Fungi were originally classified as plants because they grow in plac.pdf
•
0 likes•6 views
Fungi were originally classified as plants because they grow in place without moving. Which of the following supports the inclusion of fungi with animals in the opisthonkont group instead of with plants in the archaeplastid group? Question 8 options: Fungi have mitochondria from endosymbiosis with proteobacteria Fungi produce spores to disperse in the air Fungi are heterotrophic Fungi use long, thin structures to get nutrients out of the soil Fungi have mitochondria from endosymbiosis with proteobacteria Fungi produce spores to disperse in the air Fungi are heterotrophic Fungi use long, thin structures to get nutrients out of the soil Solution The fungi are more closely related to animals than plants. The fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall. The cell wall in fungi is made up of chitin. They produce enzymes that digest food outside their bodies. Unlike many plant species. The fungi reproduces by dispersing spores in the air. The correct answer is option C, fungi are heterotrphic as they cannot synthesize their own food..
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Biology - Chp 21 - Fungi - PowerPoint
Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls composed of chitin. They digest food outside their bodies by absorbing nutrients from decaying matter as decomposers or from hosts as parasites. Fungi are multicellular with thin filaments called hyphae that form a tangled mycelium. They reproduce both sexually, requiring two mating types, and asexually via spores. Fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers, parasites, and in symbiotic relationships with plants and algae.
Chapter 2.pptx
This document discusses the general characteristics of fungi. It notes that fungi are diverse and widespread but adapted to dark, moist environments. They range from single-celled yeasts to multicellular mushrooms. Fungi are classified into five phyla based on reproduction and molecular biology. Most fungi are multicellular with filamentous hyphae that make up the mycelium. Fungi play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers and symbionts with plants.
Immunolgy lab Group Assignment(Fungi) Shah Mir Khan.pptx
immunology PowerPoint of Fungi Structure and Life Cycle
Introduction to fungi
This document provides an introduction to fungi, including:
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that reproduce through spores and have filamentous hyphae or unicellular yeast cells. Mycology is the study of fungi.
- Fungi absorb nutrients from dead or living organic matter and have cell walls containing chitin. They can grow in a variety of temperatures and environments.
- Hyphae make up the vegetative structure of fungi and form a mycelium. Hyphae can be septate or coenocytic. Fungi exhibit different growth forms including yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required .docx
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 16
Protists
& Fungi
16.6 General Biology of Protists
There are four kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya.
Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
All organisms in Eukarya have organelles including a nucleus.
Protists vary in size from microscopic to macroscopic (very large)
Most protists are unicellular, but they are very complex
Most organisms in Protista reproduce by asexual reproduction
17-2
Organizing Organisms
Organisms can be categorized by how they obtain nutrients
Heterotrophs – organisms that consume food and digest it inside their bodies.
Autotrophs – organisms that make their own food using photosynthesis. While we think of plants as doing photosynthesis, some protists and some bacteria can also do photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria make a significant amount of atmospheric oxygen.
Decomposers – digest food outside their body and absorb the nutrients across the cell wall.
17-3
Types of Protists
Protists can be separated into 3 categories based on their nutrition
Protozoa consume food (heterotrophs) and digest it internally. Also they typically can move.
Algae that can do photosynthesis (autotrophs). Underscoring the debate over how to categorize protists, some sources list algae as plants, but your book lists them as protists.
Slime molds that absorb nutrients that were digested outside their body.
17-4
Protozoa
Amoeba proteus
Pseudopods - extensions that form when cytoplasm goes in a particular direction
Feed by phagocytosis, surrounding prey with pseudopods and digesting it
Paramecium caudatum
The most structurally complex and specialized of all protozoans
The majority are free-living, some are parasitic
17-5
Green algae are
ancestral to plants
Green algae (Approximately 7,500 species)
Not always green
Inhabit a variety of environments
Oceans, freshwater, snowbanks, bark of trees, backs of turtles
Phytoplankton are microscopic autotrophs that live in water. They produce about half of the oxygen available in the atmosphere and form the basis of
Algae can form colonies of loosely organized independent cells or end-to-end chains of cells that form filaments.
17-6
Algae
Volvox, a colonial green alga
A Volvox colony is a hollow sphere with thousands of cells in a single layer on the outside
The cells are usually connected by strands of cytoplasm
Smaller daughter colonies are contained within the ball
Spirogyra, multicellular, filamentous algae
Forms long filaments of cells end-to-end
Can reproduce asexually and sexually
Has a chloroplast that performs photosynthesis
Stores glucose in a pyrenoid
17-7
16.8 A Fungus Is Not a Plant
Fungi (domain Eukarya)
Fungi are heterotrophs that release digestive enzymes into the external environment and digest their food outside the body, then absorb nutrients across their cell walls. They play an important role as decomposers.
Fungal cells are different from plant c.
Gretchen Harrigan
Fungi are living organisms that are more closely related to animals than plants. They absorb nutrients from decaying matter in the soil rather than producing their own food through photosynthesis. Fungi are made up of fine threads called hyphae that intertwine to form a tangled web-like structure called a mycelium. Hyphae may contain cross walls that divide them into separate cells. Fungi play an essential role in the environment by aiding plant root function and breaking down dead organic material.
Mycology 2 converted
This PPT contains the bird's eye view of the nutrition in fungi for undergraduate students of mycology.
Growth and nutrition of fungi msc plant Pathology.pptx
Name: Aadil Ahmad Mir
Course: Techniques in detection and diagnosis of Plant diseases
Assignment: Growth and nutrition of fungi
Fungi obtain nutrients through external digestion of organic matter using exoenzymes. They absorb the resulting smaller molecules through their mycelium. Like animals, fungi are heterotrophs and must obtain carbon, nitrogen, and other elements from their environment rather than producing their own through photosynthesis. Fungi play an important ecological role in decomposition and some can aid in bioremediation.
Recommended
Biology - Chp 21 - Fungi - PowerPoint
Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls composed of chitin. They digest food outside their bodies by absorbing nutrients from decaying matter as decomposers or from hosts as parasites. Fungi are multicellular with thin filaments called hyphae that form a tangled mycelium. They reproduce both sexually, requiring two mating types, and asexually via spores. Fungi play important ecological roles as decomposers, parasites, and in symbiotic relationships with plants and algae.
Chapter 2.pptx
This document discusses the general characteristics of fungi. It notes that fungi are diverse and widespread but adapted to dark, moist environments. They range from single-celled yeasts to multicellular mushrooms. Fungi are classified into five phyla based on reproduction and molecular biology. Most fungi are multicellular with filamentous hyphae that make up the mycelium. Fungi play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers and symbionts with plants.
Immunolgy lab Group Assignment(Fungi) Shah Mir Khan.pptx
immunology PowerPoint of Fungi Structure and Life Cycle
Introduction to fungi
This document provides an introduction to fungi, including:
- Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that reproduce through spores and have filamentous hyphae or unicellular yeast cells. Mycology is the study of fungi.
- Fungi absorb nutrients from dead or living organic matter and have cell walls containing chitin. They can grow in a variety of temperatures and environments.
- Hyphae make up the vegetative structure of fungi and form a mycelium. Hyphae can be septate or coenocytic. Fungi exhibit different growth forms including yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required .docx
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 16
Protists
& Fungi
16.6 General Biology of Protists
There are four kingdoms in the Domain Eukarya.
Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
All organisms in Eukarya have organelles including a nucleus.
Protists vary in size from microscopic to macroscopic (very large)
Most protists are unicellular, but they are very complex
Most organisms in Protista reproduce by asexual reproduction
17-2
Organizing Organisms
Organisms can be categorized by how they obtain nutrients
Heterotrophs – organisms that consume food and digest it inside their bodies.
Autotrophs – organisms that make their own food using photosynthesis. While we think of plants as doing photosynthesis, some protists and some bacteria can also do photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria make a significant amount of atmospheric oxygen.
Decomposers – digest food outside their body and absorb the nutrients across the cell wall.
17-3
Types of Protists
Protists can be separated into 3 categories based on their nutrition
Protozoa consume food (heterotrophs) and digest it internally. Also they typically can move.
Algae that can do photosynthesis (autotrophs). Underscoring the debate over how to categorize protists, some sources list algae as plants, but your book lists them as protists.
Slime molds that absorb nutrients that were digested outside their body.
17-4
Protozoa
Amoeba proteus
Pseudopods - extensions that form when cytoplasm goes in a particular direction
Feed by phagocytosis, surrounding prey with pseudopods and digesting it
Paramecium caudatum
The most structurally complex and specialized of all protozoans
The majority are free-living, some are parasitic
17-5
Green algae are
ancestral to plants
Green algae (Approximately 7,500 species)
Not always green
Inhabit a variety of environments
Oceans, freshwater, snowbanks, bark of trees, backs of turtles
Phytoplankton are microscopic autotrophs that live in water. They produce about half of the oxygen available in the atmosphere and form the basis of
Algae can form colonies of loosely organized independent cells or end-to-end chains of cells that form filaments.
17-6
Algae
Volvox, a colonial green alga
A Volvox colony is a hollow sphere with thousands of cells in a single layer on the outside
The cells are usually connected by strands of cytoplasm
Smaller daughter colonies are contained within the ball
Spirogyra, multicellular, filamentous algae
Forms long filaments of cells end-to-end
Can reproduce asexually and sexually
Has a chloroplast that performs photosynthesis
Stores glucose in a pyrenoid
17-7
16.8 A Fungus Is Not a Plant
Fungi (domain Eukarya)
Fungi are heterotrophs that release digestive enzymes into the external environment and digest their food outside the body, then absorb nutrients across their cell walls. They play an important role as decomposers.
Fungal cells are different from plant c.
Gretchen Harrigan
Fungi are living organisms that are more closely related to animals than plants. They absorb nutrients from decaying matter in the soil rather than producing their own food through photosynthesis. Fungi are made up of fine threads called hyphae that intertwine to form a tangled web-like structure called a mycelium. Hyphae may contain cross walls that divide them into separate cells. Fungi play an essential role in the environment by aiding plant root function and breaking down dead organic material.
Mycology 2 converted
This PPT contains the bird's eye view of the nutrition in fungi for undergraduate students of mycology.
Growth and nutrition of fungi msc plant Pathology.pptx
Name: Aadil Ahmad Mir
Course: Techniques in detection and diagnosis of Plant diseases
Assignment: Growth and nutrition of fungi
Fungi obtain nutrients through external digestion of organic matter using exoenzymes. They absorb the resulting smaller molecules through their mycelium. Like animals, fungi are heterotrophs and must obtain carbon, nitrogen, and other elements from their environment rather than producing their own through photosynthesis. Fungi play an important ecological role in decomposition and some can aid in bioremediation.
Fungi
Microorganism : Fungi, Classification, structure , general characteristics and morphology related to food
The kingdom fungi[1]
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls containing chitin and feed by absorbing nutrients from other organisms or dead matter. They are composed of thread-like hyphae that can join together into a thick mycelium to maximize absorption of food sources through soil and substrates. Fungi reproduce both sexually through fruiting bodies on mycelium and asexually via spores produced in sporangia on specialized hyphae, allowing fungi to spread widely in most environments where moisture and food are present.
Microorganisms
this ppt will help you in your biology studies in microorganisms.this ppt gives u information about 4 types of microorganisms
Unit 20 Protists And Fungi
The kingdom Protista is extremely diverse and contains eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as animals, plants, or fungi. Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. Animal-like protists are often single-celled heterotrophs that feed on other organisms, while plantlike protists, like algae, conduct photosynthesis. Funguslike protists decompose dead organic matter. Protists play important roles in ecosystems and some can cause serious diseases.
Plant pathology slides
Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases and their management. Key pathogens that cause plant diseases include fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa and mollicutes. Some historic examples of serious plant diseases that caused famines include the Irish potato famine caused by late blight of potato by Phytophthora infestans, and Bengal and Sri Lankan famines caused by fungal diseases of rice and coffee, respectively. Fungi are important plant pathogens and reproduce both sexually and asexually through spores. Their somatic structures include septate or non-septate hyphae that make up the mycelium and can form specialized structures like sclerotia or rh
GROUP - 3 Chandan Kumar Panigrahi 21MSENTO17 FINAL--1.pptx
The document discusses factors affecting insect abundance, dominance, and diversity. It provides measures of dominance such as more species, large numbers within species, and a variety of habitats. Reasons for insect abundance include structural perfection like their exoskeleton, developmental characteristics like different life stages, high specificity of food sources, high fecundity, reproductive methods, and protective adaptations. Their success is also due to adaptability to diverse habitats and climates.
Fungi report
Fungi are a kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that includes mushrooms, molds and yeasts. They are not plants but their own kingdom. Fungi feed by absorbing nutrients from surrounding organic material through a network of filaments called hyphae. Though sometimes deadly, fungi play important roles in nature and are used in many products people consume everyday without realizing it, such as bread, beer, medicines, and industrial chemicals.
Kimgdom fungi
The kingdom Fungi includes a vast variety of organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and mold, made up of feathery filaments called hyphae (collectively called mycelium). Fungi are multicellular and eukaryotic. They are also heterotrophs, and gain nutrition through absorption.
Fungi
This document provides information on fungi, including their general characteristics, forms (yeasts, molds, mushrooms), physiological classification (parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic), and taxonomic classification. Key points are that fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular organisms that reproduce via spores and exhibit alternation of generations. Their cell walls contain chitin and they obtain nutrients as heterotrophs. Fungi exist in yeast, mold, or mushroom forms and can be parasitic, saprophytic, or symbiotic based on their food source and habitat.
Question 1What is biological evolutionthe development of tr.docx
Question 1
What is biological evolution?
the development of traits that organisms need in order to become more complex
gene changes in populations over many generations
the change that occurs in individuals as they try to survive in their environment
the steps by which the first life was created on earth from random molecules
Question 2
Which of the following BEST describes why the process of evolution is easier to study in fruit flies than in birds?
Fruit flies have a much shorter generation time than birds.
Fruit flies are smaller than birds.
Fruit flies have a simpler diet than birds.
Fruit flies do not live as long as birds.
Question 3
Which of the following groupings is the MOST appropriate according to the classification system developed by Linnaeus?
Group 1: whale, giant fruit bat, giant walking stick (an insect); Group 2: penguin, ostrich, human; Group 3: hummingbird, bee, water strider bug
Group 1: penguin, ostrich, hummingbird; Group 2: water strider bug, giant walking stick (an insect); Group 3: whale, human, giant fruit bat
Group 1: hummingbird, ostrich, bee; Group 2: whale, human, penguin; Group 3: giant walking stick (an insect), water strider bug, giant fruit bat
Group 1: penguin, water strider bug, whale; Group 2: ostrich, giant walking stick (an insect), human; Group 3: hummingbird, bee, giant fruit bat
Question 4
Polar bears from the Arctic do not produce offspring with the speckled bear of South America due to:
temporal isolation.
gamete incompatibility.
behavioral isolation.
spatial isolation.
Question 5
Which of the following statements BEST describes the current knowledge about Earth's biodiversity?
It is relatively common for scientists to discover new or fossil organisms that are completely different from other organisms.
Most species that have existed on Earth are alive today.
There is uncertainty about the diversity within various species.
Scientists generally agree that most species have been identified.
Question 6
Put the following in order of most inclusive to specific.
Species
Domain
Kingdom
Phyla
Genus
uestion 7
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Animalia
Bacteria
Viruses
Protista
Fungi
A.
nonliving microbes
B.
most diverse kingdom
C.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mushrooms
D.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mammals
E.
prokaryotes such as E. coli
F.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that make their own food
Question 8
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Diatoms
Cnidaria
Tapeworm
Earthworm
Arthropods
Vertebrates
Plants
Algae
Yeast
Mold
A.
Only protists that produce their own food
B.
Parasitic flatworms
C.
Single cells that produce a glass shell
D.
Provide drugs like aspirin and digitali
E.
Animals without backbones
F.
One of the most commercially important fungal forms
G.
Produces the flavor of cheese
H.
...
Fungi structure Reproduction Classification, Life cycles Bot coaching mater...
This document provides an overview of fungi, including their general characteristics, structures, modes of nutrition, reproduction, and classification. Some key points:
- Fungi are eukaryotic, achlorophyllous organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular and reproduce both asexually and sexually.
- Their filamentous structure is called hyphae, which come together to form a mycelium. Cell walls contain chitin.
- Fungi obtain nutrients as saprophytes, parasites, or symbiotically. Saprophytes feed on dead organic matter, parasites live on or in living hosts, symbionts have mutualistic relationships like lichens or my
Kingdom Fungi
Introduction to the Kingdom Fungi. Main characteristics, classification and different types of fungi. Translation revision by Steven T. Gosch.
10 fungi
The document discusses the structure and life cycles of fungi. Fungi have both a mycelium structure, made of branching hyphae, that anchors the fungus, and a fruiting body. Fungi can reproduce asexually through fragmentation or budding, or sexually through spores produced in the fruiting body that germinate into new fungi. Fungi form important symbiotic relationships with other organisms like lichens and mycorrhizal relationships with plants.
Mycota.pptx
1) Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll and include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. They obtain nutrients by absorbing organic compounds from dead or living organisms.
2) Fungi reproduce both asexually through spores and sexually through the fusion of gametes. Common asexual reproduction methods include the formation of sporangiospores, chlamydospores, and oidia.
3) The fungus Mucor is classified under the kingdom Mycota, division Eumycotina, class Phycomycetes. It is a saprophytic fungus that reproduces asexually through sporangiospores formed on sporangioph
Chap 1 classification of fungi
Fungi can never be classified in the kingdoms Plantae or Animalia because:
- Fungi are non-motile (lack mobility) unlike animals which are motile.
- Fungi reproduce via spores unlike plants which reproduce via seeds and animals which reproduce sexually.
- Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients externally from their environment unlike plants which produce their own food via photosynthesis. Animals obtain nutrients internally through ingestion and digestion.
- Fungi lack chloroplasts and chlorophyll for photosynthesis unlike plants. They also lack organized tissues like plants.
- Fungi are more similar to protists in their nutrition and some reproductive characteristics. But they
Mycology
The document provides a detailed history and overview of mycology, the study of fungi. It discusses important figures and their contributions to the field from 1500 to present day. It also covers general fungal characteristics, types of reproduction, spore structures, taxonomic classifications proposed over time, and specialized characteristics of different fungi. The document is an extensive review of the history and major topics in the field of mycology.
Fungi
The document provides an overview of fungi, including their characteristics, structure, reproduction, evolution, and symbiotic relationships. It describes that fungi are mostly multicellular eukaryotes that absorb nutrients externally and can be decomposers or parasites. Their structure includes unicellular yeasts or multicellular mycelium. They reproduce both sexually, involving haploid hyphae and diploid zygotes, and asexually through spores. Fungi are evolutionarily related to red algae and major groups include sac fungi, club fungi, and imperfect fungi. Symbiotic relationships include lichens and mycorrhizal associations between fungi and plant roots.
module 9 biology.pdf
1. A species is defined as a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring. Species are classified based on similar DNA, morphology, and ecology. Strains are genetic variants within a species.
2. Microorganisms are classified into six major types - bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. They are identified using techniques like DNA sequencing, microscopy, and growth kinetics.
3. Microorganisms play important roles in ecosystems through decomposition, nutrient cycling, and symbiotic relationships. They are also used in industrial processes like fermentation which requires sterilization of equipment and growth media.
Grade 11
1. The document discusses the biodiversity of plants, classifying them into four kingdoms: Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
2. It explains the characteristics of each kingdom, including their reproductive structures and cycles. Bryophytes reproduce via spores while vascular plants like ferns, conifers, and flowering plants reproduce via spores or seeds.
3. Angiosperms have evolved the closest relationship with other organisms through flower pollination and fruit/seed dispersal. Their seeds are protected within an ovary and later fruit structure.
PP121 TILL MIDTERM .pptx
The document discusses various terms and concepts used in plant pathology. It defines key terms like pathogenicity, pathogenesis, sign, symptom, and syndrome. It describes different types of pathogens like biotrophs, hemibiotrophs, and necrotrophs. It also defines various other terms related to disease development and spread like inoculum, inoculum potential, and incubation period. Finally, it discusses different types of disease patterns like endemic, epidemic, and sporadic diseases.
You isolated an enveloped RNA virus. Purified RNA is not capable of .pdf
Without computing eigenvalues, show that the matrices all have the same eigenvalues. [1 2 3
4], [10 4 -12 -5], [19 -11 24 -14]
Solution
HEre we find that on solving that the value of all matrices are same as :
|A|= 1(4) -3(2) = 4-6= -2
|B|= -5(10) -(-12)(4)= -50+48 = -2
|C|=19(-14) - (-11)(24) = -266+264 =-2
So as there values are same, their eigan values will also be the same..
What properties should the following molecules NOT have in common (S.pdf
What has the Better Business Bureau done restore its reputation?
Solution
Answer - BBB provides free business reviews to more than 4 million business, BBB serves as an
intermediary between consumers and businesses. In 2009 BBB moved to new sysem with rating
from A+ to F, 16 factor have been posted on each business review. Initially there was a 17th
factor worth 4 points for businesses that were Accredited and paid a fee to BBB. That process
was changed in November 2010 in response to criticism in the media and from the Connecticut
attorney general who accused BBB of using \'pay to play\' tactic.
In 2010, it was reported that a man created two dummy companies which received A+ ratings as
soon as he had paid the membership fee.
BBB restore reputation by - On December 22, 2010, William Mitchell, CEO of the Los Angeles
BBB, and originator of the BBB Letter Grading System, resigned as a result of an internal
investigation conducted by the CBBB. In 2011, BBB announced the formal integration of
operations in the United States & Canada, effective immediately.he CBBB said it made the move
to withdraw trademark authorization from the offices in Hamilton, Windsor, Montreal and St.
John’s after determining these four Canadian offices did not meet the defined standards of
operation.On March 12, 2013, the Council of Better Business Bureaus expelled the Los Angeles-
based Better Business Bureau of the Southland, the largest local BBB, claiming that the local
group had not met the Council\'s \"standards relating to accreditation, reporting on businesses,
and handling complaints. Thus by firing its CEO and various other steps mainly invoking
memebership of many organization BBB tries o resore its reputation..
More Related Content
Similar to Fungi were originally classified as plants because they grow in plac.pdf
Fungi
Microorganism : Fungi, Classification, structure , general characteristics and morphology related to food
The kingdom fungi[1]
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls containing chitin and feed by absorbing nutrients from other organisms or dead matter. They are composed of thread-like hyphae that can join together into a thick mycelium to maximize absorption of food sources through soil and substrates. Fungi reproduce both sexually through fruiting bodies on mycelium and asexually via spores produced in sporangia on specialized hyphae, allowing fungi to spread widely in most environments where moisture and food are present.
Microorganisms
this ppt will help you in your biology studies in microorganisms.this ppt gives u information about 4 types of microorganisms
Unit 20 Protists And Fungi
The kingdom Protista is extremely diverse and contains eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as animals, plants, or fungi. Protists can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike. Animal-like protists are often single-celled heterotrophs that feed on other organisms, while plantlike protists, like algae, conduct photosynthesis. Funguslike protists decompose dead organic matter. Protists play important roles in ecosystems and some can cause serious diseases.
Plant pathology slides
Plant pathology is the study of plant diseases and their management. Key pathogens that cause plant diseases include fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa and mollicutes. Some historic examples of serious plant diseases that caused famines include the Irish potato famine caused by late blight of potato by Phytophthora infestans, and Bengal and Sri Lankan famines caused by fungal diseases of rice and coffee, respectively. Fungi are important plant pathogens and reproduce both sexually and asexually through spores. Their somatic structures include septate or non-septate hyphae that make up the mycelium and can form specialized structures like sclerotia or rh
GROUP - 3 Chandan Kumar Panigrahi 21MSENTO17 FINAL--1.pptx
The document discusses factors affecting insect abundance, dominance, and diversity. It provides measures of dominance such as more species, large numbers within species, and a variety of habitats. Reasons for insect abundance include structural perfection like their exoskeleton, developmental characteristics like different life stages, high specificity of food sources, high fecundity, reproductive methods, and protective adaptations. Their success is also due to adaptability to diverse habitats and climates.
Fungi report
Fungi are a kingdom of eukaryotic organisms that includes mushrooms, molds and yeasts. They are not plants but their own kingdom. Fungi feed by absorbing nutrients from surrounding organic material through a network of filaments called hyphae. Though sometimes deadly, fungi play important roles in nature and are used in many products people consume everyday without realizing it, such as bread, beer, medicines, and industrial chemicals.
Kimgdom fungi
The kingdom Fungi includes a vast variety of organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and mold, made up of feathery filaments called hyphae (collectively called mycelium). Fungi are multicellular and eukaryotic. They are also heterotrophs, and gain nutrition through absorption.
Fungi
This document provides information on fungi, including their general characteristics, forms (yeasts, molds, mushrooms), physiological classification (parasitic, saprophytic, symbiotic), and taxonomic classification. Key points are that fungi are eukaryotic, non-vascular organisms that reproduce via spores and exhibit alternation of generations. Their cell walls contain chitin and they obtain nutrients as heterotrophs. Fungi exist in yeast, mold, or mushroom forms and can be parasitic, saprophytic, or symbiotic based on their food source and habitat.
Question 1What is biological evolutionthe development of tr.docx
Question 1
What is biological evolution?
the development of traits that organisms need in order to become more complex
gene changes in populations over many generations
the change that occurs in individuals as they try to survive in their environment
the steps by which the first life was created on earth from random molecules
Question 2
Which of the following BEST describes why the process of evolution is easier to study in fruit flies than in birds?
Fruit flies have a much shorter generation time than birds.
Fruit flies are smaller than birds.
Fruit flies have a simpler diet than birds.
Fruit flies do not live as long as birds.
Question 3
Which of the following groupings is the MOST appropriate according to the classification system developed by Linnaeus?
Group 1: whale, giant fruit bat, giant walking stick (an insect); Group 2: penguin, ostrich, human; Group 3: hummingbird, bee, water strider bug
Group 1: penguin, ostrich, hummingbird; Group 2: water strider bug, giant walking stick (an insect); Group 3: whale, human, giant fruit bat
Group 1: hummingbird, ostrich, bee; Group 2: whale, human, penguin; Group 3: giant walking stick (an insect), water strider bug, giant fruit bat
Group 1: penguin, water strider bug, whale; Group 2: ostrich, giant walking stick (an insect), human; Group 3: hummingbird, bee, giant fruit bat
Question 4
Polar bears from the Arctic do not produce offspring with the speckled bear of South America due to:
temporal isolation.
gamete incompatibility.
behavioral isolation.
spatial isolation.
Question 5
Which of the following statements BEST describes the current knowledge about Earth's biodiversity?
It is relatively common for scientists to discover new or fossil organisms that are completely different from other organisms.
Most species that have existed on Earth are alive today.
There is uncertainty about the diversity within various species.
Scientists generally agree that most species have been identified.
Question 6
Put the following in order of most inclusive to specific.
Species
Domain
Kingdom
Phyla
Genus
uestion 7
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Animalia
Bacteria
Viruses
Protista
Fungi
A.
nonliving microbes
B.
most diverse kingdom
C.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mushrooms
D.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms such as mammals
E.
prokaryotes such as E. coli
F.
eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that make their own food
Question 8
Match the following terms to the definition or example. Not every definition will be used.
Diatoms
Cnidaria
Tapeworm
Earthworm
Arthropods
Vertebrates
Plants
Algae
Yeast
Mold
A.
Only protists that produce their own food
B.
Parasitic flatworms
C.
Single cells that produce a glass shell
D.
Provide drugs like aspirin and digitali
E.
Animals without backbones
F.
One of the most commercially important fungal forms
G.
Produces the flavor of cheese
H.
...
Fungi structure Reproduction Classification, Life cycles Bot coaching mater...
This document provides an overview of fungi, including their general characteristics, structures, modes of nutrition, reproduction, and classification. Some key points:
- Fungi are eukaryotic, achlorophyllous organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular and reproduce both asexually and sexually.
- Their filamentous structure is called hyphae, which come together to form a mycelium. Cell walls contain chitin.
- Fungi obtain nutrients as saprophytes, parasites, or symbiotically. Saprophytes feed on dead organic matter, parasites live on or in living hosts, symbionts have mutualistic relationships like lichens or my
Kingdom Fungi
Introduction to the Kingdom Fungi. Main characteristics, classification and different types of fungi. Translation revision by Steven T. Gosch.
10 fungi
The document discusses the structure and life cycles of fungi. Fungi have both a mycelium structure, made of branching hyphae, that anchors the fungus, and a fruiting body. Fungi can reproduce asexually through fragmentation or budding, or sexually through spores produced in the fruiting body that germinate into new fungi. Fungi form important symbiotic relationships with other organisms like lichens and mycorrhizal relationships with plants.
Mycota.pptx
1) Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that lack chlorophyll and include mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. They obtain nutrients by absorbing organic compounds from dead or living organisms.
2) Fungi reproduce both asexually through spores and sexually through the fusion of gametes. Common asexual reproduction methods include the formation of sporangiospores, chlamydospores, and oidia.
3) The fungus Mucor is classified under the kingdom Mycota, division Eumycotina, class Phycomycetes. It is a saprophytic fungus that reproduces asexually through sporangiospores formed on sporangioph
Chap 1 classification of fungi
Fungi can never be classified in the kingdoms Plantae or Animalia because:
- Fungi are non-motile (lack mobility) unlike animals which are motile.
- Fungi reproduce via spores unlike plants which reproduce via seeds and animals which reproduce sexually.
- Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients externally from their environment unlike plants which produce their own food via photosynthesis. Animals obtain nutrients internally through ingestion and digestion.
- Fungi lack chloroplasts and chlorophyll for photosynthesis unlike plants. They also lack organized tissues like plants.
- Fungi are more similar to protists in their nutrition and some reproductive characteristics. But they
Mycology
The document provides a detailed history and overview of mycology, the study of fungi. It discusses important figures and their contributions to the field from 1500 to present day. It also covers general fungal characteristics, types of reproduction, spore structures, taxonomic classifications proposed over time, and specialized characteristics of different fungi. The document is an extensive review of the history and major topics in the field of mycology.
Fungi
The document provides an overview of fungi, including their characteristics, structure, reproduction, evolution, and symbiotic relationships. It describes that fungi are mostly multicellular eukaryotes that absorb nutrients externally and can be decomposers or parasites. Their structure includes unicellular yeasts or multicellular mycelium. They reproduce both sexually, involving haploid hyphae and diploid zygotes, and asexually through spores. Fungi are evolutionarily related to red algae and major groups include sac fungi, club fungi, and imperfect fungi. Symbiotic relationships include lichens and mycorrhizal associations between fungi and plant roots.
module 9 biology.pdf
1. A species is defined as a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring. Species are classified based on similar DNA, morphology, and ecology. Strains are genetic variants within a species.
2. Microorganisms are classified into six major types - bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. They are identified using techniques like DNA sequencing, microscopy, and growth kinetics.
3. Microorganisms play important roles in ecosystems through decomposition, nutrient cycling, and symbiotic relationships. They are also used in industrial processes like fermentation which requires sterilization of equipment and growth media.
Grade 11
1. The document discusses the biodiversity of plants, classifying them into four kingdoms: Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
2. It explains the characteristics of each kingdom, including their reproductive structures and cycles. Bryophytes reproduce via spores while vascular plants like ferns, conifers, and flowering plants reproduce via spores or seeds.
3. Angiosperms have evolved the closest relationship with other organisms through flower pollination and fruit/seed dispersal. Their seeds are protected within an ovary and later fruit structure.
PP121 TILL MIDTERM .pptx
The document discusses various terms and concepts used in plant pathology. It defines key terms like pathogenicity, pathogenesis, sign, symptom, and syndrome. It describes different types of pathogens like biotrophs, hemibiotrophs, and necrotrophs. It also defines various other terms related to disease development and spread like inoculum, inoculum potential, and incubation period. Finally, it discusses different types of disease patterns like endemic, epidemic, and sporadic diseases.
Similar to Fungi were originally classified as plants because they grow in plac.pdf (20)
GROUP - 3 Chandan Kumar Panigrahi 21MSENTO17 FINAL--1.pptx
GROUP - 3 Chandan Kumar Panigrahi 21MSENTO17 FINAL--1.pptx
Question 1What is biological evolutionthe development of tr.docx
Question 1What is biological evolutionthe development of tr.docx
Fungi structure Reproduction Classification, Life cycles Bot coaching mater...
Fungi structure Reproduction Classification, Life cycles Bot coaching mater...
More from forladies
You isolated an enveloped RNA virus. Purified RNA is not capable of .pdf
Without computing eigenvalues, show that the matrices all have the same eigenvalues. [1 2 3
4], [10 4 -12 -5], [19 -11 24 -14]
Solution
HEre we find that on solving that the value of all matrices are same as :
|A|= 1(4) -3(2) = 4-6= -2
|B|= -5(10) -(-12)(4)= -50+48 = -2
|C|=19(-14) - (-11)(24) = -266+264 =-2
So as there values are same, their eigan values will also be the same..
What properties should the following molecules NOT have in common (S.pdf
What has the Better Business Bureau done restore its reputation?
Solution
Answer - BBB provides free business reviews to more than 4 million business, BBB serves as an
intermediary between consumers and businesses. In 2009 BBB moved to new sysem with rating
from A+ to F, 16 factor have been posted on each business review. Initially there was a 17th
factor worth 4 points for businesses that were Accredited and paid a fee to BBB. That process
was changed in November 2010 in response to criticism in the media and from the Connecticut
attorney general who accused BBB of using \'pay to play\' tactic.
In 2010, it was reported that a man created two dummy companies which received A+ ratings as
soon as he had paid the membership fee.
BBB restore reputation by - On December 22, 2010, William Mitchell, CEO of the Los Angeles
BBB, and originator of the BBB Letter Grading System, resigned as a result of an internal
investigation conducted by the CBBB. In 2011, BBB announced the formal integration of
operations in the United States & Canada, effective immediately.he CBBB said it made the move
to withdraw trademark authorization from the offices in Hamilton, Windsor, Montreal and St.
John’s after determining these four Canadian offices did not meet the defined standards of
operation.On March 12, 2013, the Council of Better Business Bureaus expelled the Los Angeles-
based Better Business Bureau of the Southland, the largest local BBB, claiming that the local
group had not met the Council\'s \"standards relating to accreditation, reporting on businesses,
and handling complaints. Thus by firing its CEO and various other steps mainly invoking
memebership of many organization BBB tries o resore its reputation..
What is the difference between Schedule C and Schedule E income (i.e.pdf
What are the various learning styles and what impact does a trainee’s learning style have on the
communication process and on the training environment?
Solution
Answer:
Learning styles: Learning styles are defined as the styles used for learning the human beings.
These are the learning method can be used by the individual in learning process.
Following are the key learning styles are as below
The impact of trainee’s learning style on the communication process and on the training
environment as below
Impact on the communication process: The learning style will have great impact on the
communication process during the training program, because the learning style will be enable all
the participants to understand the topic properly and will develop a good communication process
among the participants and the trainer.
Impact on the training environment: The learning style will have a significant impact on the
training environment. The participants will be able to learn during the training session if the
learning style is effective else they will not be able to learn the subject properly. Thus the
communication process in the training program needs to be such that it can easily communicate
with audiences and make the participants learn the topic easily. So it is the learning style which
will decides the learning of the participants though the trainer has delivered the great session.
Communication is base through which the subject expert/speaker shares the information or
knowledge to the listening group. The communication needs to be effective so that the other
followers can understand it properly and can learn the subject.
The message or information cannot be transferred without the effective communication between
the listeners and the speaker.
Effective communication can help to understand the topics in one go, otherwise it will take long
time for the learners to understand the topic in absence of proper communication..
What are the ethical and legal concerns associated with managing tel.pdf
Legal and ethical issues arise in telemedicine regarding beneficence and increasing access to care. While telemedicine can improve quality by increasing accessibility, it may only benefit those with resources. There are also concerns about data control remaining with health organizations and potential ambiguities in practitioner responsibilities between loyalty to patients or their employers as remote care could focus solely on health problems rather than holistic needs.
Using the Graphical User Interface (GUI)Create a user nam.pdf
Use the data points (28, 3.1) and (10, 2.2) to find an equation of the line through these points. Be
sure to use the equation editor to show all steps (slope, point-slope form and slope intercept
form). Video 35 has several practice problems if you are unsure of the steps. Reminder: It is not
OK to leave a decimal in the numerator or denominator of your fraction!
Solution
(28, 3.1) and ( 10, 2.2)
slope = (2.2- 3.1)/( 10 -28)
= 0.05
slope intercept form equation : y = mx +c
y = 0.05x +c Use ( 10, 2.2) to find c:
2.2 = 0.5 +c ---> c = 1.5
y = 0.05x + 1.5
Point slope form : y - 2.2 = 0.05(x -10).
The adjusting entry to record the salaries earned due to employees f.pdf
The adjusting entry to record the salaries earned due to employees for services provided but
unpaid at the end of the accounting period affects the accounts in which of the following ways?
A. Debit Accrued Salaries and credit Salaries Payable.
B. Debit Salaries Expense and credit Cash.
C. Debit Cash and credit Salaries Expense.
D. Debit Salaries Expense and credit Salaries Payable.
E. Debit Salaries Payable and credit Salaries Expense.
Solution
Answer is DGeneral JournalDebitCreditSalaries ExpenseXXXSalaries PayableXXX.
TF A document type definition (DTD) can be referenced by many Exten.pdf
T/F A document type definition (DTD) can be referenced by many Extensible Markup Language
(XML) documents of the same type.
T/F In a document type definition (DTD) file, a plus (+) symbol beside an element indicates that
it is an optional child element within its parent.
T/F Having a web-based database interface eliminates the design and implementation issues of a
database system.
Solution
1) TRUE An external dtd can be referenced by any number of XML files using the syntax >
SYSTEM \"<>.dtd\">
2) FALSE (+) Symbol indicates that the element has to occur atleast once or more than once. So
it is not an optional child element. (*) indicates the occuence of zero or more times.
3) TRUE This is called managed hosting. This can be availed in Cloud DBMS (CDBMS) where
the clould provider creates, manages and maintains the complete database implementation.
Summarize the first and the second checkpoints during T cell develop.pdf
Summarize the first and the second checkpoints during T cell development in the thymus.
Solution
Lymphocytes develp from pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow. Differentiation of these cells
requires rearrangement of gene segments to produce functional receptors for its further
maturation.
There are two checkpoints to decide the distinct lineage of T cells.
FIRST CHECKPOINT:
1. Rearrangement of T-cell receptor , and genes.
2. Rearrangement of and genes produces a heterodimeric receptor.
3. Rearrangement of gene produces pre T-cell receptor These cells can enter two distinct
lineage i.e or T-cell lineage
If none of above rearrangement is successful, then cell dies through apoptosis.
SECOND CHEKPOINT
1. T-cell lineage undergoes rearrangement at chain locus leading to expression of CD4 and CD8
receptors.
2. antigen receptor ,CD4/CD8 coreceptor of these cells bind to thymic major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) molecules.
3. The type of receptor -MHC interaction produces CD4+CD8-+ lineage or CD4-CD8++ lineage.
4. Both cell lineages have distinct properties and molecular mechanism for receptor specific
antigen interaction.
If none of above rearrangement is successful, then cell dies through apoptosis..
PLEASE HELP!!Loren Seguara and Dale Johnson both work for Southern.pdf
PLEASE HELP!!
Loren Seguara and Dale Johnson both work for Southern Semiconductor Corporation (SSC), a
major producer of computer components. Loren works as a clerical assistant in the Accounting
Department, and Dale works as a packager in the Shipping Department. During their lunch break
one day, they began talking about the company. Dale complained that he had always worked
hard trying not to waste packing materials and efficiently and cost-effectively performing his job.
In spite of his efforts and those of his co-workers in the department, the firm’s stock price had
declined nearly $2.00 per share over the past nine months. Loren indicated that he shared Dale’s
frustration, particularly because the firm’s profits had been rising. Neither could understand why
the firm’s stock price was falling as profits rose. Loren indicated that he had seen documents
describing the firm’s profit-sharing plan under which all managers were partially compensated
on the basis of the firm’s profits. He suggested that maybe it was profit that was important to
management, because it directly affected their pay. Dale said, “That doesn’t make sense, because
the stockholders own the firm. Shouldn’t management do what’s best for stockholders?
Something’s wrong!” Loren responded, “Well, maybe that explains why the company hasn’t
concerned itself with the stock price. Look, the only profits that stockholders receive are in the
form of cash dividends, and this firm has never paid dividends during its 20-year history. We as
stockholders therefore don’t directly benefit from profits. The only way we benefit is for the
stock price to rise.” Dale chimed in, “That probably explains why the firm is being sued by state
and federal environmental officials for dumping pollutants in the adjacent stream. Why spend
money for pollution control? It increases costs, lowers profits, and therefore lowers
management’s earnings!” Loren and Dale realized that the lunch break had ended and they must
quickly return to work. Before leaving, they decided to meet the next day to continue their
discussion.
Please answer the following questions:
1) What should the management of Southern Semiconductor Corporation pursue as its overriding
goal? Why?
2) Does the firm appear to have an “agency problem?” Explain.
3) Evaluate the firm’s approach to pollution control. Does it seem to be ethical? a. Why might
incurring the expense to control pollution be in the best interests of the firm’s owners despite its
negative effect on profits?
4) Does the firm appear to have an effective “corporate governance structure?” Explain any
shortcomings.
5) On the basis of the information provided, what specific recommendations would you offer the
firm?
Appreciate your help in advance!
Solution
1)
The Management of the southern semiconductor should pursue the rise in the wealth of
shareholder. They should think of long term benefit that affects the stock price and not the short
term profit. Currently it looks that the.
Please answer the following at the bottom of the case. ThanksTo ne.pdf
Please answer the following at the bottom of the case. Thanks
To negotiate whether an employee should be retained or not, the CHRO can design the following
line of judgement: Who: Attributes of the person being evaluated, whether they fit in with the
core values of the organization or not. What: Skills of the person, i.e., specialized skills that can
make a difference to the organization’s revenues should be considered.
Where; The geographical region in which they work and whether they are required there or not
need to be evaluated. Why: Major cause for retention should be value-addition or potential for
continued value addition to the organization.
How: Instead of using standard Key Performance Indicators (KPI), customized packages for
valuable employees based on their unique contributions to the organization are a good place to
start. “KPIs are intrinsically linked to a firm\'s strategic goals and are used to help managers
assess whether they\'re on target as they work towards those goals (John, 2017)”. Since Netflix
aims only at retaining A employees, managers at all levels should dedicate time to developing
more A employees to keep adding value to the company.
As we see, the types of power the CHRO has for instance, with the positional power she can
direct the company as per her own methods due to her designation. this power is very crucial as
there are no HR policies in place, there must be a central figure who functions as the model
figure to direct the HR functions of the company which usually work as per the model HR
policies. Then the information power is where the employees coming in can expect to learn and
look up to her as she has an in-depth understanding of the processes and clear about the path she
wishes to take Netflix towards (Patty, 2014).
The Reward power adds to coercive power as Sharon has the power to retain a well performing
employee as what is been envisaged by the company and with her power to take disciplinary
action against anyone who isn\'t performing to the expectations, Sharon can strike the right
balance of maintaining the best of talent. Sharon\'s people centric approach with her social power
helps her exercise the above powers in the negotiation very smoothly as she can identify and
select the best employees through negotiation and the incoming employee doesn\'t feel out of
place.
Aiding to all these powers is her charismatic power which makes the employees listen to her,
follow her advice or fear her for what she is rather than just her designation and hugely helps
during negotiations as her exercising of any power doesn\'t come across as being impersonal or
arrogant but a necessary action.
If an agreement is not reached, the CHRO should look outside for eligible candidates. BATNA
stands for Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. “BATNA, Best Alternative to a
Negotiated Agreement term was introduced by Roger Fischer and William Ury in 1981. They
proposed that, when negotiating a business agreement, we s.
Mitchell sets sail for the Chemiosmotic New World, despite dire w.pdf
\"Mitchell sets sail for the Chemiosmotic New World, despite dire warnings that he will be
consumed: What does this cartoon convey about the nature of scientific discovery? Source:
Courtesy of Abraham Tulp.
Solution
Brave new world
1. From shakespeares the storm miranda speak wonder how multitude goodly living being are
here how beauty of humanity is o soldier new globe that has such human in it.
2. They\'re generating life and hatching human from bottles and situation them to like the
employment surroundings of their social category..
Learn the genetics vocabulary (see HW4)] For each of the following ge.pdf
Learn the genetics vocabulary (see HW4)] For each of the following genotypes, identify (a) it is
homologous or heterozygous; and the possible gametes for that genotype (gametes are haploid)
For each of the following state whether the letter symbol shown represents a genotype (diploid)
of a gamete E - this represents a gamete because it is a single dominate allele; it was E_e - that
would represent a heterozygous with a pair of alleles. Using the letter \"T\" and \"I\" to represent
the alleles for gene for tongue-rolling show the heterozygous and homozygous possible.
Solution
Question 1
Possible gametes
a
Homozygous
One gamete w
b
Heterozygous
Two gamete t& T
c
Heterozygous
Two gamete A & a
d
Heterozygous
Two gamete D & d
Question 2
a
Genotype (heterozygous ) Kk
b
genotype Homozygous AA
c
allele
Question 3
Homozygous
Dominant
TT
Taster
Heterozygous
Dominant
Tt
Taster
Homozygous
Recessive
tt
Non-Taster
4
Homozygous---------- Dominant—GENEOTYPE---PURPLE --- PP
Homozygous ----Recessive GENEOTYPE---white --- pp
PURPLE --- PP x white --- pp
P
P
p
Pp PURPLE
Pp PURPLE
p
Pp PURPLE
Pp PURPLE
All offspring are purple in color
Question 1
Possible gametes
a
Homozygous
One gamete w
b
Heterozygous
Two gamete t& T
c
Heterozygous
Two gamete A & a
d
Heterozygous
Two gamete D & d.
If nominal GDP is 28000 and the money supply is 7000, what is velocit.pdf
If nominal GDP is 28000 and the money supply is 7000, what is velocity? 11.5 .68 4 18
Solution
- 4 is correct
According to quantity theory of money, M*V = P*Y
P*Y= 28000
M= 7000
V= 28000/7000= 4
- money supply in the economy increases.
Central bank buys bonds from the bank in exchange for money, This increases money supply.
- 830 million is correct
Assets include cash in vault, reserves, loans and bonds.
Since sale of loan is balanced by cash received in exchange
Total assets= 50+180+600= 830 million.
Investments in trade securities are always short term investments. T.pdf
Investments in trade securities are always short term investments. True or False
Solution
Answer : True
Trade securties are basically equity and debt instruments or plans . They are traded in current
period and produce profit. Management invest in these securities inorder to get money in short
term period..
Information Securityfind an article online discussing defense-in-d.pdf
Information Security
find an article online discussing defense-in-depth. List your source and provide a paragraph
summary of what the article stated.
Solution
Abstract
The exponential growth of the Internet interconnections has led to a significant growth of cyber
attack incidents often with disastrous and grievous consequences. Malware is the primary choice
of weapon to carry out malicious intents in the cyberspace, either by exploitation into existing
vulnerabilities or utilization of unique characteristics of emerging technologies. The
development of more innovative and effective malware defense mechanisms has been regarded
as an urgent requirement in the cybersecurity community. To assist in achieving this goal, we
first present an overview of the most exploited vulnerabilities in existing hardware, software, and
network layers. This is followed by critiques of existing state-of-the-art mitigation techniques as
why they do or don\'t work. We then discuss new attack patterns in emerging technologies such
as social media, cloud computing, smartphone technology, and critical infrastructure. Finally, we
describe our speculative observations on future research directions.
A multi-layered approach to cyber security utilising machine learning and advanced analytics is
essential to defend against sophisticated multi-stage attacks including:
Insider Threats | Advanced Human Attacks | Supply Chain Infection | Ransomware |
Compromised User Accounts | Data Loss
Prepare for a cyber security incident or attack and how to adequately manage the aftermath with
an organised approach to Incident Response – coordinating resources, people, information,
technology and complying with regulations.
INSIDER THREATS
Insider threat can originate from employees, contractors, third party services or anyone with
access rights to your network, corporate data or business premises.
The challenge is to identify attacks and understand how they develop in real-time by analysing
and correlating the subtle signs of compromise that an insider makes when they infiltrate the
network.
Traditional security measures are no longer sufficient to combat insider threat. A more
sophisticated, intelligence-based approach is required. Cyberseer uses machine-learning
technology to form a behavioural baseline for every user to determine normal activity and spot
new, previously unidentified threat behaviours. The move to a more proactive approach towards
security will enable companies to take action to thwart developing situations escalating into
exfiltrated information or damaging incidents.
ADVANCED HUMAN ATTACKS
Advanced threats use a set of stealthy and continuous processes to target an organisation, which
is often orchestrated for business or political motives by individuals (or groups). The “advanced”
process signifies sophisticated techniques using malware to exploit vulnerabilities in
organisations systems. They are considered persistent because an external command and control
system .
implement the following funtions. myg1 and myg2 are seperate. x and .pdf
implement the following funtions. myg1 and myg2 are seperate. x and y represent the two points
in the graph and w is the distance. after implementing ask the user to choose which funtion they
would like to use.
* insert [myg1 | myg2] x y w
* delete [myg1 | myg2] x y
* printgraph [myg1 | myg2]
* printdegree [myg1 | myg2] // if directed, print both in- and out-degree
* printcomplement [myg1 | myg2]
* eliminatelinks [myg1 | myg2] minW maxW
* differentlinks [myg1 | myg2] [myg1 | myg2]
* commonlinks [myg1 | myg2] [myg1 | myg2]
* dfs_print [myg1 | myg2] x
* bfs_print [myg1 | myg2] x
* isconnected [myg1 | myg2]
* numofconncomp [myg1 | myg2] * quit
here is the program so far. I just need to program and put in those function. I need to make it so
the user can pick what they want to do but I can program that myself. it\'s just programming the
above functions. I put clarifications of them at the bottom.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
graph.c program
#include
#include
typedef enum {FALSE, TRUE} bool;
#define MAXV 100
typedef struct edgenode{
int y;
int weight;
struct edgenode *next;
} edgenodeT;
typedef struct{
edgenodeT *edges[MAXV+1];
int degree[MAXV+1];
int nvertices;
int nedges;
bool directed;
} graphT;
void initialize_graph(graphT *g, bool directed);
void read_graph(graphT *g, char *filename);
void insert_edge(graphT *g, int x, int y, int w);
void print_graph(graphT *g, char *name);
void free_graph(graphT *g);
graphT *copy_graph(graphT *g);
main()
// Assume that MAXV is 6
{
graphT *myg1 = NULL, *myg2 = NULL;
if(argc < 2){
fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s graph_filename\", argv[0]);
exit(-1);
}
myg1 = (graphT *) malloc(sizeof(graphT));
if (myg1==NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot allocate memory for the graph\");
exit(-1);
}
initialize_graph(myg1, FALSE);
read_graph(myg1, argv[1]);
print_graph(myg1, \"myg1\");
myg2 = copy_graph(myg1);
print_graph(myg2, \"myg2\");
// NOW in a loop get commands and
// call related functions to perform them...
free_graph(myg1);
}
initialize_graph (graphT*g, bool directed)
{
int i;
g->nvertices= 0;
g->nedges= 0;
g->directed = directed;
for (i=1; i<=MAXV; i++)
g->edges[i] = NULL;
for(i=1; i<=MAXV; i++)
g->degree[i] = 0;
}
read_graph(graphT *g)
{
int i;
int n, m, dir;
int x, y, w;
FILE *fp
if((fp=fopen(filename,\"r\"))==NULL){
fprintf(stderr, \"Cannot open the graph file\");
exit(-1);
}
scanf(”%d %d %d”, &n, &m, &dir);
g->nvertices= n;
g->nedges= 0;
g->directed= dir;
for (i=1; i<=m; i++) {
scanf(”%d %d %d”, &x, &y, &w);
insert _edge(g, x, y, w);
if(dir==FALSE)
insert _edge(g, y, x, w);
}
fclose(fp);
}
insert_edge(graphT *g, int x, int y, int w)
{
edgenodeT *pe;
pe= malloc(sizeof(edgenodeT)); // check if NULL
pe->weight = w;
pe->y = y;
pe->next = g->edges[x];
g->edges[x] = pe;
g->degree[x]++;
g->nedges++;
}
print_graph (graphT *g, char *name)
{
edgenodeT *pe;
int i;
if(!g) return;
printf(\"Graph Name: %s\ \", name);
for(i=1; i<=g->nvertices; i++){
printf(\"Node %d: \", i);
pe = g->edges[i];
wh.
If two peers share a link in the overlay (they are neighbors in the .pdf
If two peers share a link in the overlay (they are neighbors in the overlay network represented as
a graph), can they necessarily exchange information with low latency? In at most 3 sentences,
explain why or why not.
Solution
Yes two peers can exchange information with low latency using PEER EXCHANGE ROUTINE
OPTIMIZING PROTOCOL(PROP).
I need to fill-in TODOs in .cpp file and in .h file Could some.pdf
I need to fill-in //TODO\'s in .cpp file and in .h file
Could someone help me at least with few of them to give me an idea how deal with it.
***SinglyLinkedList.cpp
#include
#include
#include \"SinglyLinkedList.h\"
void test_constructor() {
SinglyLinkedList lst = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};
assert(*lst.at(0) == 100);
assert(*lst.at(1) == 200);
assert(*lst.at(2) == 300);
assert(*lst.at(3) == 400);
assert(*lst.at(4) == 500);
assert(lst.size() == 5);
}
void test_remove() {
SinglyLinkedList lst = {100, 200, 300, 400, 500};
lst.remove(2);
assert(*lst.at(0) == 100);
assert(*lst.at(1) == 200);
assert(*lst.at(2) == 400);
assert(*lst.at(3) == 500);
assert(lst.size() == 4);
}
void test_insert() {
// TODO
}
void test_push_back() {
// TODO
}
void test_push_front() {
// TODO
}
void test_append() {
// TODO
}
void test_sum() {
// TODO
}
int main() {
test_constructor();
test_remove();
test_insert();
test_push_back();
test_push_front();
test_append();
test_sum();
}
***SinglyLinkedList.h
#include
#include
template
class SinglyLinkedList {
// Nested class representing the nodes in the list.
class SinglyLinkedListNode {
public:
// The value stored in this node.
T value;
// The next node in the sequence.
SinglyLinkedListNode *next;
SinglyLinkedListNode(T value) :
value(value), next(nullptr) {}
SinglyLinkedListNode(T value, SinglyLinkedListNode *next) :
value(value), next(next) {}
// Return the size (length) of the linked list.
std::size_t size();
};
SinglyLinkedListNode *head;
SinglyLinkedListNode *tail;
public:
// Constructs a new SinglyLinkedList from an initializer_list of type T[].
// This is mostly for convenience, especially when testing.
SinglyLinkedList(std::initializer_list items) : head(nullptr), tail(nullptr) {
if (items.size() == 0) {
return;
}
// initializer_lists were designed to be used iteratively,
// so thats what we do.
// Can you think of how to write this recursively?
auto it = items.begin();
while (it != items.end()) {
this->push_back(*it++);
}
}
// Return a pointer to the value at the given index.
// If the index is larger than the size of the list,
// return a nullptr.
//
// ASIDE: We will cover exceptions later.
T* at(std::size_t i);
// Pushes a new node onto the back of the list.
void push_back(T value);
// Pushes a new node onto the front of the list.
void push_front(T value);
// Return the size (length) of the linked list.
std::size_t size();
// Remove the specified node from the list.
void remove(std::size_t i);
// Insert the value at the index.
void insert(std::size_t i, T value);
// Append the given list to this one.
void append(SinglyLinkedList list);
};
template
T* SinglyLinkedList::at(std::size_t i) {
// TODO
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::push_back(T value) {
// TODO
// Make sure that this is a O(1) operation!
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::push_front(T value) {
// TODO
// Make sure that this is a O(1) operation!
}
template
void SinglyLinkedList::remove(std::size_t i) {
// TODO
// Don\'t forget to not only unlink the node, b.
how important is Negative Emotionality to an accounting career plea.pdf
Negative emotionality can be important for an accounting career as emotions like embarrassment, anxiety, and frustration can lead one to study rigorously, seek feedback on performance, and find personal satisfaction in their work. Experiencing negative emotions within academic accounting can enhance job performance and motivation to investigate and find evidence, which are motivated by the negative nature of accounting functions and jobs. Therefore, negative emotionality is considered important to have for an accounting career.
How do I know whether miscellaneous expense goes on top or bottom of.pdf
How do I know whether miscellaneous expense goes on top or bottom of the description in the
general journal?
Solution
Expenses are always debited and in the journal entry accounts are debited first and then credited.
Therefore miscellaneous expense will be debited and hence recorded first.
Thus miscellaneous expense will be recorded on the top..
More from forladies (20)
You isolated an enveloped RNA virus. Purified RNA is not capable of .pdf
You isolated an enveloped RNA virus. Purified RNA is not capable of .pdf
What properties should the following molecules NOT have in common (S.pdf
What properties should the following molecules NOT have in common (S.pdf
What is the difference between Schedule C and Schedule E income (i.e.pdf
What is the difference between Schedule C and Schedule E income (i.e.pdf
What are the ethical and legal concerns associated with managing tel.pdf
What are the ethical and legal concerns associated with managing tel.pdf
Using the Graphical User Interface (GUI)Create a user nam.pdf
Using the Graphical User Interface (GUI)Create a user nam.pdf
The adjusting entry to record the salaries earned due to employees f.pdf
The adjusting entry to record the salaries earned due to employees f.pdf
TF A document type definition (DTD) can be referenced by many Exten.pdf
TF A document type definition (DTD) can be referenced by many Exten.pdf
Summarize the first and the second checkpoints during T cell develop.pdf
Summarize the first and the second checkpoints during T cell develop.pdf
PLEASE HELP!!Loren Seguara and Dale Johnson both work for Southern.pdf
PLEASE HELP!!Loren Seguara and Dale Johnson both work for Southern.pdf
Please answer the following at the bottom of the case. ThanksTo ne.pdf
Please answer the following at the bottom of the case. ThanksTo ne.pdf
Mitchell sets sail for the Chemiosmotic New World, despite dire w.pdf
Mitchell sets sail for the Chemiosmotic New World, despite dire w.pdf
Learn the genetics vocabulary (see HW4)] For each of the following ge.pdf
Learn the genetics vocabulary (see HW4)] For each of the following ge.pdf
If nominal GDP is 28000 and the money supply is 7000, what is velocit.pdf
If nominal GDP is 28000 and the money supply is 7000, what is velocit.pdf
Investments in trade securities are always short term investments. T.pdf
Investments in trade securities are always short term investments. T.pdf
Information Securityfind an article online discussing defense-in-d.pdf
Information Securityfind an article online discussing defense-in-d.pdf
implement the following funtions. myg1 and myg2 are seperate. x and .pdf
implement the following funtions. myg1 and myg2 are seperate. x and .pdf
If two peers share a link in the overlay (they are neighbors in the .pdf
If two peers share a link in the overlay (they are neighbors in the .pdf
I need to fill-in TODOs in .cpp file and in .h file Could some.pdf
I need to fill-in TODOs in .cpp file and in .h file Could some.pdf
how important is Negative Emotionality to an accounting career plea.pdf
how important is Negative Emotionality to an accounting career plea.pdf
How do I know whether miscellaneous expense goes on top or bottom of.pdf
How do I know whether miscellaneous expense goes on top or bottom of.pdf
Recently uploaded
220711130100 udita Chakraborty Aims and objectives of national policy on inf...
Aims and objectives of national policy on information and communication technology(ICT) in school education in india
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
欧洲杯下注-欧洲杯下注押注官网-欧洲杯下注押注网站|【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】欧洲杯下注在体育博彩方面，不难发现，欧洲杯下注多为英式运动提供投注。欧洲杯下注为丰富多彩的体育项目提供投注，如足球、赛马、板球和飞镖，但这不是欧洲杯下注的唯一优势。在欧洲杯下注，全世界玩家都可以找到自己感兴趣的比赛进行投注。欧洲杯下注为网球和美式运动如棒球、美式足球、篮球、冰球开出的投注同样值得关注。在夏季或冬季奥运会方面，欧洲杯下注为玩家开出了丰富多彩的服务，是你的不二之选。你还可以投注水球、自行车和班迪球等小众体育项目，甚至可以为武术、拳击和综合格斗投注。欧洲杯下注为众多体育项目开出滚球投注。
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptx
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Recently uploaded (20)
220711130100 udita Chakraborty Aims and objectives of national policy on inf...
220711130100 udita Chakraborty Aims and objectives of national policy on inf...
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptx
220711130097 Tulip Samanta Concept of Information and Communication Technology
220711130097 Tulip Samanta Concept of Information and Communication Technology
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptx
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptx
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
BPSC-105 important questions for june term end exam
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Fungi were originally classified as plants because they grow in plac.pdf
- 1. Fungi were originally classified as plants because they grow in place without moving. Which of the following supports the inclusion of fungi with animals in the opisthonkont group instead of with plants in the archaeplastid group? Question 8 options: Fungi have mitochondria from endosymbiosis with proteobacteria Fungi produce spores to disperse in the air Fungi are heterotrophic Fungi use long, thin structures to get nutrients out of the soil Fungi have mitochondria from endosymbiosis with proteobacteria Fungi produce spores to disperse in the air Fungi are heterotrophic Fungi use long, thin structures to get nutrients out of the soil Solution The fungi are more closely related to animals than plants. The fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms that have a cell wall. The cell wall in fungi is made up of chitin. They produce enzymes that digest food outside their bodies. Unlike many plant species. The fungi reproduces by dispersing spores in the air. The correct answer is option C, fungi are heterotrphic as they cannot synthesize their own food.