frustration, conflict, stress, defense mechanism explained briefly

1. CHAPTER 6

2. FRUSTRATION,
CONFLICT
AND STRESS

3. WHAT IS FRUSTRATION?
WHEN DOES IT OCCUR?
As an event, the
thwarting
circumstances that
block or interfere with
goal-directed activity is

4. WHAT FACTORS
CAUSE
FRUSTRATION?

5. 1. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Example: Obstacle such as
traffic jams, crowded lines
at the supermarket,
droughts that destroy a
farmer crops, noise that
prevents concentration,
floods that delay us in our

6. 2. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Example:
Restrictions
imposed by other
people laws,
customs, norms of

7. 3. INDIVIDUAL’S OWN
LIMITATION
Example: Lack of
specific abilities,
physical

8. 4. CONFLICT
What is a conflict?
- Related to frustration is the
state of conflict which
results when we must make
a choice of alternatives and
cannot arrive at a decision.

9. One of the confusing things
about frustration and conflict
is that each may be the
consequence of the other.
Ex. Boy meets girl, asks for a
date and is turn down:
result—frustration. Should be
ask again or give up? --

10. FOUR TYPES OF CONFLICT
1. Approach – approach
2. Avoidance –
avoidance
3. Approach – avoidance
4. Double/multiple

11. 1. APPROACH - APPROACH
This type of conflict
occurs when the
individual has two
desirable but mutually
exclusive goals.
+G ←P→ +G

12. 2. AVOIDANCE - AVOIDANCE
This type of conflict
occurs when there are two
undesirable situations but
cannot avoid one without
encountering the other.
- →P← -

13. 3. APPROACH - AVOIDANCE
 The conflict occurs when a person is
both attracted and repelled by the
same object , person or situation.
This is difficult to resolve.
 The person is attracted to a goal that
has both positive and negative
values.
±G
P

14. 4. DOUBLE/MULTIPLE APPROACH
In this type of conflict
one is attracted to two
positive goals but each
one has negative
alternatives.
Job Offer Job Offer
P

15. WHAT ARE SOME OF
THE IMMEDIATE
REACTIONS TO
FRUSTRATIONS?

16. 1. AGGRESSION
Generally , aggression is a kind of
behavior intended to harm another
person. It is either physically or
verbally. There are also two kinds of
aggression namely:
a. Direct aggression
b. Displaced Aggression (Indirect)

17. 2. APATHY
 This is another response to frustration
which is just the opposite of aggression.
This kind of behavior shows indifference
or withdrawal. Children whose
aggressive outburst are never
successful, who find they have no
power to satisfy their needs by means
of their own actions, may well resort to
apathy and withdrawal when confronted
with subsequent frustrating situations.

18. 3. REGRESSION
This behavior is described as a turn
to childish forms of behavior. Adults
sometimes resort to immature forms
of behavior when faced with
frustrating situations like to yell or
start a fist fight, give up any attempt
to cope and seek someone to solve
the problem for them.

19. HOW ARE DEFENSE
MECHANISM
DESCRIBED?

20. WHAT IS A DEFENSE
MECHANISM?
Defense mechanism
refers to the unconscious
processes that protect a
person against anxiety by
distorting reality in some
way.

21. Defense mechanisms can be
compared to drugs that
reduce symptoms without
curing the ailment. Similarly ,
defense mechanisms may
provide relief from anxiety
until more realistic ways of
solving personal problems
can be worked out.

22. THE FOLLOWING ARE A FEW
OF THE DEFENSE
MECHANISMS THAT CAN BE
MENTIONED HERE:

23. This is a defense
mechanism by which
unacceptable impulses
or ideas are not
perceived or allowed
into full awareness.
1. DENIAL

24. This is a denial of an impulse
or memory that might provoke
feelings of guilt by its
disappearance from
awareness. This denial is a
defense against internal
threats.
2. REPRESSION

25. is a defense mechanism that allows
us to act out unacceptable impulses
by converting these behaviors into a
more acceptable form.
For example, a person experiencing
extreme anger might take up kick-
boxing as a means of venting
frustration.
3. SUBLIMATION

26. A defense mechanism in
which self-esteem is
maintained by assigning
plausible and acceptable
reasons for conduct entered
on impulsively or for less
acceptable reason.
4.RATIONALIZATIO
N

27. A defense mechanism in
which a person denies a
disapproved motive
through giving strong
expression to its opposite.
5. REACTION-
FORMATION

28. A defense mechanism in
which people protect
themselves from
awareness of their own
undesirable traits by
attributing those traits
6. PROJECTION

29. A defense mechanism tries
to make a person gain
detachment from an
emotionally threatening
situation by dealing with it
in abstract , intellectual
7.
Intellectualization

30. This refers to a motive that is
not directly expressed but
appears in a more acceptable
form.
Displacement involves taking
out our frustrations, feelings
and impulses on people or
8.
DISPLACEMENT

31. This defense mechanism allows
the individual to counterbalance
his feelings of inadequacy by
doing well in another activity.
Ex. A crippled individual could
develop his physique through body-
building exercise or excelling in
sports. This is a positive
9.
COMPENSATION

32. Example negative compensation
are found in people who pretend
to be superior than others to
cover up their feelings of
inadequacy; in the student who
distracts attention of classmates
or making “show offs” because
they believe that nobody notices
them or is in need of recognition.

33. This is also a type of
compensation for a weakness
by exerting too much effort to
overcome it.
Ex. Ludwig Van Beethoven
suffered from deafness, yet
became one of the world’s
10.
OVERCOMPENSATION

34. This mechanism is helpful
in releasing some
repressed feelings by
“taking it out’ to a
confidante.
Ex. Good “bull sessions” with
friends and T- group training
11. CATHARSIS

36. “STRESS”

37. Stress can come
from any situation
or thought that
makes you feel
frustrated, angry,
nervous, worried
and tense .
WHAT IS STRESS?

41. WHAT ARE
PHYSIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF
STRESS?

43. HOW CAN LAUGHTER BE UTILIZED
AS A STRESS DIFFUSER?

44. “LAUGT
HER IS
THE
BEST
MEDICI

45. VIDEO

46. VIDEO SCANDAL IN THE FAMILY

47. WHAT FACTORS
INFLUENCE THE
SEVERITY OF
STRESS?

48. Being able to foresee
the occurrence of a
stressful event, even
if we can’t control it
usually reduces its
severity.
PREDICTABILIT

49. Having control over
the duration of a
stressful event also
reduces its severity.
2. CONTROL OVER
DURATION

50. The stressful event can
be perceived quite
differently by two
people, depending on
what the situation
means to them.
COGNITIVE
EVALUATION

51. A persons confidence
in his or her ability to
handle a stressful
situation is a major
factor in determining the
severity of the stress.
FEELINGS OF
COMPETENCY

52. support and
concern of other
people can make
stress more
bearable.
SOCIAL
SUPPORT