The farewell address of Prophet Muhammad was indeed addressed to all humankind at all times and for all generations. It encompasses many aspects of life (general and specific). He laid down the foundation of morality, chastity, modesty, justice, equality, brotherhood, and accountability. He abolished economic exploitation, human enslavement, paganism, transgression, international law and all systems that contradict with the system of Allah (God). Furthermore, Muslim international law also dealt long ago, before the Dutch lawyer Hugo Grotius (d. 1645ad) who is considered to be the father of international law. Extracted from many resources such as : "Thematic Analysis of Values in the Public Communication of Prophet Muhammad" by Mr ALI ZOHERY, Ph.D A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of HOWARD UNIVERSITY for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Communication and Culture Washington, DC, August 2004

1. LESSON FROM LAST SERMON OF
PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH)
The farewell address of Prophet Muhammad was
indeed addressed to all humankind at all times
and for all generations. It encompasses many
aspects of life (general and specific).
He laid down the foundation of morality, chastity,
modesty, justice, equality, brotherhood, and
accountability.
He
abolished
economic
exploitation, human enslavement, paganism,
transgression, international law and all systems
that contradict with the system of Allah (God).
ASKAR TRIWIYANTO
(PhD - ME)
Furthermore, Muslim international law also dealt
long ago, before the Dutch lawyer Hugo Grotius
(d. 1645ad) who is considered to be the father of
international law.
Maghrib Talk, 15 February 2012
Masjid An Nur Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
1

2. Sources of Presentation
1. MUHAMMAD (PBUH) AS NO. 1
2. Literature
Books
1. 100 Greats
2. Sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
3. Economic Teachings of Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH) 4. Seerat Books
Enclosures
5. Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
2

3. 3. LESSONS
1. Be Learnt
2. Be Reflected in real Life
3. Seerat as way of Life.
3

6. The religion of Islam is misunderstood in the western
world.
•
The Muslims images in the west are stereotyped with terrorism and
backwardness.
– Interpreting, analyzing and understanding the last sermon of the Prophet
Muhammad would correct the misunderstanding and introduce the
religion of Islam with its valuable values and principles to the non Muslims.
– The values mentioned in the last sermon of the Prophet, if applied, would
be a public and private policy. A way of life, every one would enjoy and live
in peace with each others regardless their different backgrounds, colours
or ethnics.
•
The farewell address of Prophet Muhammad was indeed addressed to all
humankind at all times and for all generations.
– It encompasses many aspects of life (general and specific).
– He laid down the foundation of morality, chastity, modesty, justice,
equality, brotherhood, and accountability.
– He abolished economic exploitation, human enslavement, paganism,
transgression and all systems that contradict with the system of Allah
(God).

7. •
He demanded that the congregating Muslims deliver his message to all
humankind. Accordingly, they did deliver the message. For this reason,
the message of Islam has spread through the centuries to every corner of
the world. The global population of Muslims is now more than one billion.
He has used Islam as the vehicle to transport others into his flock. The
values espoused in his speeches have generated untold number of
response exemplified by the geometric increase in the number of his
followers. This is the prove of the fact that people all over the world are
recognizing the power behind his messages and are slowly becoming
aware of themselves. He demonstrated how political leadership can be
fruitful.
•
In his political leadership communication, the Prophet’s demonstration of
extreme self-control made his followers to love him and his enemies either
to give up and join his religion or to fear him and stay away. There was no
human being who had his life more scrutinized and documented than the
Prophet Muhammad. His behaviour toward his companions was perfect
and towards his foes was fair. In essence, he was kind of educating them
about governance.

8. Lesson from Last Sermon of Prophet PBUH
Universality of the Speech
The Prophet directed his Speech to all humankind. He used the term O
People seven times. In the farewell address, the Prophet did not use
the terminology O Muslims or O Believer).
The prophet intention was to address all people regardless their
religions, colours or times (his time or any time after him until the day
of Judgement). The Prophets message was and still is to every person
every where in the world
In Surah Saba in the Quran Allah Says:
We have not sent you but as a universal (Messenger) to mankind,
giving them glad tidings, and warning them (against sin), but most
understand not. (34:28)
In his address, the Prophet addressed several issues:
• Freedom to all
• Sanctity of life, wealth and property
• Equality of all races
• Justice in front of the law and in front of God
• Womens rights and obligations
• Exploitation and Monopoly
• Rights of others

9. Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) (18)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Oneness of Allah
H
uman E
quality
Abolition of B
lood R
evenges
Abolition of Interest
H
uman Dignity
R
ights of W
omen
B
equest
Adultery
R
epayment of Debt
Individual Accountability
H
onesty
9

10. Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) (18)
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
B
rotherhood
Obedience of R
ulers
F
inality of P
rophethood
E
xternal Guidance
P
illars of Islam
P
reaching of Islam
F
ulfillment of M
ission
10

11. Address by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
1. ONE SS OF AL AH
NE
L
IB
ear witness that there is no God but Allah, the
one, having no partner with H
im. H is the
e
sovereignty and to him is due all praise. H grants
e
life and causes death and is powerful over
everything.
11

12. 2. H AN E
UM
QUAL Y
IT
Allah says: O P
eople W created you from one male and
e
female and made you into tribes and nations, so as to be
known to one another. Verily in the sight of Allah, the
most honor amongst you is the one who is most Godfearing. All mankind is the progeny of Adam and Adam
was fashioned out of clay. B
ehold! E
very claim of
privilege whether that of blood or property, is under my
heels except that of the custody of the K
a’bah and
supplying of water to the pilgrims.
3. AB IT
OL ION OF B OOD R VE
L
E NGE
S
B
ehold! All practice of the days of ignorance are now
under my feet. T
he blood revenges of the days of
ignorance are remitted.

13. 4. AB IT
OL ION OF INT RE
E ST
All interest and usurious dues recurring from the times
of ignorance stand wiped out.
5. H AN DIGNIT
UM
Y
O P
eople, verily your blood, your property and your
honor are sacred and inviolable until you appear before
your L
ord. Verily you will soon meet your L
ord and you
will be held answerable for your actions.

14. 6. RIGH S OF W E
T
OM N
OP
eople, verily you have got certain rights over your
women and your women have certain rights over you.
It is your right upon them to honor their conjugal right
and not to commit acts of impropriety, which if they do,
you are authorized by Allah to separate them form
your beds and chastise them, but not severely and if
they refrain form them, clothe and feed them properly.
T
reat the women kindly since they are your helpers and
are not in a position to manage their affairs
themselves. F
ear Allah concerning women, for verily
you have taken them on the security of Allah and have
made their persons lawful Unto you by words of Allah.

15. 7. B QUE
E
ST
OP
eople, Allah, the mighty and E
xalted, has ordained to
everyone his due share (of inheritance.) H
ence there is no
need (of special) testament for a heir (departing from
them rules laid down by the Shariah).
8. ADUL E
T RY
T child belongs to the marriage-bed and the violator of
he
wedlock shall be stoned. And Reckoning of their (deeds)
rests with Allah. H who attributes his ancestry to other
e
than his father, the curse of Allah is upon him.
9. RE
PAYM NT OF DE T
E
BS
All debts must be repaid, all borrowed property must be
returned, gifts should be reciprocated and a surety must
make good the loss to the assured.

16. 10. INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT IL Y
AB IT
B
eware, no one committing a crime is responsible for it
but himself. Neither the son is responsible for the crime
of his father, nor the father is responsible for the crime
of his son.
11. H
ONE Y
ST
Nothing of his brother is lawful for a Muslim except
what he himself gives willingly. So do not wrong
yourselves.
12. B
ROT E H
H R OOD
OP
eople, every M
uslim is the brother of other M
uslim,
and all the M
uslims form one brotherhood. T
ake heed
not to go astray after me, and strike on another’s
necks. H who (amongst you) has any trust with him,
e
he must return it to its owner.

17. 13. OB DIE
E NCE T RUL RS
O
E
O P
eople, L
isten and obey, though a mangled
Abyssinian slave is appointed your Ameer (R
uler)
provided he executes (the Ordinance of) the B
ook of
Allah among you.
14. F
INAL Y OF P OP E H
IT
R H T OOD
OP
eople, No prophet would be raised after me and no
new Ummah (would be formed after you).
15. E E NAL GUIDANCE
TR
OP
eople, understand my words which I convey to you,
I leave behind me two things, the Quran and my
examples; the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will
never go astray.

18. 16. P L
IL ARS OF ISL
AM
B
ehold! W
orship your L
ord; offer prayers five times a
day; observe fasts in the month of R
amadan; pay
readily the Zakat (poor due) on your property; and
perform pilgrimage to the house of Allah and obey
rulers and you will be admitted to the P
aradise of your
L
ord.
17. P ACH
RE
ING ISL
AM
L him that is present convey it unto him who is
et
absent. F many people to whom the message is
or
conveyed may be more mindful of it than the audience.

19. 18. F F L E OF M
UL IL M NT
ISSION
And if you were asked about me, what would you say?
P
eople answered; W bear witness, “you have
e
conveyed the trust (of religion) and discharged the
message and looked to our welfare”.
T
here upon Allah’s M
essenger (may peace be upon
him) lifted his fore-finger towards the sky and then
pointing towards people said; O “L
ord; B
ear T
hou
witness unto it”. O “L
ord: B
ear T
hou witness unto”. O
“L
ord: B
ear T
hou witness unto it”.

20. Summary of Last Sermon of Prophet PBUH
One can heed words of wisdom and guidelines from the last sermon
(khutbah) of the prophet (SAWS). His sermons emphasized on the
following:
• Sacredness of a Muslim’s life and property
• The importance of propagating this message to all others (A Muslim’s
responsibility thus does not end by following the religion)
• A reminder that everyone is fully accountable for their deeds and Allah
(God) will take every person into account. If everyone heeded to this
fact alone, the world would be a much better place today.
• “Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.” These words of the
prophet are self explanatory.

21. Summary of Last Sermon of Prophet PBUH
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The prohibition of dealing with interest (Numerous accounts in Quran
and Hadith prohibit taking, giving or being a part of any transaction
dealing with interest).
“You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity.” These words of the
prophet are self explanatory.
The awareness of satan and how satan can work to deviate us from
the right path and doing evil things.
Rights of women over men and rights of men over women.
Treatment of women with kindness.
Modesty and chastity in women.
The importance of worshiping Allah (saying your five daily prayers
(Salah), fasting during the month of Ramadan, giving charity (Zakat)
and performing pilgrimage (Hajj).
Equality amongst all (blacks, white, Arabs, non-Arabs, etc.)
The need to establish justice.
Islam is the final divine religion (Last prophet and Last Book).

22. • Reference: See Al-Bukhari, Hadith 1623,
1626, 6361) Sahih of Imam Muslim also refers
to this sermon in Hadith number 98. Imam alTirmidhi has mentioned this sermon in
Hadith nos. 1628, 2046, 2085. Imam Ahmed
bin Hanbal has given us the longest and
perhaps the most complete version of this
sermon in his Masnud, Hadith no. 19774.)

23. Abu Said al Khudriy meriwayatkan bahwa saat
Haji Wada’ Rasululullah bersabda :
“ Semoga Alloh swt mencerahkan orang yang
mendengar kata-kataku lalu menjaganya.
Betapa banyak orang yang membawa
pemahaman, tetapi ia sendiri tak paham. Tiga
hal yang seorang Mukmin tidak akan dengki
terhadapnya; mengikhlaskan amal kepada Alloh
swt, memberikan Loyalitas kepada pemimpin
kaum Muslimin dan selalu bergabung dengan
Jama’ah mereka” (HR. Al- Bazzar dan Ibnu
Hibban)

24. References
•
•
•
•
•
•
Prophet MUHAMMAD (PBUH) – As strategic Leader, Prof. Dr. Khawaja Amjad Saeed,
Founder Principal, Hailey College of Banking & Finance, University of the Punjab,
Pakistan (2003----),
Textual Analysis of the Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad PBUH, PhD Dissertation,
Howard University, Washington, 2004.
http://www.themodernreligion.com/prophet/prophet_lastsermon.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibMJ8OhC3ck&feature=related (Last Sermon of
Prophet PBUH)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dz6cJN1jU44 (everything Begins with tarbiyah)
http://www.iqrasense.com/about-islam/the-last-sermon-khutbah-of-prophetmuhammad-farewell-sermon.html