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ANCIENT EGYPTIANS 
BY: GLADIS MENDOZA
BEGINNING OF EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION 
• One of six civilizations globally to arise independently 
• Located in northeastern Africa along the lower reaches of the Nile River 
• Formed with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt in 3150 BC 
• Ruled by the first pharaoh of Ancient Egypt named Narmer
EGYPTIAN ASTRONOMY 
• Predicting annual floods of the Nile River was the driving force behind the development of Egyptian 
astronomy 
• Egyptian astronomy begins in the discovery of stone circles at Nabta Playa. The stone circles were 
essential in marking the time and predicting the coming floods 
• Due to their expertise in astronomy they were aware that the year was about 365 days and divided into 
12 months 
• Egyptian astronomers used sundials to tell the time, dividing the days into 24 hours 
• There is little doubt that Egyptians buildings were based upon the stars 
• It is possible that the Egyptian astronomy served a navigational purpose
THE GREAT PYRAMIDS OF GIZA 
• The Great Pyramid of Giza is full with astronomical evidence. 
• Within the pyramid is a southern facing airshafts that point to the star Sirius, with its significance in 
marking the start of the Egyptian year 
• The north-facing air shafts point to the circumpolar stars, called ‘The Immortals’ by Egyptians, because 
they never set. 
• Egyptians built their monuments to reflect the cardinal directions and important times of year.
AGRICULTURE 
• Most ancient Egyptians were farmers living in small villages near the Nile River 
• Agriculture formed the economic base of the Egyptian state 
• There main crops were wheat and barley 
• The annual flooding of the Nile River provided the Egyptians with necessary irrigation and fertilization 
• They harvested their crops before the season of high temperatures and drought returned 
• Annual floods provided a single crop-season over two thirds of the floodplain 
• Annual amount of grain produced was approximately between 1.5 and 2.5 million tons 
• Egyptians had an elaborate system of trade with surrounding regions
DECLINE OF EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION 
• Its hard to pinpoint the exact reason for the fall of the Egyptian civilization 
• Drought conditions helped caused the collapse of a number of ancient civilizations from the eastern 
Mediterranean to India around 2200 B.C., one the civilizations could have been Egypt 
• Climate change and dry season can also account for the collapse of the Egyptian civilization 
• The below normal Nile floods caused widespread starvation and death among the common people.
REFERENCES 
• http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html 
• https://explorable.com/egyptian-astronomy 
• http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/Narmer.html 
• http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt 
• http://tvblogs.nationalgeographic.com/2011/02/26/why-did-ancient-egypt-decline/
PHOTO CREDITS 
• http://antikforever.com/Egypte/Dyn/Images/Dynastie%2018-20/amenhotep_II01.jpg 
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Egyptian_funerary_stela.jpg 
• http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/sowing.jpg 
• http://www.ancient-egypt.org/_Media/narmer-macehead-icon_med.png 
• https://explorable.com/images/ramesses-II-valley-of-the-kings.jpg

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FYS 158: Ancient Egyptians - Mendoza

  • 1. ANCIENT EGYPTIANS BY: GLADIS MENDOZA
  • 2. BEGINNING OF EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION • One of six civilizations globally to arise independently • Located in northeastern Africa along the lower reaches of the Nile River • Formed with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt in 3150 BC • Ruled by the first pharaoh of Ancient Egypt named Narmer
  • 3. EGYPTIAN ASTRONOMY • Predicting annual floods of the Nile River was the driving force behind the development of Egyptian astronomy • Egyptian astronomy begins in the discovery of stone circles at Nabta Playa. The stone circles were essential in marking the time and predicting the coming floods • Due to their expertise in astronomy they were aware that the year was about 365 days and divided into 12 months • Egyptian astronomers used sundials to tell the time, dividing the days into 24 hours • There is little doubt that Egyptians buildings were based upon the stars • It is possible that the Egyptian astronomy served a navigational purpose
  • 4. THE GREAT PYRAMIDS OF GIZA • The Great Pyramid of Giza is full with astronomical evidence. • Within the pyramid is a southern facing airshafts that point to the star Sirius, with its significance in marking the start of the Egyptian year • The north-facing air shafts point to the circumpolar stars, called ‘The Immortals’ by Egyptians, because they never set. • Egyptians built their monuments to reflect the cardinal directions and important times of year.
  • 5. AGRICULTURE • Most ancient Egyptians were farmers living in small villages near the Nile River • Agriculture formed the economic base of the Egyptian state • There main crops were wheat and barley • The annual flooding of the Nile River provided the Egyptians with necessary irrigation and fertilization • They harvested their crops before the season of high temperatures and drought returned • Annual floods provided a single crop-season over two thirds of the floodplain • Annual amount of grain produced was approximately between 1.5 and 2.5 million tons • Egyptians had an elaborate system of trade with surrounding regions
  • 6. DECLINE OF EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION • Its hard to pinpoint the exact reason for the fall of the Egyptian civilization • Drought conditions helped caused the collapse of a number of ancient civilizations from the eastern Mediterranean to India around 2200 B.C., one the civilizations could have been Egypt • Climate change and dry season can also account for the collapse of the Egyptian civilization • The below normal Nile floods caused widespread starvation and death among the common people.
  • 7. REFERENCES • http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html • https://explorable.com/egyptian-astronomy • http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/Narmer.html • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-egypt • http://tvblogs.nationalgeographic.com/2011/02/26/why-did-ancient-egypt-decline/
  • 8. PHOTO CREDITS • http://antikforever.com/Egypte/Dyn/Images/Dynastie%2018-20/amenhotep_II01.jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Egyptian_funerary_stela.jpg • http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/timelines/topics/pics/sowing.jpg • http://www.ancient-egypt.org/_Media/narmer-macehead-icon_med.png • https://explorable.com/images/ramesses-II-valley-of-the-kings.jpg