This document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, characteristics, generations of computers, and key technologies associated with each generation. It is divided into several sections that cover: the definition of a computer; characteristics of computers like automation, efficiency, accuracy, and versatility; inventors of modern computers like Charles Babbage; the five generations of computers from first to fifth generation and their associated hardware and software technologies; and representative computer systems from each generation. It concludes with contact information for the group members who authored the document.

1. Section:-C
I N T R O D U C T I O N
T O
CO M P U T E R S
C S E 1 1 2 : CO M P U T E R
F U N DA M E N TA L S
Department of Computer Science And Engineering

2. GROUP MEMBERS:
• Shahriar Hossain(181-15-10
• Md.Al-Amin(181-15-10510)
• Maimuna Akter(181-15-10555)
• Saikot Bain Joy(181-15-10496)
• Sheikh Shuvo
• Muslima Akter(181-15-10885)
• Protap Chakrabarty
(Computer & Characteristic of Computer)
(Modern Computer & Generations of
Computer)
(First Generation of Computer)
(Second Generation Of Computer)
(Third Generation of Computer)
(Four Generation of Computer)
(Fifth Generation of Computer)

3. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
A Computer is a machine that
manipulates data according to a set of
instructions.
A computer is a programmable
machine that receives input, stores and provides
output in a useful format, they can be constructed
out of almost anything.
The word computer comes from the word
“compute”, which means, “to calculate” .

4. CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPUTER:
Automation: Once the instructions fed into the computer it works automatically
without any human intervention until the completion of execution of a program until
meets logical instructions to terminate the job.
Efficiency: The computer processed data in nano second which is beyond of human
capacity.
Accuracy: Computers can perform floating point operation to so many decimal points that the
accuracy is beyond expected.
Diligence: As computer is a machine, not a living being, it never gets tired. Simply, it
can also keep repeating the same task as many times as it is asked too.
Versatility: It has capacity of multitasking. You can enjoy multimedia, word processing,
printing, and communicating jobs from one platform without closing other. This type
facilities has made it versatile and popular.

5. INVENTOR OF MODERN COMPUTERS:
Charles Babbage is considered to be the father of modern
digital computers
He was an English mathematician, analytical philosopher,
mechanical engineer and computer scientist who originated the idea
of a programmable computer
He designed a "difference engine" in 1821 which was a very large
and complicated machine intended for doing logarithmic calculations
automatically.
He designed a fully automatic analytical engine in 1842 for
performing basic arithmetic functions.

6. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER:
Generation in computer terminology is a change in
technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the
generation term was used to distinguish between varying
hardware technologies. Nowadays, generation includes both
hardware and software, which together make up an entire
computer system.
There are Five Generation Of Computer.Which are:
First Generation: The period of first generation: 1946-1959
Second Generation: The period of second generation: 1959-1965
Third Generation: The period of third generation: 1965-1971
Fourth Generation: The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980
Fifth Generation: The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards.

7. 1ST GENERATION COMPUTER:
Key Hardware Technologies:
-> Vacuum Tubes
-> Electromagnetic relay memory
-> Punched cards secondary storage
Key Software Technologies:
->Machine and Assembly Languages
->Stored program concept
->Scientific applications
Key Characters:
-> Bulky size and Highly unreliable
-> Costly and difficult to use
-> Limited commercial use
Representative Systems:
->EDVAC, EDSAC, ENIAC
->IBM 701
->UNIVAC 1
Vacuum Tubes

8. 2ND GENERATION COMPUTER:
Key Hardware Technologies:
-> Transistors
-> Magnetic core memory
-> Magnetic tape disk for secondary
Key Software Technologies:
-> Batch Operating System
-> High Level Programming Languages
-> Scientific and commercial applications
Storage.
Key Characters:
-> Faster, Smaller, More reliable than
previous one
-> Easier to program
-> Costly and difficult to Commercial
production
Representative Systems:
-> Honey Well 400
-> IBM 7030
-> LARC, UNIVAC, CDC 1604
Transistars

9. 3RD GENERATION COMPUTER:
Key Hardware Technologies:
-> ICs with SSI and MSI Technologies
-> Larger magnetic core memory and
disk capacity
-> Larger Magnetic tapes as secondary
storage
Key Software Technologies:
-> Timesharing operating Systems
-> High level programming language
-> Unbundling of software from hardware
Key Characters:
-> Faster, Smaller, more reliable and
easier to use
-> Cheaper to produce commercially
-> Scientific, commercial and online
software
Representative Systems:
-> IBM 360/370
-> PDP 8, PDP 11
-> CDC 6600
ICs

10. 4TH GENERATION COMPUTER:
Key Hardware Technologies:
-> ICS with VLSI Technology
-> Microprocessors,Semiconductor
Memory
-> Hard disk, Magnetic tapes,
floppy disks as storage
Key Software Technologies:
-> OS for PC with GUI and Windows in single
terminal.
-> Object Oriented Programming.
-> Unix Operating System with C programming.
Key Characters:
-> Small, Affordable, Reliable, Easy to Use
-> General purpose machine
-> Easy to produce, upgrade and
development
Representative Systems:
-> Apple II, IBM PC
-> TRS 80, VAX 9000
-> CRAY 1, 2, X/MP

11. 5TH GENERATION COMPUTER:
Key Hardware Technologies:
-> ICS with ULSI Technology
-> Larger capacity memory
-> Hard disk with RAID support and
Optical disk
Key Software Technologies:
-> Micro kernel
-> Multithreading and Distributed OS
-> Parallel programming libraries MPI, PVM
Key Characters:
-> Use super large scale integrated chips
-> Artificial Intelligence, Recognize Image
and Graphs
-> Work with natural language and
decision making
Representative Systems:
-> IBM notebooks
-> Pentium PC
-> SUN workstation

12. THE END