This PowerPoint Slide show covers the Governance of Madinah after the migration of Prophet Muhammad. It marks the starting point of Muslim calendar. It saved Islam from becoming just another small sect in Makkah. It was the point of Islamic consolidation and expansion.It gave Muslims a chance to learn and develop their religion.

1. Foundation of the
Republic of Madina
After Migration

2. Importance of Hijrat
I. Starting point of Muslim calendar.
II. Hijrat saved Islam from becoming just another small sect in Makkah.
III. Starting point of Islamic consolidation and expansion.
IV. Madina became a center around which all the tribes of Arabia were
united into a nation.
V. Hijrat gave Muslims a chance to learn and develop their religion.

3. Importance of Hijrat
VI. Hijrat revealed the moral and physical strength of the Muslims.
VII. Put an end to the vicious rivalry between Aus and Khazraj.
VIII. Hijrat provided the Holy Prophet (PBUH) with an opportunity to practically establish an Islamic state based on the principles
of equality, fraterninty, brotherhood, justice, fair-play and welfare of all citizens.
IX. Having gathered together in one land, the Muslims were now able to defend Islam effectively and proclaim its teachings to
everyone around.
X. As the Muslims now actually had a country based on solid foundations, it enabled them to take necessary steps to keep that
country strong and stable.
XI. The Muslims were able to invite people to the fold of Islam not only in Macca or Madina but also in other parts of the inhabited
world.
XII. As Muslims were strong in Madina unlike Makkah, a group of hypocrites emerged under Abdullah bin Ubai which tried to
weaken Muslims from within.
XIII. The presence of Muslims at Madina posed a direct threat to the trade caravans which used to ply from Makkah to the
northern regions of Arabia.

4. Political parties in Madina after Hijrat
The Muhajirin (about
150 in all)
the Ansar
the Munafiqeen
the Jews
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

5. Brotherhood of Muhajirin and Ansar:
The Muhajirin arrived in Madina in a deplorable condition
Muhammad (PBUH) formed between Muhajirin and Ansar a brotherhood
based not onblood or kinship, but one based on religion.
The Ansar gave their Muhajirin brothers half of their property and wealth.
The Muhajirin were treated as real brothers of the Ansar in matters of
inheritance as well.
The Muhajirin took to trade and grew rich themselves.
After the Battle of Badr, the League of Brotherhood was abrogated
because of the immense war booty that was captured.
“The sins of the emigrants – are forgiven.” (3:195)

6. The Charter of Madina
The Charter was
basically divided into
three parts:
I. Political Clauses.
II. Civic Clauses.
III. Religious Clauses

7. Political Clauses:
Muslims and Jews constitute one political Ummah against the whole mankind.
• The valley of Madina would be a place of peace for its citizens, Muslims or Jews.
Sovereignty of Allah and the Presidency of His Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) would settle differences,
controversies and disputes between people.
• If there is any mischief, guidance will be sought from the Prophet (PBUH).
• No one in Madina could declare war without the permission of the Prophet (PBUH)
Duties of War and Peace War and Peace shall be in common.
• The Jews and Muslims will help each other if someone attacks Madina.
• If the Jews and Muslims fight side-by-side, each will bear the cost.
• If either the Muslims or the Jews make peace, both will have to make peace, except for religious wars.
• During Jihad, no Muslim will make peace with the enemy without others’ unanimous consent i.e. Muslims will be one body during
war or peace.
Prohibition of civil strife.
• There will be love, faithfulness and fidelity between the Muslims and Jews.
Duties of non-Muslims.
• None may offer refuge to the life or property of the Quraish of Makkah.

8. Civic Clauses:
•Muhajirin and Ansar will be responsible for their own wards.
•Payment of blood money will be cooperative, while each will ransom their prisoners separately.
Peace and blood-money-
•Muslims will rescue those deeply in debt.
•No Muslim will enter into direct relations with one who has already entered into contract with another believer.
Debt and Contract
•Muslims will unanimously rise against tyranny, oppression and evil.
Breach of peace and other
offenses.
•No Muslim will assassinate another Muslim on behalf of an infidel, nor will he help a non-Muslim against a
Muslim.
Duties of Believers.
•Whosoever kills a Muslim intentionally shall be retaliated against, unless the victim’s relatives agree to accept
blood money.
•No Believer will harbor a murderer, nor will he encourage him.
Murder and its punishment.
•He who has received a minor injury will not be stopped from retaliating.
Right of retaliation or self-
defense.
•Whosoever murders will be responsible for his tribe and himself.
Responsibility for murder.

9. Religious Clauses:
• Muslims are brothers and will defend and offer refuge
to each other. If a Jew becomes a Muslim, he is equal
to other Muslims and he will not be harmed.
Mutual responsibility
and brotherhood of
Muslims.
• Muslims are in a political alliance with the Jews and
are one with them.
Political alliance
with the Jews.
• There is to be tolerance of religion between Jews and
Muslims.
• Whoever breaches this clause is responsible for him
and his family.
Freedom of worship
and the Principle of
Tolerance.

10. Effects of the Charter of Madina:
Brought out complete transformation of the
political, religious and civic life of Madina.
Established political unity and transformed a
city of warring tribes into a peaceful state.
Introduced a complete civil and criminal law,
gave equality to the common man.
Protected the life and property of every man
in Madina.

11. Significance of the Charter of Madina:
It has been called the Magna Carta of early Islam.
Through this Charter, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) planned to integrate Jews who had fortified themselves in their castles and
were trying to form a rule of their own into the city-state of Madina. They could not be allowed to start a civil war by breaking
away from the state.
The old system of loyalty to the tribe was to be replaced, as a tribe could not guarantee protection beyond its own small
confines. Also, tribes waged wars without any law being imposed on them.
This charter bound every man in Madina to owe his allegiance to the state and the state alone on matters like warfare and
law and order.
This effect went beyond just Madina and eventually united the whole of Arabia.
This Charter also bound the Muslims tightly into a single community, who would live and die together.

12. JazakAllahukhair