Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes) and that some traits (dominant) mask the expression of others (recessive). Through his laws of segregation and independent assortment, he showed that genes separate and assort independently during gamete formation. This allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square. Mendel's work formed the foundation of classical genetics and heredity.
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments with pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are inherited in discrete units (genes) and that some traits (dominant) mask the expression of others (recessive). Through his laws of segregation and independent assortment, he showed that genes separate and assort independently during gamete formation. This allows for prediction of phenotypic ratios in offspring using a Punnett square. Mendel's work formed the foundation of classical genetics and heredity.
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system, including:
- The endocrine system secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate functions, unlike the nervous system.
- Hormones include steroidal hormones like estrogen and cortisol, and nonsteroidal hormones made of proteins.
- Negative and positive feedback loops control hormone levels.
- Key endocrine glands are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads.
- Stress causes the release of hormones that increase heart rate, respiration, blood glucose/fatty acids, and can suppress the immune system if prolonged.
- Common endocrine