The document summarizes the history of colonial settlements in the Middle and Southern colonies, including New Netherland, Carolina, and Georgia. It describes the Dutch colony of New Netherland and its eventual takeover by the British. It then discusses the founding and development of the Carolina and Georgia colonies, including the establishment of Charles Town, the use of the gun trade with Native Americans, the founding of Georgia as a social experiment, and Carolina's success cultivating rice which led to the importation of many slaves.

2. 12: Middle Colonies
Dutch Empire
 In the earth 1600s, the Dutch were particularly
successful in North America, shipping more
cargo than France, Spain and England
combined
 Amsterdam, the Dutch capital, was the
greatest economic center in Northern Europe
 The Dutch had an unusual government; a
decentralized, liberal republic with religious
freedom, in addition to greater tolerance to
new ideas
 With its great wealth, the Dutch created the
most powerful navy in Europe, and in 1628
captured a Spanish treasure fleet with 200,000
pounds of silver
 However, faced with attacks from the French
and British, they had to abandon their
American colonies to defend other areas in
extensive empire

3. 12: Middle Colonies
New Netherland
 The Dutch colony of New Netherland
was diverse due to the Dutch policy of
religious acceptance; in fact, the Dutch
were a minority
 Women were also allowed more
freedom than in other European
colonies, such as more legal rights
 New Netherland stagnated, however, in
terms of growth due lack of immigration
because of the high standard of living at
home and Netherland’s other colonies
with more incentives
 British immigrants were far more
numerous due to the economic
difficulties there, and religious
prosecution

4. 12: Middle Colonies
The Navigation Acts
 The Navigation Acts were English
rules which allowed only English
Ships to trade with English
colonies
 The Navigation Acts also restricted
certain profitable resources like
Tobacco and sugar to trade with
England only
 In addition, all European goods
had to be passed through a port to
be taxed
 The restrictions were meant to
increase English trade and
revenue, in addition to the amount
of ships built

5. 12: Middle Colonies
Dutch Conflict With Britain
 The Dutch fought three wars in
protest against the navigation
acts, but they ended in a draw
 In 1664 an English mission to
capture New Netherland, which
succeeded, and in 1667 the
colony was awarded in writing
to the British.
 Despite a renewed attempt to
take New Netherland, the
Dutch finally gave up, and the
English henceforth had control
of most of the Eastern coast

6. 11: Carolina
British Settlement of Carolina
 Charles Town was founded in 1670
in honor of King Charles II, which
would be the capital of the new
settlement which included modern
North and South Carolina
 To dissuade Spanish attack (as the
area was claimed by the
Spanish), Britain succeeded in
attracting many colonists to the
area because of cheap land and
religious freedom
 The land opportunities attracted
farmers, as well as the poor, who
were guaranteed a plot of land
after some years as an indentured
servant

7. 11: Carolina
The Gun Trade
 Carolinian leaders offered
guns to natives in return for
catching slaves
 The Gun Trade was a
damaging force to native
society, because the natives
would capture each other’s
people to sell as slaves in
order to pay for their weapons
 The Gun Trade created a
reliance on the European guns
and ammo trade

8. 11: Carolina
Georgia
 In the 1720s, Georgia was founded in honor
of King George
 The Georgia Trustees, a group of London
philanthropists and social
reformers, wanted to use Georgia as a
social experiment by sending poor English
there to teach them about hard work
 The funding for the colony by the English
Parliament made Georgia the first colony
paid for by British people directly
 It was forbidden for the imported colonists
to use slave labor on their farms, and was
the first colony to do so
 Eventually these new colonists rejected the
Georgia Trustees, and the colony became
similar to the Carolinas

9. 11: Carolina
Rice
The Carolinas decided that they needed
a staple export of their colony
Colonists began producing tar and
eventually became the leader in tar
exports
However the Carolina’s success with
growing rice made it their top export
product
From 1700 to 1740, exports of rice went
for 400,000 pounds to 4.3 million
pounds
The need for workers to cultivate the
product created a large importation of
slaves