The document discusses four options for upgrading an aging 10-year old SQL Server 2005 database management system: 1) Do nothing and risk security issues and non-compliance, 2) Move to a different platform which requires careful planning, 3) Migrate to the newer SQL Server 2014 for improved performance and compatibility, or 4) Host SQL in the cloud to remove infrastructure constraints and potentially achieve returns on investment within months. The author recommends upgrading to avoid security and compliance issues.