This document discusses different types of optical fibers and their configurations. There are three main types: single-mode fiber, which only allows one light ray and is used for long distance communication; multimode step-index fiber and multimode graded-index fiber, which allow multiple light rays but have greater signal degradation. Single-mode fiber has a small core diameter of 5um while multimode fiber has a larger core of 40um. Optical fibers are used widely in telecommunications, medicine, defense, and broadcasting due to their advantages of being economical, thin, low power consumption, and causing little signal degradation.

1. OPTICAL MODES
AND
CONFIGURATION
Ms.S.Sindhumathy

2. OPTICAL MODES AND CONFIGURATION:
•There are basically three types of optical fiber: single
mode, multimode graded index, and multimode step-
index. They are characterized by the way light
travels down the fiber and depend on both the
wavelength of the light and the mechanical geometry
of the fiber.

4. 2 of 10
Types of Fiber optics
On the basis of the Number of Modes:
•Single-mode fiber: In single-mode fiber,
only one type of ray of light can propagate
through the fiber. This type of fiber has a
small core diameter (5um) and high cladding
diameter (70um) and the difference between
the refractive index of core and cladding is
very small. There is no dispersion i.e. no
degradation of the signal during traveling
through the fiber. The light is passed through
it through a laser diode.

5. •Multi-mode fiber: Multimode fiber allows a large
number of modes for the light ray traveling through it.
The core diameter is generally (40um) and that of
cladding is (70um). The relative refractive index
difference is also greater than single mode fiber. There is
signal degradation due to multimode dispersion. It is
not suitable for long-distance communication due to
large dispersion and attenuation of the signal. There are
two categories on the basis of Multi-mode fiber i.e. Step
Index Fiber and Graded Index Fiber. Basically these are
categories under the types of optical fiber on the basis
of Refractive Index

8. Optical Transmission
Modes:
a)Step Index.
b)Graded Index.
c)Single Mode.

9. Advantages of Optical
Fibre Communication:
•Economical and cost-
effective.
•Thin and non-flammable.
•Less power consumption.
•Less signal degradation.

10. Disadvantages of Optical
Fiber:
The cost of optical fiber is
a trade-off between
capacity and cost. At
higher transmission
capacity, it is cheaper than
copper. At lower
transmission capacity, it is

11. Top 10 Largest Optical Fiber
Manufacturing Companies in
India
•Dron Edge
•Telephone Electronic Corp
•Finolex Cables Ltd
•M-Core
•Aksh Optifibre Limited
•Illumination Systems Pvt Ltd
•Vindhya Telelink Ltd

12. APPLICATIONS:
•Medical Industry: Medical equipment like
biomedical lasers, microscope lasers, surgical
lasers, and endoscope lasers are all made up of
lasers.
•Defense: Aerospace and Military use fiber optics
for data transfer which is highly secured. Sonar,
Aviation wings, and seismic applications all apply
fiber material to them.
•Broadcasting: Cables that give high bandwidth
HDTV signals are made of fiber optic cable,
which is very cheap compared to copper cables.
•Lightings and Decorations: Optical fiber is also
used in decorating Christmas trees.

13. THANK YOU!!!!