view, for example: All the groups should cooperate and help one another to advantage the business, mainly technical group and should cooperate with underwriting group.
There should be proper training plans which should be arranged well to explain new system utilization. Underwriting group should be set to help them in technical part of the system.
2.What went wrong with the TUFS investment and what can be done to prevent these problems in the future?
Technical Underwriting Financial System was the greatest expense in IT by the northern insurance company. They faced the challenges in initial couple of months and the group discovered hard to complete it. The concerns are connected with the viability and the upcoming prospects for the first rate development in underwriting process. Then it is converted over into the key business coinage quarry. TUFS had the income and resources from Northern and to guarantee the meeting structure. They were not in condition that they can save money that is assigned to the project. The meeting between Martin and CFO of the Northern is about significant investment of the system. ย They discussed about the issue in the project asked to rise the expenditure of $4 million. The main reason is the framework didnโt match the underwriting needs as it is lacking in support. As it is a new project for the employees they couldnโt speed up the work in the tight schedules and pressure. For e-business functionalities are foreground in order to reduce the problems they should concentrate on the root level functions. The Underwriting requirements should satisfied with different ...
Quantitative Analysis on Financial Performance of Merger and Acquisition of I...IJAEMSJORNAL
ย
In general, Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) are becoming more common around the world as a way to strengthen companies by raising their profile, diversifying their portfolios to reduce business risks, expanding into new markets and topographies, and exploiting economies of scale, among other things The information analysis identified by all five financial metrics, such as ROI, will provide data about profitability, liquidity, leverage, and efficiency using all seventeen ratios. T-Test is a cumulative analysis that is typically examined in detail using factual research methods that are linked to all seventeen proportions. The general analysis of financial performance and the overall scientific theory of outcomes complete the final section. Since the analyst is unable to conduct the exam on a full scale, it was done on a miniature scale. The study community includes a wide range of organisations with a wide range of business operations and unusual business practises.
Mergers_ Tool to Survive the Second Wave of Covid19 3.pdfmyLawyerAdvise
ย
One of the main objectives of an entity is GOING CONCERN. Many business organisations shut down as a result of covid due to lack of resources in operating their routine transactions. The most suitable solution for small scale businesses post covid is merger. Mergers will lead to expansion of resources, retention of employment, fund rotation, adequate balance of demand and supply etc. As the firms emerge from the pandemic, mergers would be the best way to come out of the financial stress for small businesses. It will help leaders gain economies of scale or at least the potential to run more efficiently. Once the economy recovers and accelerates out of recession, the small businesses can take advantage of the environment to execute its strategic acquisition agenda and to position the business to exceed industry-average growth. Mergers are a great way to lock down your business and create job opportunities, allowing customers to access your products and services. It will be a mutually beneficial situation
A study of formalisation of human resource management practices in gujarat [w...WriteKraft Dissertations
ย
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission:
To provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovationโ.
Vision:
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customer's aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
Our Achievements:
NATIONAL AWARD FOR BEST RESEARCH PROJECT (By Hon. President APJ Abdul Kalam)
GOLD MEDAL FOR RESEARCH ON DISABILITY (By Disabledโs Club of India)
NOMINATED FOR BEST MSME AWARDS 2017
5 STAR RATING ON GOOGLE
We have PhD experts from reputed institutions/ organizations like Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and many more apex education institutions in India. Our works are tailored and drafted as per your requirements and are totally unique.
From past years our core advisory members, research team assisted research scholars from various universities from all corners of world.
Subjects/Areas We Cover:
Management, Commerce, Finance, Marketing, Psychology, Education, Sociology, Mass communications, English Literature, English Language, Law, History, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Pharmacy & Healthcare.
A study of formalisation of human resource management practices in gujaratWriteKraft Dissertations
ย
Writekraft Research and Publications LLP was initially formed, informally, in 2006 by a group of scholars to help fellow students. Gradually, with several dissertations, thesis and assignments receiving acclaim and a good grade, Writekraft was officially founded in 2011 . Since its establishment, Writekraft Research & Publications LLP is Guiding and Mentoring PhD Scholars.
Our Mission
โTo provide breakthrough research works to our clients through Perseverant efforts towards creativity and innovationโ.
Vision
Writekraft endeavours to be the leading global research and publications company that will fulfil all research needs of our clients. We will achieve this vision through:
Analyzing every customerโs aims, objectives and purpose of research
Using advanced and latest tools and technique of research and analysis
Coordinating and including their own ideas and knowledge
Providing the desired inferences and results of the research
In the past decade, we have successfully assisted students from various universities in India and globally. We at Writekraft Research & Publications LLP head office in Kanpur, India are most trusted and professional Research, Writing, Guidance and Publication Service Provider for PhD. Our services meet all your PhD Admissions, Thesis Preparation and Research Paper Publication needs with highest regards for the quality you prefer.
A study of formalisation of human resource management practices in gujarat [w...WriteKraft Dissertations
ย
We started this Academic Writing Help in the year 2011.Writekraft Research & Publication: www.writekraft.com 1000s of students have graduated across the globe from our in-depth research.
We help students with the following services:
1. Thesis Writing (from 50 pages and above)
2. Dissertation writing
3. Research Writing for Publishing
4. Data Analysis
5. Research Proposal Writing
6. Study Plan
7. Plagiarism Report
Contact us at admin@writekraft.com OR call us on +917753818181, +919838033084
The charges are fair and we allow negotiations as per the studentโs budget. You can also inbox me for more direction.
A detailed perspective of the background, the present functioning and the future possibilities of the merger control regime in India as it unfolds with the passage of time by the architect of merger control in India.
Regulatory Reforms Needed for Ease of Doing Business in India - Viewpoint PaperCUTS International
ย
Despite Indiaโs recent leapfrogging from the 130th to 100th position in the World Bankโs Doing Business Rankings, the countryโs present business regulatory environment has significant potential to improve. Many committees have undertaken various studies at the instance of the Government to aid the โEase of Doing Business (EoDB)โ in the country.
This ViewPoint Paper aims to provide an insight into the findings of some of these committees by compiling their relevant recommendations aimed to promote โbetter regulationโ.
Similar to Evaluation Of Indian Companies Act 1956- Is It Capable Enough To Accelerate The Engine OF Growth (20)
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
ย
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
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Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
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RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
ย
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
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Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
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Evaluation Of Indian Companies Act 1956- Is It Capable Enough To Accelerate The Engine OF Growth
1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 11, Issue 1 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 48-53
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 48 | Page
Evaluation Of Indian Companies Act 1956- Is It Capable Enough
To Accelerate The Engine OF Growth?
VijayanKalleriParambath, Dr .Sybila Pius Fernandez
Research Scholar, Dept. of CommerceBharathiar University, Tamil Nadu (Rgd no: R-PhD-E-2009-1078)
(Research Guide, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu)
Associate Professor, Dept. of Commerce, St .Xavierโs College for Women, Aluva, Kerala
Abstract: This study is to highlight the hassles being struggled by the industry in view of the
compliance requirement focusing theimpact of the requirement of prior approval from the Central
Govt. under Section 297 of the Indian Companies Act 1956. The impact of the said section on the
industrial development is evaluated in this study based on the core issue of opportunity cost involved
in this regard.
I. Introduction:
The Company legislation in India has closely followed the Company Legislation in England. The first
legislative enactment for registration ofjoint stock companies was passed inthe year 1850 which was based on
the English Companies Act, 1844.
After passing several Acts subsequently, Govt of independent India appointed a committee under the
Chairmanship of Sri H C .Bhaba to do into the entire question of the revision of the Indian Companies Act, with
particular reference to its bearing on the development of Indian Trade&Industry.This Committee examined a
large number of witnesses in different parts of the country and submitted its report in March 1952. Based largely
on therecommendations of the Company Law Committee a bill to enact the present legislationviz: Companies
Act, 1956 was introduced in parliament. This Act, once again largely followed the English Companies Act
1948.
Though Companies Act covered various aspects of trade and industry to accelerate its growth the said
act was not fully conducive to the requirement of the Indian Industry as it largely depending on the situations
prevailing in England. There arevarioussections in the said Act creating hurdles in the development of Industry.
This Study explains one particular section of Indian Companies Act 1956 ie Section 297 in differentdimensions:
Interested Transactions in a Company.( Sec 297 of the Act)
Majority Indian Companies are family managed Companies and they are managing the same by
constituting subsidiaries at different levels. In view of this particular arrangement one business family may
constitute several small companies to expand their business in different dimensions .Hence there will be
common Directors all round and they arrange the Business in such a way as to ensure the proper supply chain in
an uninterrupted manner. In other words there will be transactions of buying and selling between the sister
companies. Actually this is only a proper resource management which is one of the bases of the growth story of
Indian Corporate.
According to Sec 297 of the Indian Companies Act prior permission of Central Govt. is required in the
event a company is entering into any contract with another company wherein any director is interested in the
other company.
Section 297 of the Indian Companies Act states that : 108
โ In the case of a company having paid up
capital of not less than rupees one Crore, no contract falling within the purview of subsection (1) of section 297
shall be entered into except with the previous approval of the Central Govt. vide proviso to subsection (1)
which was inserted by the Companies( Amendment) act 1974 with effect from 1-2-1975โ.
What these interested transactions are-
A contract between two companies is considered as interested contract or interested transaction under
the following circumstances.-
๏ท When there are common Directors in both the companies.
๏ท Both the Companies are not public Limited companies.
๏ท The paid up capital of any one company involved in the contract is Rs. 1 Crore or more.
2. Evaluation Of Indian Companies Act 1956- Is It Capable Enough To Accelerate The Engine Of
www.iosrjournals.org 49 | Page
Section 297 of the Companies Act envisaged prior approval from the Regional Director, Department of
Corporate Affairs to commence any contract work thatcomes under the orbit of said section or interested
transactions.
Sachar Committee set up for proposing amendment in the Companies Act had taken up the issue many
times and recommended todelete thesame in view of the fact thatthe said provision is not satisfying any
regulatory objectives.
The issues involved in the above regulation can be categorized as Opportunity cost, Cost of
escalation. Infringement of constitutional right and Loss of credibility / Goodwill. This study explains the core
issue come under Section 297 of the Act which is categorised as Opportunity cost.
Opportunity Cost
Application once submitted can be cleared after consuming 3 โ 6 monthsโ time from Regional Director,
Dept. of Corporate Affairs and its present office is situated in Chennai for Kerala and Hyderabad for other
southern states.Since 80% of the Indian Companies are managed by business families and most of their
investment arestructured in the form of Holding- Subsidiary format.
There are common directorships in many of their units and inter Company transactions are
indispensable. For instance: A company which is engaged in the field of Textiles. There are different stages in
the process of cloth making like Spinning, Weaving, Printing, and Marketingetc. In each stage acute supervision
with latest technology is required to ensure the economy and quality in every process. Hence business people
may prefer to form each company for taking up each process with specialisation under the same ownership of a
person.
There are inter-company transactions between the said companies to coordinate the output in each
process. The finished goods of one unit may be the raw material of another unit. When there is provision for
prior approval to take up the above transactions it will create a lot of delay in the business transactions. So the
present requirement is more or less time consuming without yielding any fruit in view of the regulatory
requirements and the opportunity cost involved in this regard is huge. In Hotel Industry booking of Business
would bedone in one year advance.
If there is a delay of 6 Months entire business taken will be lost and has to wait one more year to get
the new booking. Unfortunately statutory administrators are not bothering these kinds of problems involved in
the industry. A delay of one day may create a corresponding delay of 30 days at the end of the last lap and
therefore a delay of each day is also very crucial in case of project execution . A study is conducted in 30
companies who are the respondents to the survey based on a Questionnaire to evaluate the impact of section 297
of the Act and the core issue involved in this regard ie Opportunity cost.
Objective Of The Study:
1. To Examine and identify the areas where the reforms are required in the Indian Companies Act 1956.
2. To Evaluate and analyse the prime factor viz: Opportunity cost pursuant to Section 297 of the Indian
Companies Act.
3. To make recommendations based on the study.
Hypothesis
To test whether the sample information that we observe holds for the population or really the level of
agreement regarding the opportunity cost among the respondents are medium or high we formulate the
following Hypothesis.
H1: The Level of agreement regarding the opportunity cost among the respondents is high.
II. Methodology
The Study has been descriptive and analytical in nature based on a survey method .Primary and
Secondary data are used for the purpose of study. For primary information, a sample of 30 Companies across the
state of Kerala has been selected at random for the purpose of study.Questionnaire method consisting of Linkert
method of five point scale has been administered for the collection of data from respondents.
The respondents duly expressed their opinion by stating any one of the five point scale such as
strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree and strongly disagree. The data has been processed with the help of
SPSS package software. In further analysis these qualitative grades areconverted intoquantitative terms by using
suitable statistical techniques. These include percentages, frequency distribution and โtโ test for testing of
Hypothesis.
The feedback of the respondents are summarised in the following frequency table.
3. Evaluation Of Indian Companies Act 1956- Is It Capable Enough To Accelerate The Engine Of
www.iosrjournals.org 50 | Page
Frequency Table
Q1
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Strongly agree 1 3.3 3.3 3.3
Agree 1 3.3 3.3 6.7
Disagree 15 50.0 50.0 56.7
Strongly disagree 13 43.3 43.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Table-1
As stated, Questionnaire prepared was Linkers five point scale to obtain the feedback of respondent in a minute
level. As per the above table depending up on the nature of question they are supporting the view that the
provision of previous approval, pursuant to section 297 of the companies Act , is adversely affecting their
activities in a big way represented in the table above 90%.
Q_2
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Agree 2 6.7 6.7 6.7
Undecided 1 3.3 3.3 10.0
Disagree 17 56.7 56.7 66.7
Strongly disagree 10 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Table-2
Q_3
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Strongly agree 1 3.3 3.3 3.3
Agree 8 26.7 26.7 30.0
Undecided 6 20.0 20.0 50.0
Disagree 10 33.3 33.3 83.3
Strongly disagree 5 16.7 16.7 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Table-3
Q_4
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Strongly agree 1 3.3 3.3 3.3
Agree 1 3.3 3.3 6.7
Undecided 5 16.7 16.7 23.3
Disagree 14 46.7 46.7 70.0
Strongly disagree 9 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Table-4
Based on the questions asked large majority has responded that they are supporting the view of corrective
actions required with regard to the requirement of previous approval under section 297 of the Indian Companies
Act 1956. Out of the four questions in all the three cases the positive response is above 70% which vindicated
the above view.
4. Evaluation Of Indian Companies Act 1956- Is It Capable Enough To Accelerate The Engine Of
www.iosrjournals.org 51 | Page
RANKING OF FEEDBACK
OPPORTUNITY COST
Mean Std. Deviation Mean %
score
Rank
Q_1
4.27 .91 85.33% 1
Q_2
4.17 0.79 83.33% 2
Q_3 3.33 1.15 66.67%
4
Q_4 3.93 1.08 78.67% 3
Table-5
Questions pertaining to the factor opportunity cost which is the prime adverse factor in view of section 297 of
the Indian Companies Act is carrying overwhelming response from respondents with first ranking at 85.33%
Mean score and even 4th
rank is carrying a response level of 66.67%. This indicates that respondents are
straining a lot in view of the prior approval provision of the said section of Indian Companies Act.
In order to find out the Group frequency the factor, Opportunity cost the study divided them into three level
based on their score of the variables. Those people who scores is less than 50% of the maximum possible score
is considered as low level and the score between 50% to 75% is considered as medium level and the
respondents whoโs score greater than 75% is grouped into the high group. The number and percentage of the
respondents belong to the opportunity cost group corresponding to the variables is given below.
Opportunity cost-group
Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per
cent
Valid
Low 1 3.3 3.3 3.3
Medium 11 36.7 36.7 40.0
High 18 60.0 60.0 100.0
Total 30 100.0 100.0
Table-6
Table-7
On the basisof the above table 60% level of agreement is there which is considered the high rate indicating that
out of the 30 respondents 60% are supporting the view that the provision of previous approval is creating a lot
of difficulties to the industries and due to which the growth is affected severely.
0
10
20
Low Medium High
1
11
18
Opportunity cost-group
Low Medium High
5. Evaluation Of Indian Companies Act 1956- Is It Capable Enough To Accelerate The Engine Of
www.iosrjournals.org 52 | Page
To find out the level of agreement among the respondents regarding the Opportunity cost the following
feedback is used:
Mean Std.
Deviation
Mean %
Score
t df P vslue
Total 15.70 2.97 78.50% 6.817 29
<0.001
Table -8
The level of agreement is quantitatively expressed in terms of Mean Score. To test whether the sample
information that we observe in the above tables holds for the population or really the level of agreement
regarding the opportunity cost among the respondents are medium or it is high, we had formulated the following
hypothesis.
H1: The Level of agreement regarding the opportunity cost among the respondents is High
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ร 100
๐๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐
From the above table the mean % score of the level of agreement regarding the opportunity cost among the
respondents is78.50% which shows that level of agreement regarding the opportunity cost among the
respondents is high and hence the hypothesis is accepted as correct.
Testing of Hypothesis:
To test the above hypothesis we use one sample t test and the result is exhibited in the above table .The
calculated value of โtโ is 6.817 which is found to be greater than the tabulated value of 1.699, so the test is
significant. Hence we can conclude that the mean percentage score of the level of agreement regarding the
opportunity cost among the respondents is high.
During 1991 massive modification were introduced in various economic legislations and this has
created a wide range of growth in terms of GDP, Foreign exchange reserve etc. To start removing unnecessary
provisions is a big task in Indian scenario as most of the statutes were not developed in Indiansociety and
thereby we are unaware of its significance or impact or requirement. Therefore the convenient strategy pursued
by the enforcement Authorities is to keep the same without digging in it. At the same time they are not bothering
about the damage which is being created by these provisos to the country in terms of growth as well as investors
morale.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The legal requirement to obtain prior approval under Section 297 of the Indian Companies Act has
created grave difficult situation to the industry in diversified manure.
The response to the survey is very overwhelming as large majority expressed their undisputed positive
opinion underlining that they are all suffering acutely in view of these restrictions. All the 30 respondents are
limited Companies and are liable to comply the requirements indicated in the said section.
The various aspects involved in the subject have been evaluated in a diversified manner and all which
have impact in the functioning of industry and in turn on the economic development.
Opportunity cost involved in the issue has been evaluated through asurvey and its response is very
positive and the Mean Score % for the said study has come up to 78.50 which is a clear indication of their
mandate. This situation will have counter effects and justice delayed will end up in justice denial which is not
desirable to the country.
The problems stated in the study are relevant and attention of the respective authorities are required urgently to
redress the issued involved in this regard.
III. Conclusion:
The study is initiated to identify and locate the unwarranted restrictions in economic legislations which
are highly affecting the corporate freedom and thereby the growth of the country. The method of analysis and
the tools selected for this purpose has unequivocally proved that there are issues in the Indian Companies Act
1956.The liberalisation started in 1991 has to be continued with increased vigour and this effort has to be on a
micro level in each and every statute and with the objective of keeping adequate freedom for development.
6. Evaluation Of Indian Companies Act 1956- Is It Capable Enough To Accelerate The Engine Of
www.iosrjournals.org 53 | Page
IV. Suggestions
The Evaluation of Indian Companies Act 1956 has unfolded a lot of intrinsic information which are
very vital to the growth of Industry and the Economy in General. The statistical Evaluations facilitated to go into
the depth of the problem and also to develop substantial conclusions as regards the relevance of the study in this
subject. Basedon the findings we consolidate the following suggestion to tide over the issues portrayed as per
the analysis:
Sec 297 of the Indian Companies act is required to be scraped considering the issues involved in this
regard for obtaining the prior approval. A Board approval and disclosure of interest at the Board will be
sufficient in this case.The specification for prior approval is not satisfying any regulatory objective.
New efforts are to be initiated to enhance productivity and competitiveness of Indian corporate to face the
increasing challenges of Globalisation.
References:
[1]. .Indian Companies Act 1956- nTaxman
[2]. Companies Act- ramaiya
[3]. Salmond on Juris prudence- Mr .P.J.. Fitzgerald
[4]. Directors interested in Contract โ Dr KR Chandratre
[5]. Catherine, Dawson, Practical Research Methods, How To Books, United Kingdom, 2002, pp. 14-20.
[6]. Cronbach, L. J., &Meehl, P.E., Construct validity in psychological tests, Psychological Bulletin, 52, 1994, pp. 281-302.
[7]. Berelson, Bernard, Content Analysis in Communication Research, New York: Free Press, 1952, pp. 45-60.
[8]. Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., and Campbell, D. T., Experimental and quasi experimental designs for generalized casual inference,
New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002, pp. 153-170.
[9]. Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., &Kubany, E. S., Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts
and methods, Psychological Assessment, 7, 1995, pp. 238-247
[10]. Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L.W., Assessing construct validity on organizational research,
[11]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 1991, pp. 421-458
[12]. Siebert, D. C., & Siebert, C. F., The Caregiver Role Identity Scale: A validation study, Research on Social work Practice, 15, 2005,
DOI: 10.1177.1049731504272779.
Quotation:
1. 108
: Directors Interested in the Contract โ Dr.KR.Chandratre, pages 19 & 37