This document provides information about a fundamentals of games and sports course. It outlines the course requirements including participation, reading assignments, and performance tasks. It also describes the topics that will be covered in the first lesson, including the different categories of sports and developing health and skill-related fitness. The document provides definitions and examples of individual sports, dual sports, and team sports. It also discusses the technical and tactical skills needed for sports as well as how to plan practice games.

1. FUNDAMENTAL OF
GAMES AND SPORTS
MR. RONN LESTER B. CANASTRA, LPT

2. FUNDAMENTAL OF GAMES AND SPORTS
COURSE REQUIREMENTS:
 All students should actively participated in all oral/online activities
and discussion.
 Read all assigned text and other materials attached per lesson.
 Punctual performance tasks such as performance task, quizzes,
class/home works, reflective papers, reports, projects, major
examinations and others.
 Regular checking of class attendance.

3. LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTAL OF SPORTS
FUNDAMENTAL OF SPORTS
Categories of Sports
Health Related/Skills Related Fitness
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
A. Identify the different categories of sports
B. Develop and both health and skills related fitness through citing your daily
routine activities.
No. of hours to complete: 2 Hours

4. ENABLING ACTIVITIES:
DIRECTION: List down the following word that refers to the categories and
example of sports. The word are interconnected and placed either vertically,
horizontally or diagonally
D T A B L E T E N N I S B V A S B T Y I O P S
V U V Y L P P K L N M T A U V I P T F L E D W
W A A K J O O B N D U E S Y B O O Y G W R S I
U B K L K N L N K S N A K T N P I U H N F A M
I S P C S M G M P I I M E R M L U I J N G V M
O D O B O P A O H A O S T E C K R O K J H M I
P C Q N O P O P L D P P B W X J Y F L J J N N
J X E M P G X R A F Z O A Q Z H T S Q K K B G
K Z R L L H Z E T W Y R L A A G E D W S L C I
V C S P K K V B I S X T L Z S F W F E A O X V
B N T K P B A D M I N S O O N D Q H R D P Z B
D U A L S P O R T S V O L L E Y B A L L K P L

5. DIRECTION: List down the following word that refers to the categories and
example of sports. The word are interconnected and placed either vertically,
horizontally or diagonally

6. SPORTS
 Sport (or sports) is all forms of usually competitive physical activity
which, through casual or organized participation, aim to use, maintain
or improve physical ability and skills while providing entertainment to
participants, and in some cases, spectators.
Categories of Sports
 It is an activity that requires physical actions and skills were
individual or teams compete under a set of rules.
 Sports is classified into:
 Individual Sports
 Dual Sports
 Team Sports

7. INDIVIDUAL SPORTS are played by one participant on
each competing side.
DUAL SPORTS are played by two competing pairs
TEAM SPORTS are played by three or more
players
 What is the difference of individual/dual sports vs. team sports?
 Individual Sports
 Foster a higher amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus and passion. There
are certain sports, such as golf, bowling, and tennis that, for the most part, are
considered individual sports, which are sports played alone without teammates.

8. Badminton Bowling Boxing Cycling Figure skating
Golf Skiing Snowboarding Surfing
Swimming Track and field Wrestling
 Skills
 There are thousands of individual sports, and the skill requirements for
each vary greatly; however, there are certain skills that apply to most individual
athletes. Most have high levels of cardiovascular fitness to allow for long hours
of practice and play. Most have well-toned muscles and are flexible.
 One major advantage of competing in an individual sport is that the athlete
can progress at her own pace to improve skills. The skills needed are more
mental than physical. It needs autonomy, self-discipline, focused thinking, and
passion. Must work on a specific skill over and over until it is mastered. Able to
practice as early or late as wanted and gets to take all the credit for winning.

9.  Critical Elements
 Individual sports also allow athletes to aim for personal goals without worrying about
hurting the team. For example, in distance running, an athlete will commonly shoot for a
personal best (known as a PB) several times per year. In fact, individual athletes are often
said to be competing against themselves. They do have competitors to beat, but they also
attempt to improve on their previous best performances as well.
There are two basic types of motivation. They are external motivation and intrinsic motivation.
 External motivation comes from someone else or involves gaining a reward. Examples of
external motivation include a coach yelling at you to do push-ups, winning a medal, or a
parent telling you to clean your room.
 Intrinsic motivation literally means that the desire comes from within. This is a trait that
many individual sport's athletes possess. Examples include deciding to run a personal best in
a 5K race or attempting to qualify for a big tournament. In individual sports, there are no
teammates to please or to put peer pressure upon you, as the pressure comes from yourself.

10.  Principles
There are four basic principles that govern training for an individual sport:
 Overload - You must train harder than normal to force your body to improve.
 Progression - You must start slowly and build up to overload.
 Reversibility - If you stop training, you will lose some of your gains, but, if you start
training again, you can get back to your peak.
 Specificity - You must train the muscles specific to your sport.

11. Team Sports
 A team sport includes any sport which involves players working
together towards a shared objective. A team sport is an activity in which a
group of individuals, on the same team, work together to accomplish an
ultimate goal which is usually to win. This can be done in a number of ways
such as outscoring the opposing team. Team members set goals, make
decisions, communicate, manage conflict, and solve problems in a
supportive, trusting atmosphere in order to accomplish their objectives.
This can be seen in sports such as hockey, football, basketball, volleyball,
tennis, water polo, lacrosse, rowing, rugby league, rugby union, cricket,
handball and many others.

12.  Every team sport is different. Some team sports are practiced between
opposing teams, where the players interact directly and simultaneously
between them to achieve an objective. The objective generally involves
teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar item in accordance
with a set of rules, in order to score points. This usually involves careful
strategic planning, good preparation, and a mental and physical toughness
of each individual that is part of the team. Team sports rely on all of the
players working together equally in order to succeed at the task at hand.
Being part of a team sport requires that each athlete has patience and
perseverance since the goals put forth to accomplish might take some time
to meet. This involves a good deal of dedication, hard work, and good
leadership over that span of time.

13. What does one need to know in playing sports?
 Some of the important aspects to consider in learning sports:
1. History
2. Court Dimension/Venue
3. Equipment and Gear
4. Technical and Tactical Skills
5. Rules of the Games
6. Officiating
Technical Skills
 These are basic or fundamental skills needed to play the game.
 Ex. In basketball (dribbling, passing, and shooting)
Tactical Skills
 These are the decision making skills or strategies used in different situation
during the game. A use of tactical decision during a game is called game
sense.
 Ex. The use of quick pass and movement against a taller but slower
opponent in basketball.

14. Five steps in teaching Tactical Skills
 Distinguishing the important decision
 Establishing essential knowledge for athletes
 Recognizing the signal in situation
 Giving appropriate tactical options
 Planning a practice game
Planning a Practice Game
1. Preparation/Planning
 Date, time and duration of training/practices
 Objectives/Goals
 Equipment needed during training/practices
2. Training Proper
 Warm- up/ Stretching
 Teaching new skills/practice a previous taught skills
 Practice game
 Cool down and assessment

15. Choosing a Sport
 Some of the consideration that will guide and individual in their choices of sports
include:
1. Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sport activities.
2. Enjoyment derived from the activity
3. Previous activity tried and enjoyed
4. Financial capacity or budget .Activities like skating, golf, and scuba diving required
financial investment on equipment and actual activity.
5. State of health and level of fitness. Demand physical activity may be excessive for
the body, having a good condition is recommended.
6. Other alternative activities that will give motivation.

16. HEALTH AND SKILLS RELATED FITNESS
What Is Physical Fitness?
 Physical fitness can be defined as a set of characteristics that are either health-
related or skill-related. It refers to your ability to perform physical tasks efficiently as
it relates to a particular sport or your day-to-day activities. In addition to physical
health, being physically fit helps improve your mental, emotional, and social health.
Health-Related Physical Fitness
 Health-related physical fitness is primarily associated with disease prevention
and functional health. Participating in regular health-related fitness helps you
control your weight, prevents diseases and illness, improves your mood, boosts
energy, and promotes better sleep.

17. It is made up of five sections: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength,
muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
 Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of your heart, blood cells, and
lungs to work continuously for extended periods of time. This is how
efficiently your body takes in, transports, and uses oxygen while exercising.
Having efficient heart and lungs leads to increased energy throughout the
day.
 Muscular strength is the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce
in a single effort or how much you can lift in one attempt. Performing
exercises that use your own body weight, free weights, or weights on a
machine are excellent ways to develop muscle strength. Having muscular
strength will ensure that you have the strength needed to lift a heavy
object, for example a box full of books.
 Muscular endurance is your ability to contract your muscles several times
without excessive fatigue. Another way to think about it is the length of time
your muscles can continue to work before tiring. What this means is once
you have picked up that heavy box of books, you can then carry that box
for a long period of time before you need to take a break.

18.  Flexibility is the range of motion that your joints have during movement.
Maintaining flexibility can improve your performance in physical activities in
addition to decreasing your risk of injuries by helping your joints move
through their full range of motion, therefore, allowing your muscles to work
most effectively. Stretching and yoga can be done to help improve your
flexibility.
 Body composition is the ratio of water, bone, muscle, and fat in the body.
A healthy body composition indicates that you may have less risk of
developing obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes, high blood
pressure, and even some cancers.
Two of the ways to measure body composition are body mass index, (BMI),
which is a measure of body fat based on height and weight, and the skin fold
test, which measures total fat percentages by measuring the layer of fat that is
directly under the skin.

19. Skill-Related Physical Fitness - is the ability to perform during games and
sports; it is also called performance fitness. This type of physical fitness is
important for performing the more technical aspects of many sports. There are
six skill-related physical fitness sections: agility, balance, coordination, power,
reaction time, and speed.
Agility
 Is the ability to change the position of your body and to control the
movement of your whole body. Agility is an important quality in many
sports, because you must change direction rapidly and always have your
body under control.
Balance
 Is the ability to keep an upright posture while either standing still or
moving. Good balance in essential in many activities like skating, surfing,
skiing, and gymnastics.
Power
 Is the ability to perform with strength at a rapid pace. Strength and
speed are both involved in power. Football players, swimmers, shot-
putters, discus throwers, and high jumpers are examples of athletes who
typically have a high degree of power.

20. Reaction Time
 Is the amount of time it takes to start a movement once your senses
signal the need to move. People with good reaction time can usually start
quickly in track and swimming or react quickly in ping pong or karate.
Coordination
 Is the integration of eye, hand, and foot movements. This component is
necessary for success in such sports as baseball, softball, tennis, golf, and
basketball.
Speed
 Is the ability to cover a distance in a short amount of time. Speed is a
very important factor in many sports and activities. Short runs are used to
evaluate speed.

21. ANNOUNCEMENT:
PLEASE CHECK YOUR LMS BECAUSE
I HAVE PREPARED SOMETHING FOR
ALL OF YOU 

22. The End