This document discusses migration and development. It defines migration as the movement of people between places and identifies the main types of migration as permanent, temporary, voluntary, or forced; and international or internal. Push factors that drive migration include lack of jobs, poverty, climate change, and civil strife, while pull factors are higher standards of living, labor demand, education, and family links. Migration contributes to development through remittances, which are twice as large as official development aid. The Philippines has an estimated 8-10 million overseas Filipinos, with the largest populations in the US, Saudi Arabia, Canada, and the UAE. Remittances are a major source of funds for the Philippines and are mostly used for food

1. MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2. FORUMMigration and DevelopmentAteneo de Davao UniversityLeila Rispens-NoelSenior Advisor, International Network of Alternative Financial Institutions (INAFI International)President, Wimler Foundation

3. MigrationWhat is Migration?Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.What are the main types of migration?Migration can be permanent, temporary, voluntary or forced. It can be international or internal.3

4. Push Factors of MigrationLack of jobs and PovertyClimate Change/Environmental problemsLack or under-employment at homeMarket forcesDiscriminationCivil Strife/War/Political and religious persecution4

5. Pull Factors of MigrationHigher standards of living/Higher wagesLabor DemandPolitical and/or religious freedomEnjoyment/Greener pasturesEducationBetter medical careSecurityFamily links5

6. What do we know?Migration can contribute to developmentRemittances are twice more than official development aid, just little behind than foreign direct investments.Migration is unstoppable6

7. Philippine International MigrationJanuary 19, 20117Global: in 2010, 214 million people work and live outside their countries of origin; nearly three percent of world’s population (IOM)Philippines: estimated 8-10 million overseas Filipinos spread in 193 countries; 10% are irregular; 60% are women

8. International Migration8

9. Top Destination Countries for Filipinos1. United States2. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia3. Canada4. United Arab Emirates5. Australia6. Malaysia7. Japan8. Qatar9. United Kingdom10. Singapore11. Hong Kong12. Kuwait13. Italy14. Taiwan15. South Korea9

10. Social Cost of Migration10Dysfunctional familiesCulture of migrationCulture of dependencyAbuses, violation of migrants’ rightsExclusionAbandoned childrenBrain drain, brain waste

11. Top 10 remittance recipient developing countries in US$ billion (WB)11

12. Philippine Remittances estimates 2010 - $440 billion2009 - $316 billion Expected to increase by 7.1% in 2011a faster pace of recovery in 2010 than The World bank earlier forecasts. 12

13. Remittances Compared with other Resource Flows13

14. Uses of RemittancesAbout 80% on:FoodEducationHealthRepayment of debtsRemaining amount for:SavingsInvestmentsDiaspora Philanthropy –hometown associations14

15. Not only RemittancesMigrants also contribute social remittances: skills, knowledge, networks, new ideas (politics) – in some countries (peace building, democratization, good governance)In time of disasterIn Host countries:Economy, culture15

16. What should we do and who will do it?16GovernmentMigrants and FamiliesDevelopment and international organizationsNGOs, trade unions, Diaspora/Migrant AssociationsAcademesFinancial sectorHost Countries

17. Recommendations for Academes, Students1. Data and information gathering e.g. thesis on causes, effects, and social costs of Migration in Mindanao and formulate recommendations based on their findings to be used as basis for government policies to improve situation of migrants and their families both at home and abroad.17

18. Recommendations (Cont.)Research on the impact of migration to rural developmentResearch on the impact of remittances to the development of MindanaoResearch on the impact of collective remittances (Diaspora philanthropy to the development in Mindanao)Research on how to promote and strengthen hometown associations as actors of developmentResearch on Gender, Migration and Development18

19. ADDU Migration and Development CenterResponds to lack of data on internal and international migration in Mindanao (research is usually done from ManilaInformation (action-oriented research) and based on Mindanao context provided by the Center can influence government policy (ex. Leveraging remittances and Diaspora philanthropy for developmentFuture-oriented data gathering can help those who plan to work abroad make informed decision; plan for it (purpose of migration)Should attract interest from ADDU alumni – (generate support from them)19

20. DAGHANG SALAMATwww.inafi.orgwww.wimler.orgleila.rispens-noel@wimler.org20