This document summarizes the formulation and evaluation of lovastatin porous tablets. Lovastatin tablets were formulated using microcrystalline cellulose, camphor, menthol, crospovidone, crosscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The tablets were evaluated for parameters like thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, and disintegration time both before and after drying. Formulation F6 containing 10% menthol showed the fastest disintegration time of less than 1 minute after drying, indicating menthol is the most effective subliming agent for producing porosity in the tablets. All evaluation parameters were within specified limits. Thus, porous lovastatin tablets with rapid drug release were successfully developed using
Effect of diluent types and soluble diluents particle size on the dissolution...Valentyn Mohylyuk
Effect of different diluents types on the dissolution profile of trimetazidine dihydrochloride and caffeine from Kollidon SR matrix tablets was investigated using microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-101), calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Emcompress) and sorbitol (Neosorb P100T). The decreasing of mentioned diluents possibility to slow down of model substances dissolution kinetics (at pH 6.8) had follow sequence: Avicel PH-101 > Emcompress > Neosorb P100T.Effect of soluble diluents particle size on dissolution profile of trimetazidine dihydrochloride and caffeine from Kollidon SR matrix tablets was investigated using sorbitol (Neosorb P100T, Neosorb P60 W and Neosorb P30/60) and lactose monohydrate (Sorbolac 400, Granulac 200 and Capsulac 60). The particle size increasing of lactose monohydrate from 11 to 251 μm and sorbitol from 110 to 513 μm decreased dissolution kinetics of model substances from Kollidon SR matrix tablets. Keywords : matrix tablets, Kollidon SR, caffeine, trimetazidine, diluent, particle size.
Effect of diluent types and soluble diluents particle size on the dissolution...Valentyn Mohylyuk
Effect of different diluents types on the dissolution profile of trimetazidine dihydrochloride and caffeine from Kollidon SR matrix tablets was investigated using microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-101), calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Emcompress) and sorbitol (Neosorb P100T). The decreasing of mentioned diluents possibility to slow down of model substances dissolution kinetics (at pH 6.8) had follow sequence: Avicel PH-101 > Emcompress > Neosorb P100T.Effect of soluble diluents particle size on dissolution profile of trimetazidine dihydrochloride and caffeine from Kollidon SR matrix tablets was investigated using sorbitol (Neosorb P100T, Neosorb P60 W and Neosorb P30/60) and lactose monohydrate (Sorbolac 400, Granulac 200 and Capsulac 60). The particle size increasing of lactose monohydrate from 11 to 251 μm and sorbitol from 110 to 513 μm decreased dissolution kinetics of model substances from Kollidon SR matrix tablets. Keywords : matrix tablets, Kollidon SR, caffeine, trimetazidine, diluent, particle size.
Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive ciprofloxacin hcl effervescent ...Sagar Savale
Ciprofloxacin HCL is an effervescent Tablet is made by Wet Granulation Method. Ciprofloxacin is a broad
spectrum Fluroquinolon antibiotics. Is mainly used for various Bacterial Infections. In this tablet bitter taste
was masked by saccharine as sweeting agent furthermore the effervescent effect of citric acid, tartaric acid
and sodium bicarbonate lead to Effervescent activity by realising the CO2 Molecule. Tablets are rapidly
dissolved and rapidly absorbed and give maximum activity. The Prepared Effervescent Tablet is Evaluated
In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, hardness test, weight variation
test, friability test and in vitro study. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to Satisfactory and
having a good free flowing property. The hardness, weight variation, and friability these values are within
the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies show Maximum percentage of release of drug
(99.26) with in end of 5 min.
formulation and evaluation of microbeadsgurleen kaur
Microencapsulation has been employed to sustain the drug release, reduce or eliminate drug related adverse effects, dose intake and improve the bioavailability inspite drug undergo extensive first pass metabolism ultimately improve the compliance in pharmacotherapy of inflammation and pain.
Microencapsulation by ionotropic gelation technique is one of the widely used method for preparation of calcium alginate beads which has ability to form gels reaction with calcium salts .
Microencapsulation has been employed to sustain the drug release, reduce or eliminate drug related adverse effects, dose intake and improve the bioavailability inspite drug undergo extensive first pass metabolism ultimately improve the compliance in pharmacotherapy of inflammation and pain.
Microencapsulation by ionotropic gelation technique is one of the widely used method for preparation of calcium alginate beads which has ability to form gels reaction with calcium salts .
Formulation and evaluation of fast-disintegrating tablets of FlupirtineijperSS
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in fast-dissolving or disintegrating tablets have brought convenience in dosing to elderly and children who have trouble in swallowing tablets. The main objective of the present study was to prepare the orally disintegrating tablets of Flupirtine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) using different superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Different concentrations (4%, 8%, and 10%) of super disintegrants such as Primogel, Kollidon Cl, Lycoat were used in the formulation. Mannitol was used as a bulking agent and to enhance the mouth feel and taste. The formulated tablets were evaluated for pre-formulation and post-formulation parameters and they were found to be satisfactory and within the official limits. All the tablets shown hardness 3-4.5kg/cm2, friability of all the formulations was less than 1%, weight variation and drug content were found to be within official limits. Amongst all formulations, the optimized formulation F9 was prepared with Lycoat as a super disintegrant showed least disintegration time and faster dissolution.
Key words: Flupirtine, fast-disintegrating tablet, direct compression method, superdisintegrants.
Abstract:
The purpose of present research work was to
optimize the formulation of fast dissolving tablet
of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is one the most
prescribed antiepileptic drug. Fast dissolving
tablets of carbamazepine were prepared by using
different types of superdisintegrants like
croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch
glycolate. Fast dissolving tablet is prepared by
direct compression method. The formulations
were evaluated for wetting time, hardness,
friability, content uniformity, invitro
disintegration time, release profile. The result
revealed that the formulation F5 which containing
the 5% croscarmellose sodium as a
superdisintegrant have good dissolution profile
with shortest Disintegration time. It can be
concluded that the tablet of carbamazepine with
better pharmaceutical properties than conventional
tablets could be obtained using formulation F5.
Background: The main objective of present research work is to formulate the Carbamazepine Fast Dissoving tablets. Carbamazepine, an
antiepileptic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain by
blocking use-dependent sodium channels. Methods: The Fast Dissoving tablets of Carbamazepine were prepared employing different
concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Sperdisintegrants by Direct Compression technique
using 32
factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1
and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t
50% ,t90%were selected as dependent variables. Results and Discussion:
Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, Invitro
drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro
dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) &
regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of
developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1
, C2
). According to SUPAC guidelines the
formulation (F5
) containing combination of 9.375% Crospovidone and 9.375% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor
f
2
=82.675, dissimilarity factor f1
= 2.049 & No significant difference, t= 0.041) to marketed product (TEGRETOL-100). Conclusion: The
selected formulation (F5
) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.665).
KEYWORDS: Carbamazepine, 3
2Factorial Design, Crospovidone , croscarmellose Sodium, Wetting Time, Disintegration Time.
Formulation and evaluation ofmetformin HCl micro beads by ionotropic gelation...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Micro Beads is formulated by the Ionotropic Gelation Method. The CMC is a Swellable
polymer is responsible for the Sustained release action or activity. A combination of CMC (Carboxy Methyl
Cellulose) and Sodium Alginate shows better sustained release activity. The PreparedSustained released Micro
Beadsis Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index, Swelling Index, Drug
Content, % Encapsulation Efficiency and vitro study. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The Drug Content and % Encapsulation Efficiency values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies shows Maximum percentage of release of drug
(71.15) with in end of 4 Hours.
Preparation and evaluation of deferasirox effervescent release tabletsSriramNagarajan19
Deferasirox is an oral iron chelater used to reduce chronic iron over load in patients who are receiving long term blood transfusion for condition such as beta-thalassemia. In this study deferasirox drug were formulated by direct compression. Six formulations of effervescent tablets were prepared by using different concentrations of effervescent agents to get desired release profile of reference product. Drug - Exciepient compatibility was studied by FT-IR spectral analysis. Effervescent tablets of deferasirox drug were prepared by using various excipients .Pre compressive parameters like carr’s index of all formulations between 22.54 ± 0.1 to 11.68 ±0.19, indicates passable compressibility index. Angle of repose of formulations from 37.34±0.04 to 33.50 ±0.14 i.e.., it declares that all are possessing good flow properties and hausners ratio of all formulations was 1.29±0.09 to 1.12±0.10 which satisfies the limits of compressibility. Post compressive parameters like weight are within limits .Hardness test of all the formulations from 9.3± 0.13 to 10.3 ±0.45 kg/cm2 .All the evaluation parameters were under acceptable ranges. The in vitro drug dissolution studies were carried out for the formulations in pH6.8 phosphate buffer .Dissolution profiles of all trials were done among all the formulations F6 better release. Stability studies were carried out for optimized formulation as per ICH guidelines.
Study of consolidation parameters -dissolution profile and pharmacokinetic p...Alakesh Bharali
This seminar basically includes the various consolidation parameters including dissolution parameters, diffusion parameters, pharmacokinetics parameters and the Heckels equation.But in this seminar, the dissolution parameters are discussed in detail.Dissolution is a process in which a solid substance solubilises in a given solvent i. e . Mass transfer from the solid surface to the liquid phase.the different types of dissolution apparatus are discussed in detail.The dissolution acceptance criteria and the dissolution parameters are discussed in detail.Dissolution profile is the measure of the release of A.P.I from a dosage form with respect to time.The dissolution profile plays a vital role. There are certain methods to compare the dissolution profiel-graphical method, ststistical method, model dependent methods and the model independent methods.All these methods are discussed in detail. The model dependent methods uses certain mathematical models like the zero order model, first order model, Hixson Crowell law, Higuchi model and the Korsemeyar and peppas model.Model independent methods uses factors like f1 and f2 i.e. similarity and dissimilarity factor.But nowadays , The t-test and the ANOVA are popularly used, which are statistical methods. Nextly, the pharmacokinetic parameters are discussed.The peak plasma concentration, time of peak concentration, area under the curve are discussed in detail. Lastly, the Heckel equation and the applications of the Heckel plot is discussed in detail.
Formulation and evaluation of omeprazole floating tabletsmedicinefda
formulation and evaluation of omeprazole floating tablets, literature review and plan of work ,methods results and discussion,conclusion sample ppt http://www.medicinefda.com/
Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive ciprofloxacin hcl effervescent ...Sagar Savale
Ciprofloxacin HCL is an effervescent Tablet is made by Wet Granulation Method. Ciprofloxacin is a broad
spectrum Fluroquinolon antibiotics. Is mainly used for various Bacterial Infections. In this tablet bitter taste
was masked by saccharine as sweeting agent furthermore the effervescent effect of citric acid, tartaric acid
and sodium bicarbonate lead to Effervescent activity by realising the CO2 Molecule. Tablets are rapidly
dissolved and rapidly absorbed and give maximum activity. The Prepared Effervescent Tablet is Evaluated
In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, hardness test, weight variation
test, friability test and in vitro study. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to Satisfactory and
having a good free flowing property. The hardness, weight variation, and friability these values are within
the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies show Maximum percentage of release of drug
(99.26) with in end of 5 min.
formulation and evaluation of microbeadsgurleen kaur
Microencapsulation has been employed to sustain the drug release, reduce or eliminate drug related adverse effects, dose intake and improve the bioavailability inspite drug undergo extensive first pass metabolism ultimately improve the compliance in pharmacotherapy of inflammation and pain.
Microencapsulation by ionotropic gelation technique is one of the widely used method for preparation of calcium alginate beads which has ability to form gels reaction with calcium salts .
Microencapsulation has been employed to sustain the drug release, reduce or eliminate drug related adverse effects, dose intake and improve the bioavailability inspite drug undergo extensive first pass metabolism ultimately improve the compliance in pharmacotherapy of inflammation and pain.
Microencapsulation by ionotropic gelation technique is one of the widely used method for preparation of calcium alginate beads which has ability to form gels reaction with calcium salts .
Formulation and evaluation of fast-disintegrating tablets of FlupirtineijperSS
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in fast-dissolving or disintegrating tablets have brought convenience in dosing to elderly and children who have trouble in swallowing tablets. The main objective of the present study was to prepare the orally disintegrating tablets of Flupirtine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) using different superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Different concentrations (4%, 8%, and 10%) of super disintegrants such as Primogel, Kollidon Cl, Lycoat were used in the formulation. Mannitol was used as a bulking agent and to enhance the mouth feel and taste. The formulated tablets were evaluated for pre-formulation and post-formulation parameters and they were found to be satisfactory and within the official limits. All the tablets shown hardness 3-4.5kg/cm2, friability of all the formulations was less than 1%, weight variation and drug content were found to be within official limits. Amongst all formulations, the optimized formulation F9 was prepared with Lycoat as a super disintegrant showed least disintegration time and faster dissolution.
Key words: Flupirtine, fast-disintegrating tablet, direct compression method, superdisintegrants.
Abstract:
The purpose of present research work was to
optimize the formulation of fast dissolving tablet
of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is one the most
prescribed antiepileptic drug. Fast dissolving
tablets of carbamazepine were prepared by using
different types of superdisintegrants like
croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch
glycolate. Fast dissolving tablet is prepared by
direct compression method. The formulations
were evaluated for wetting time, hardness,
friability, content uniformity, invitro
disintegration time, release profile. The result
revealed that the formulation F5 which containing
the 5% croscarmellose sodium as a
superdisintegrant have good dissolution profile
with shortest Disintegration time. It can be
concluded that the tablet of carbamazepine with
better pharmaceutical properties than conventional
tablets could be obtained using formulation F5.
Background: The main objective of present research work is to formulate the Carbamazepine Fast Dissoving tablets. Carbamazepine, an
antiepileptic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain by
blocking use-dependent sodium channels. Methods: The Fast Dissoving tablets of Carbamazepine were prepared employing different
concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Sperdisintegrants by Direct Compression technique
using 32
factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1
and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t
50% ,t90%were selected as dependent variables. Results and Discussion:
Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, Invitro
drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro
dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) &
regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of
developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1
, C2
). According to SUPAC guidelines the
formulation (F5
) containing combination of 9.375% Crospovidone and 9.375% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor
f
2
=82.675, dissimilarity factor f1
= 2.049 & No significant difference, t= 0.041) to marketed product (TEGRETOL-100). Conclusion: The
selected formulation (F5
) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.665).
KEYWORDS: Carbamazepine, 3
2Factorial Design, Crospovidone , croscarmellose Sodium, Wetting Time, Disintegration Time.
Formulation and evaluation ofmetformin HCl micro beads by ionotropic gelation...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Micro Beads is formulated by the Ionotropic Gelation Method. The CMC is a Swellable
polymer is responsible for the Sustained release action or activity. A combination of CMC (Carboxy Methyl
Cellulose) and Sodium Alginate shows better sustained release activity. The PreparedSustained released Micro
Beadsis Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index, Swelling Index, Drug
Content, % Encapsulation Efficiency and vitro study. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The Drug Content and % Encapsulation Efficiency values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies shows Maximum percentage of release of drug
(71.15) with in end of 4 Hours.
Preparation and evaluation of deferasirox effervescent release tabletsSriramNagarajan19
Deferasirox is an oral iron chelater used to reduce chronic iron over load in patients who are receiving long term blood transfusion for condition such as beta-thalassemia. In this study deferasirox drug were formulated by direct compression. Six formulations of effervescent tablets were prepared by using different concentrations of effervescent agents to get desired release profile of reference product. Drug - Exciepient compatibility was studied by FT-IR spectral analysis. Effervescent tablets of deferasirox drug were prepared by using various excipients .Pre compressive parameters like carr’s index of all formulations between 22.54 ± 0.1 to 11.68 ±0.19, indicates passable compressibility index. Angle of repose of formulations from 37.34±0.04 to 33.50 ±0.14 i.e.., it declares that all are possessing good flow properties and hausners ratio of all formulations was 1.29±0.09 to 1.12±0.10 which satisfies the limits of compressibility. Post compressive parameters like weight are within limits .Hardness test of all the formulations from 9.3± 0.13 to 10.3 ±0.45 kg/cm2 .All the evaluation parameters were under acceptable ranges. The in vitro drug dissolution studies were carried out for the formulations in pH6.8 phosphate buffer .Dissolution profiles of all trials were done among all the formulations F6 better release. Stability studies were carried out for optimized formulation as per ICH guidelines.
Study of consolidation parameters -dissolution profile and pharmacokinetic p...Alakesh Bharali
This seminar basically includes the various consolidation parameters including dissolution parameters, diffusion parameters, pharmacokinetics parameters and the Heckels equation.But in this seminar, the dissolution parameters are discussed in detail.Dissolution is a process in which a solid substance solubilises in a given solvent i. e . Mass transfer from the solid surface to the liquid phase.the different types of dissolution apparatus are discussed in detail.The dissolution acceptance criteria and the dissolution parameters are discussed in detail.Dissolution profile is the measure of the release of A.P.I from a dosage form with respect to time.The dissolution profile plays a vital role. There are certain methods to compare the dissolution profiel-graphical method, ststistical method, model dependent methods and the model independent methods.All these methods are discussed in detail. The model dependent methods uses certain mathematical models like the zero order model, first order model, Hixson Crowell law, Higuchi model and the Korsemeyar and peppas model.Model independent methods uses factors like f1 and f2 i.e. similarity and dissimilarity factor.But nowadays , The t-test and the ANOVA are popularly used, which are statistical methods. Nextly, the pharmacokinetic parameters are discussed.The peak plasma concentration, time of peak concentration, area under the curve are discussed in detail. Lastly, the Heckel equation and the applications of the Heckel plot is discussed in detail.
Formulation and evaluation of omeprazole floating tabletsmedicinefda
formulation and evaluation of omeprazole floating tablets, literature review and plan of work ,methods results and discussion,conclusion sample ppt http://www.medicinefda.com/
In the present study an attempt will be made to design oral disintegrating tablets of Sumatriptan succinate (anti migraine) by using treated agar and Croscarmellose sodium as a superdisintigrants with a view to provide a convenient means of administration to those patients suffering from difficulties in swallowing such as pediatric and geriatric patients and uncooperative mentally ill patients.
Formulation development and invitro evaluation of lamotrigine fast dissolving...SriramNagarajan19
The present study was to formulate and evaluate oral fast dissolving Oral tablet containing Lamotrigine. Present study reveals that all the nine formulated tablet showed satisfactory tablet parameters. It can be concluded that, Oral fast dissolving tablet -containing Lamotrigine can be prepared by direct compression method. 10% CCS (FV) tablet exhibited required disintegration time and dissolution time. The drug release was about 98.7 % in 15min. The accelerated stability studies of the optimized F5 formulation indicates that the formulated oral fast dissolving tablet were unaffected after 3 months storage under accelerated conditions as there were no signs of visually distinguishable changes in appearance, disintegration time and cumulative percentage of drug release. From the present investigation it can be concluded that oral fast dissolving tablet formulation can be a potential novel drug dosage form for pediatric, geriatric and also for general population.
Formulation and evaluation of gastroretentative floating sustained releasedme...Sagar Savale
The Metformin HCL Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is formulated by the Wet
Granulation technique. This Tablet is containing both Effervescent as well as Non Effervescent system. The
HPMC K 100 Swellable polymer is responsible for the Floating. (Non-Effervescent system) and The Sodium
Bicarbonate is responsible for the effervescent system. A combination of HPMC K 100 and Xanthum Gum
shows better sustained release activity. The Prepared Gastroretentative Floating Sustained released Tablet is
Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, weight variation test,
friability test and in vitro study, Total Floating Time. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to
Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The weight variation and friability these values are
within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies show Maximum percentage of release of drug
(99.25) within end of 8 Hours.
Development and evaluation of a novel twice daily cup core metformin hydrochl...SriramNagarajan19
The study was undertaken with an aim to formulate develop and evaluation of a novel twice daily core cup of Metformin hydrochloride(Antidiabetic drug) tablets using different grades and weight of HPMC polymers as release retarding agent. Granules were evaluated for tests Bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio before being punched as tablets. Tablets were tested for weight variation, thickness, hardness and friability as per official procedure. F-2 was found to be 73.90. From the above results and discussion it is concluded that formulation of Cup core tablet of containing Metformin hydrochloride HPMC K 4M & 215: 230 (in mg) can be taken as an ideal or optimized formulation of sustained release tablets for 12hour release as it fulfills all the requirements for sustained release tablet and our study encourages for the further clinical trials on this formulation. The core in cup tablets of Metformin hydrochloride were prepared by wet granulation method, they were evaluated for weight variation, friability, hardness, and thickness for all batches (F1 – F9). No significant difference was observed in the weight of individual tablets from the average weight. The weight variation tests were performed according to the procedure given in the pharmacopoeia. In a weight variation test, pharmacopoeial limit of tablet for percentage deviation is 5%. The average percentage deviation of all tablet formulation was found to be within the pharmacopoeial limit and hence all formulation passed the test for uniformity of weight.
The Metformin HCL Gastroretentive Floating Sustained released Tablet is formulated by the Wet Granulation technique. This Tablet is containing both Effervescent as well as Non Effervescent system. The HPMC K 100 Swellable polymer is responsible for the Floating. (Non Effervescent system) and The Sodium Bicarbonate is responsible for
the effervescent system. A combination of HPMC K 100 and Xanthum Gum shows better sustained release activity. The Prepared Gastroretentive Floating Sustained released Tablet is Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, weight variation test, friability test and in vitro study, Total Floating Time. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The weight variation and friability these values are within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies shows Maximum percentage of release of drug (99.25) with in end of 8 Hours.
“Intervention of a clinical pharmacist in order to reduce polypharmacy, avera...SriramNagarajan17
“Intervention of a clinical pharmacist in order to reduce polypharmacy, average cost of therapy and percentage of patients received injections (parenterals) in pediatrics dept; study carried out at multi-specialty teaching hospital”
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
Formulation and evaluation of lovastatin porous tablets
1. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
17
Pharmacreations | Vol.3 | Issue 1 | Jan- Mar- 2016
Journal Home page: www.pharmacreations.com
Research article Open Access
Formulation and evaluation of lovastatin porous tablets
M. Sambasiva Rao, A. Sunil Kumar Reddy, A. Ashok Kumar
Professor & HOD OF Vijaya College of pharmacy, Munaganur (village), Hayathnagar (Mandal),
Ranga redy (District), Pin-501511.
*Corresponding author: A. Ashok Kumar
Email: ashok576@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This dissertation work was done with an aim to design porous tablets of Lovastatin and evaluation of the
tablets for various parameters including in vitro drug release studies. Lovastatin tablets were formulated by
using microcrystalline cellulose as filler, camphor and menthol as subliming agents, crospovidone and CCS
and sodium starch glycolate as super disintegrant and magnesium stearate as lubricant. The powdered blend
were compressed into tablets and were analyzed for the parameters such as average weight, disintegration time,
friability, thickness, weight variation, hardness, and drug content. The formulation F6 is formulated by using
subliming agent and super disintegrant where it can ensure burst release of the drug so that the release cannot
be interlinked. The formulation F6 containing 10% of menthol showed disintegration time of less than 1min
after drying. Menthol as subliming agent was found to be most effective of all other subliming agents as it had
showed drastic effect on the drug release. All other parameters viz: Hardness, Thickness, Weight variation and
drug content were also found to be within limits. The disintegration time and drug content of the tablets were
found to be satisfactory even after subjecting the tablets to stability studies at 40o
C and 75%RH for 1 month
and 3 months respectively.
Keywords: Camphor, Menthol, Crospovidone and CCS.
INTRODUCTION
Dosage forms are also referred to as “Drug
Delivery Systems” or “Finished Drug Products”. A
drug delivery system (DDS) is defined as a
formulation or a device that enables the
introduction of a therapeutic substance into the
body and improves its efficacy and safety by
controlling the rate, time, and site of release of
drugs in the body. The goal of any drug delivery
system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug
in the proper site in the body to achieve promptly
and then to maintain the desired drug
concentration. That is, the drug delivery system
should deliver drug at a rate dedicated by the needs
of the body over a specified period of treatment.
Oral route of drug administration is most appealing
route for delivery of drugs for various dosage
forms4
. The tablet is one of the most preferred
dosage forms, because of its ease of administration,
accurate dosing and stability as compared to oral
liquid dosage forms5
.
Journal of Pharmacreations
2. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
18
Sublimation
Sublimation is the process of transformation
directly from the solid phase to the gaseous phase
without passing through an intermediate
liquid phase. Sublimation is an endothermic phase
transition that occurs at temperatures and pressures
below a substance's triple point in its phase
diagram9
.
At normal pressures, most chemical
compounds and elements possess three different
states at different temperatures. In these cases, the
transition from the solid to the gaseous state
requires an intermediate liquid state. Note,
however, that the pressure referred to here is the
partial pressure of the substance, not the total (e.g.,
atmospheric) pressure of the entire system. So, all
solids that possess an appreciable vapor pressure at
a certain temperature usually can sublime in air
(e.g., water ice just below 0°C). For some
substances, such as carbon and arsenical,
sublimation is much easier than evaporation from
the melt, because the pressure of their triple point is
very high, and it is difficult to obtain them as
liquids.
Sublimation requires additional energy and is
an endothermic change. The enthalpy of
sublimation (also called heat of sublimation) can be
calculated as the enthalpy of fusion plus
the enthalpy of vaporization. The reverse process of
sublimation is deposition. The formation of frostis
an example of meteorological deposition.
The key to rapid disintegration for mouth
dissolving tablets is the presence of a porous
structure in the tablet matrix. Conventional
compressed tablets that contain highly water-
soluble ingredients often fall to dissolve rapidly
because of low porosity of the matrix. Hence to
generate porous matrix, volatile ingredients are
used that are later subjected to a process of
sublimation7
. In studies conducted by Heinemann
and Rothe, Knitsch et al., and Roser and Blair, inert
solid ingredients that displayed high volatility (e.g.,
ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate,
benzoic acid, camphor, hexamethonium tetramine,
naphthalene, phthalic anhydride, urea, and urethane
were compressed along with other excipients into a
tablet. The volatile material was then removed by
sublimation, leaving behind a porous matrix.
Solvents such as cyclohexane and benzene were
also suggested for the generation of porosity in the
matrix.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The rationale of this investigation was to develop
immediate release monolithic tablets of
Lovastatin using sublimation technique6
.
Immediate release tablets of Lovastatin were
prepared by the direct compression using
subliming agents like camphor and cross
povidone and cross caramellose sodium as super
disintegrant. The sublimation technique is mainly
used to ensure burst release by forming porous
tablet matrix so that it does swell and entrap
Lovastatin which results in poor absorption of
Lovastatin. Subliming agents are sublimed from
the tablets by drying in hot air oven at 60o
C for
12 hrs. The formulations were evaluated for
weight variation, hardness, friability, drug
content, wetting time, and in vitro dissolution.
To produce a quality tablet, in a validated and
GMP-way, it is important that the selected
press is capable of :
Providing sufficient tablet hardness
Preventing cross-contamination
High yield
Accurate and individual weight control.
These requirements seem obvious but are not
so easily accomplished. So as to avoid the
above risks, the present study is undertaken by
compressing it into a monolithic tablet using
subliming agents and superdisintegrants.
Subliming agents increases the porosity of the
tablets and ensures burst release of the drug8
.
METHODOLOGY
Preparation of calibration curve for lovastatin
Preparation of calibration curve in 0.1n hcl
10 mg lovastatin pure drug was taken into a
10ml standard flask and dissolved in 0.1N HCL.
The volume of stock solution was made up to 10 ml
with 0.1N HCL. From the above stock solution, 1
ml was transferred into a 10 ml volumetric flask
and volume was adjusted to 10 ml that
corresponded to 100 µg/ml lovastatin in solution.
From that solution different aliquots of 1.0,2,3,4,5
ml were transferred to 10ml volumetric flask,
volume was adjusted with 0.1N HCL , which gave
a concentration of 10,20,30,40,50 µg/ml of final
standard. Standard curve was plotted by taking
absorbance of secondary stock solutions in UV
double beam spectrophotometer at 238 nm.
3. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
19
Formulation and development of lovastatin
immediate release tablets
Formulation of Lovastatin porous tablets by
direct compression method
Porous tablets of Lovastatin were prepared by
direct compression method employing camphor and
menthol as sublimating agents2
. The concentrations
of the above ingredients were optimized as shown
in below table on the basis of trial preparation of
the tablets. All the ingredients were weighed
accurately. The drug was mixed with the release
rate enhancing disintegrants and other excipients,
except magnesium stearate, in ascending order of
their weight. The powder mix was blended for 20
min to have uniform distribution of drug in the
formulation. Then, magnesium stearate was added
and mixed for not more than 1 min (to ensure good
lubrication.) About 200 mg of the powder mix was
weighed accurately and fed into the die of single
punch machinery and compressed using 8 mm flat-
surface punches. The hardness of the tablets was
adjusted at 4-6 kg/cm2
using a Monsanto hardness
tester.
Compression
The lubricated blend was compressed using
following parameters:
Compression parameters
Tooling: 8mm round punch.
Average weight: 200mg.
Table-:1 Composition of Formulations
Ingredients F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8
Lovastatin 10mg 10mg 10mg 10mg 10mg 10mg 10mg 10mg
Camphor 10 -- 20 -- 20 -- -- --
MCC 127 127 113 113 105 105 105 105
LM 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42
Menthol -- 10 -- 20 -- 20 20 20
CCS 8mg 8mg 12mg 12mg 20mg 20mg -- --
CP -- -- -- -- -- -- 12mg 20mg
Mg.stearate 3mg 3mg 3mg 3mg 3mg 3mg 3mg 3mg
Total weight 200mg 200mg 200mg 200mg 200mg 200mg 200mg 200mg
.
MCC- Micro crystalline cellulose, CCS- Cross
caramellose sodium, CP- Cross Povidone , LM-
Lactose monohydrate
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Pre-formulation studies
Description
These tests were performed and the results were
illustrated in the following table:
Table no: 2 Table showing the description of Lovastatin (API)
Result
The results were found as per specifications.
Solubility
These tests were performed and the results are
illustrated in the table.
Table no: 3 Table showing the Solubility of Lovastatin (API) in various solvents.
Solvents Solubility
Test Description
Colour White Crystalline powder
4. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
20
Water In soluble
pH6.8 Phosphate buffer Soluble
Methanol Soluble
Chloroform Soluble
Melting Point
This test is performed and the result was illustrated in the following table.
Table no: 4 Table showing the melting point of API’s
Material Melting Point
Lovastatin 174 0
Result
The Result was found to be within limit.
Standard graphs for lovastatin
Table No: 5 Standard graphs for Lovastatin
CONCENTRATION (µg /ml) ABSORBANCE
0 0
10 0.091
20 0.201
30 0.296
40 0.399
50 0.493
60 0.633
Figure No: 1 Standard graph of Lovastatin
y = 0.0104x - 0.009
R² = 0.9972
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
cumulative%drugrelease
Conc in µg/ml
5. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
21
Drug excipient compatibility studies
Fig no: 2 FTIR Spectra of Lovastatin pure drug
Fig no: 3 FTIR Spectra of Lovastatin optimized formulation
6. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
22
Preformulation studies
Table no-6 Pre-compression parameters for formulation batches
Formulation
code
Bulk density
(gm/mL)
Tapped density
(gm/mL)
Compressibility
index (%)
Hausner’s
ratio
Angle of
repose
F1 0.721±0.045 0.87± 0.01 17.126±0.6 1.206±0.06 26.62 0.21
F2 0.710±0.043 0.873±0.04 19.714±0.7 1.251±0.04 27.46 0.11
F3 0.41±0.045 0.483±0.5 15.113±0.8 1.178±0.08 28.32 0.31
F4 0.45±0.045 0.52 ± 0.09 15.60±0.2 1.15±0.02 28.06 0.31
F5 0.45±0.045 0.50 ± 0.07 12.23±0.6 1.11±0.04 27.58 0.15
F6 0.44±0.044 0.50 ± 0.09 12.58±0.8 1.13±0.08 28.44 0.11
F7 0.41±0.048 0.483±0.49 15.113±0.9 1.178±0.07 28.32 0.33
F8 0.710±0.032 0.873±0.036 19.714±0.6 1.26±0.05 27.46 0.15
Result
All the formulations were evaluated for bulk
density, tapped density, % compressibility,
hausner’s ratio and angle of repose. The results of
% compressibility, hausner’s ratio and angle of
repose were found to be between 12- 19, 1.11-1.26
and below 30 respectively. These results show that
the formulations have very good flow properties.
Evaluation parameters of tablets
The prepared tablets were subjected to
preliminary characterization such as hardness,
thickness, % weight variation, friability and drug
content3
. The evaluated parameters were within
acceptable range for all the formulations.
Table no: 7 Evaluation parameters of formulations of porous tablets before drying
Formulation
code Thickness
(mm)
Hardness
(KP)
Friability
(%)
Average weight
variation (mg)
Drug
content
(%)
Disintegration
Time ± S.D.
(min)
F1 3.29 5.0 0.54 202.1 99.13±0.53 4.2
F2 3.05 3.5 0.45 205.6 96.27±0.64 3.3
F3 3.38 3.5 0.35 201.8 97.63±0.55 4.5
F4 3.50 3.5 0.41 201.9 98.36±0.58 3.4
F5 3.43 4.0 0.42 205.4 98.33±0.62 4.3
F6 3.27 3.5 0.31 203.6 98.64±0.84 2.9
F7 3.38 4.1 0.26 2016 99.2 7 mins 10 secs
F8 3.36 4.1 0.23 202.0 98.6 7 mins 5 secs
Observations
From the above Table, it is observed that the
thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation and
content uniformity of the porous tablets before drying
were in the passable range. The F1, F3, F5
formulations containing camphor as the subliming
agent didn’t show much effect on the disintegration
time. The disintegration of F6 formulation was found
to be of 2’.9”mins which is satisfactory. The
disintegration of F7 & F8 was found to be more than
7 mins.
7. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
23
Table no.8 Evaluation parameters for formulations of porous tablets after drying
Formulation
code
Thickness ± S.D.
(mm)
Hardness ± S.D.
(Kp)
Average weight
variation (mg)
Drug
content
(%)
Disintegration
Time ± S.D.
F1 3.29 3.7 201.3 99.26 1min 10sec
F2 3.05 3.8 203.2 96.38 43sec
F3 3.38 4.1 200.9 97.03 1min
F4 3.50 4.1 200.00 98.26 36sec
F5 3.43 4.2 203.4 98.29 57sec
F6 3.27 4.8 201.8 98.60 20sec
F7 3.38 4.3 200.9 99.36 5 mins
F8 3.36 4.3 200.3 99.56 5 mins 34 secs
Observations
From the above Table, it is observed that the
thickness, hardness, weight variation and drug
content of the porous tablets were in the passable
range. The F1, F3, F5 formulations containing
camphor as the subliming agent didn’t show much
effect on the Disintegration time where as the
optimized formulation F6 10% camphor and CCS
10 % showed better results The Disintegration time
of F6 formulation after drying was found to be of
20” sec (20sec) which is satisfactory10
.F7 and F8
trails were with crospovidone as disintegrant but
the disintegration time was more than 5 mins.
RESULTS OF IN-VITRO RELEASE PROFILE
Table.9 In-Vitro Release Profile of Lovastatin from formulations F1-F8
Time F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8
10 mins 32.56 38.26 42.52 48.96 50.38 58.92 12.56 18.26
15 mins 46.28 48.03 50.36 56.48 61.94 69.52 26.28 28.03
20 mins 55.23 60.58 62.85 68.92 70.56 77.89 35.23 40.58
30 mins 60.65 65.92 70.59 74.56 77.89 82.56 40.65 50.92
45 mins 72.36 74.82 75.62 80.82 83.56 98.45 52.36 54.82
60 mins 80.56 80.49 82.51 85.45 88.95 100.59 60.56 60.49
Observations
The in-vitro drug release profiles of Lovastatin
from all the formulations F1 to F8 are shown in the
above Tables. From the results, it is observed that
the dissolution profiles of the formulated products
(F1, F2, F3, F4 & F5) didn’t meet the proper
dissolution profile of Lovastatin i.e 85% of drug
release in 45mins. The formulations F6 showed
98.45% of drug release within 45mins1
.The
formulationsF7, F8 showed 60% in 60 mins after
change in disintegrant i.e Crospovidone even with
increase in concentration of the crospovidone.
STABILITY STUDIES
Lovastatin tablets of F6 formulation were
packed in HDPE (High density polyethylene)
container with child resistant caps (CRC) and
induction sealed. These bottles were charged for
stability study at 400
C &75% RH.
After one month
Tableno-:10 Physical evaluations of Tablets for stability studies of Optimized formulation:
Parameter Initial 400
C / 75%RH
8. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
24
Colour White White
Surface Smooth Smooth
Disintegration 20sec 22sec
Assay 98.60 98.0
Observation
The Lovastatin porous tablets were subjected to
stability studies at 40o
C and 75% RH for 1 month
and from the above results, it was found that there
is no significant effect on the tablets.
After Three months
Table no-:11 Physical evaluations of Tablets for stability studies of optimized formulations:
Parameter Initial 400
C / 75%RH
Colour White White
Surface Smooth Smooth
Disintegration 20sec 25sec
Assay 98.60 96.70
Observation
The Lovastatin porous tablets were subjected to
stability studies at 40o
C and 75% RH for 3 months
and from the above results, it was found that there
is no effect on the tablets and was found to be
within the limits according to ICH guidelines.
CONCLUSION
Preformulation studies of powder blend had
shown that the blends had passable parameters like
Angle of Repose, Bulk density, Tapped density,
Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio. it is observed
that based on compressibility index and it was
concluded that the blend showed passable flow
characteristics. The formulation F6 is formulated
by using subliming agent and super disintegrant
where it can ensure burst release of the drug so that
the release cannot be interlinked. The formulation
F6 containing 10% of menthol showed
disintegration time of less than 1min after drying.
Menthol as subliming agent was found to be most
effective of all other subliming agents as it had
showed drastic effect on the drug release.
REFERENCES
[1]. Yadav IK, Jaiswal D, Sing HP, Chandra D, Jain DA. Formulation Evaluation and Optimization of fast
Dissolving Tablets containing Nimesulide Micropellets. Int J ChemTech 2009; 1(4):910-4.
[2]. Deshmukh SS, Potnis VV, Mahaparale PR, Kasture PV, Gharge VS et al. Development and Evaluation of
Ziprasidone Hydrochloride Fast Disintegrating/Dissolving Tablets using Complexation Techniques. Ind J
Pharm educ 2009; 43(3):300-307.
[3]. Godge RK, Kendre PN, Giri MA, Syed MZ, Syed NL et al. Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Fast
Dissolving/Disintegrating tablets of Tizanidine Hydrochloride. Research J Pharma Dosage Form and Tech
2009; 1(1):55-8.
[4]. Tripathi K.D. Essentials of medical pharmacology, 6th
edition, Japee brothers medical Publishers (P) Ltd
2008:449-50.
[5]. Indian pharmacopoeia commission Central Indian Pharmacopoeia Laboratory Govt of India,Ministry of
Health and Family Welfare Sector23,RajnagarIndian Ghaziabad. 2007 ;(2):905.
[6]. Corveleyn S, Remon JP. Formulation and Production of rapidly disintegrating tablets by lyophilisation
using hydrochlorothiazide as a model drug. Int J Pharm 1997; 152:215-25.
[7]. Ahemed IS, Aboul-Einien MH. IN-vitro and In-vivo evaluation of a fast disintegrating lyophilized dry
emulsion tablets containing griseofulvin. European J Pharma Sci 2007; 32: 58-68.
9. Ashok K A et al / Journal of Pharmacreations Vol-3(1) 2016 [17-25]
25
[8]. Shirsand SB, Sarasija S, Para MS, Swamy PV, Nagendra KD. Plantago Ovata Mucilage in the Design of
Fast Disintegrating Tablets. Indian J Pharm sci 2009; 41-4.
[9]. Areefulla HS, Mujaheed A, Raheem MA, Ayesha S, Bilguese F et al. Orodissolving tablets of Itopride
Hydrochloride prepared by sublimation technique. Indian J Pharm sci 2009; 71(2):168.
[10]. Yadav R, Gupta RN, Yadav C. Formulation and In-Vitro evaluation of Orodispersible Dosage form of
Stavudine. Indian J Pharm sci 2009; 71(2): 163-4.