Marriage provides companionship and lays the foundation for raising a family, but forced marriage violates human rights. Forced marriage involves duress and lack of consent, whereas arranged marriages involve choice. Pakistan's law sets the minimum age for marriage at 16 for girls and 18 for boys, but watta satta traditions and child marriages still occur due to social and family pressures. Education is key to reducing forced marriage by changing social norms and empowering women.
Forced marriage is a neglected issue , due to the fact that it is only practiced in growing countries , This presentation talks briefly about this issue , listing facts and some examples
Forced marriage is a neglected issue , due to the fact that it is only practiced in growing countries , This presentation talks briefly about this issue , listing facts and some examples
Dowry is an ugly truth of our society. It is not only demanded in rural parts of the country but in the urban parts as well. It is presented in the form of gifts to the members of the extended family.
The present study made an attempt to gain insights on determinants and psychosocial consequences of early marriage on rural women. Samples of 300 women who married early and have completed 5 to 15 years of married life were taken from 20 villages of district Bhilwara, Rajasthan as it has highest instances of child marriages. In depth investigation employed the use of interview, FGDs, observation and case study method. Research was based in district. Baseline Proforma and SES scale (self developed) was used to get the necessary details regarding the socio-economic status and demographic characteristics of respondents and their families. DEM scale (self developed), PSC Scale (self developed) and life satisfaction scale (Alam & Shrivastava, 1973) were used for data collection. Statistical test i.e. ‘z’ test, ANOVA, Regression & Pearson’s ‘r’ were applied to find out the results.
The findings of the study revealed that age at marriage is governed by various components of socio-economic status with traditions & customs, lack of education, childhood residence and castes. Effect of mass media was not found as hypothesized. Media is only meant for entertainment by rural people. The study also highlighted psycho-social consequences (PSC components) of early marriage. It was found that child marriage increases exploitation of girl child and loss of her adolescence along with denial of education & freedom, inadequate socialization & personal development and violence & abandonment. Access to contraception is highly correlated with age at marriage i.e. the lower the age at marriage lower the knowledge and less access of contraception.
The multiple regression analysis in predicting age at marriage and its determinants reveal that the Beta coefficient reflect the socio- economic status of the family and in which a girl belongs has more considerable contribution in terms of early marriage while traditions and customs follow the socio-cultural perseverance in predicting age at marriage. It is also depicted from the regression analysis that the ill consequences of early marriage in earlier ages have more awful effects on girl child. On the whole, it was found that early marriage itself means exploitation of girl child and loss of adolescence. This factor is highly significant in all studied age groups. They are treated as homely bird which means confined to four walls of house. Overall dissatisfaction level is high with the respondents who get married at the early age. There are significant correlation found between determinants and psycho-social consequences of early marriage and inter-correlation among LS and SES components.
It is a marriage before the age of 18 for both boys and girls, but girls are the most affected
10 million girls under the age of 18 marry each year; that is around …
833,333 a month
192,307 a week
27,397 a day
19 every minute
Or, around one girl every three seconds.
it is a presentation on honour killing and the reasons behind it , it also has a video from amir khan shows satyamev jayate related to the topic. I got 9 on 10 for this presentation, but it also depends on how you speak........
Dowry is an ugly truth of our society. It is not only demanded in rural parts of the country but in the urban parts as well. It is presented in the form of gifts to the members of the extended family.
The present study made an attempt to gain insights on determinants and psychosocial consequences of early marriage on rural women. Samples of 300 women who married early and have completed 5 to 15 years of married life were taken from 20 villages of district Bhilwara, Rajasthan as it has highest instances of child marriages. In depth investigation employed the use of interview, FGDs, observation and case study method. Research was based in district. Baseline Proforma and SES scale (self developed) was used to get the necessary details regarding the socio-economic status and demographic characteristics of respondents and their families. DEM scale (self developed), PSC Scale (self developed) and life satisfaction scale (Alam & Shrivastava, 1973) were used for data collection. Statistical test i.e. ‘z’ test, ANOVA, Regression & Pearson’s ‘r’ were applied to find out the results.
The findings of the study revealed that age at marriage is governed by various components of socio-economic status with traditions & customs, lack of education, childhood residence and castes. Effect of mass media was not found as hypothesized. Media is only meant for entertainment by rural people. The study also highlighted psycho-social consequences (PSC components) of early marriage. It was found that child marriage increases exploitation of girl child and loss of her adolescence along with denial of education & freedom, inadequate socialization & personal development and violence & abandonment. Access to contraception is highly correlated with age at marriage i.e. the lower the age at marriage lower the knowledge and less access of contraception.
The multiple regression analysis in predicting age at marriage and its determinants reveal that the Beta coefficient reflect the socio- economic status of the family and in which a girl belongs has more considerable contribution in terms of early marriage while traditions and customs follow the socio-cultural perseverance in predicting age at marriage. It is also depicted from the regression analysis that the ill consequences of early marriage in earlier ages have more awful effects on girl child. On the whole, it was found that early marriage itself means exploitation of girl child and loss of adolescence. This factor is highly significant in all studied age groups. They are treated as homely bird which means confined to four walls of house. Overall dissatisfaction level is high with the respondents who get married at the early age. There are significant correlation found between determinants and psycho-social consequences of early marriage and inter-correlation among LS and SES components.
It is a marriage before the age of 18 for both boys and girls, but girls are the most affected
10 million girls under the age of 18 marry each year; that is around …
833,333 a month
192,307 a week
27,397 a day
19 every minute
Or, around one girl every three seconds.
it is a presentation on honour killing and the reasons behind it , it also has a video from amir khan shows satyamev jayate related to the topic. I got 9 on 10 for this presentation, but it also depends on how you speak........
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This Book of Voice is a message of peace, prosperity and civilization for all human beings. It provides solution to the challenges of the contemporary world on the basis of equity and equality. It guides through the process of establishing a civilized society where all the people on the globe can live with peace with each other. It not only provides solution to the society globally but it also provides solution to the problems faced by an individual and also provides him the track for spiritual development. All are invited to read the Book of Voice for their own betterment and internal peace.
Included topics:
- Betrothal
- Marriage
- Dissolution
- Ancillary claims
- Parent and children
- Adoption
- Legitimacy
- Inheritance
Not included:
- Introduction to the Administration of Islamic law in Malaysia
- Polygamous marriage
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
4. Marriage provides spiritual, physical, emotional & psychological companionship.
This companionship generates and sustains love, kindness, compassion, mutual
confidence, solace & sakinah. It lays a spiritual & legal foundation for raising a
family. The children born of the matrimonial union become legitimate and mutual
rights of inheritance are established.
Nabeel
koyal
5. A marriage conducted without the valid consent of one or both
parties and where duress is a factor
Family can force and can be forced
A domestic violence
It can be between children , children and adults and in adults
also
Nabeel
koyal
6. Forced marriage is different from arranged marriage. In an arranged marriage,
the families of both spouses take a leading role in arranging the marriage but the
choice whether or not to accept the arrangement remains with the prospective
spouses.
In forced marriage, one or both spouses do not (or, in the case of children and some
adults at risk, cannot) consent to the marriage and duress is involved.
If families have to resort to violence or emotional pressure to make someone
marry, that person’s consent has not been given freely and, therefore, it is a forced
marriage.
Nabeel
koyal
7. The United Nations views forced marriage as a form of human rights abuse, since
it violates the principle of the freedom and autonomy of individuals.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that a woman's right to choose
a spouse and enter freely into marriage is central to her life and dignity,
and equality as a human being
Nabeel
koyal
8. Under the Criminal Code Act, Marriage under age
of 16 years reads:
Everyone who celebrates, aids or participates in a marriage rite or ceremony
knowing that one of the persons being married is under the age of 16 years is guilty
of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five
years.
Civil Marriage Act also states:
The No person who is under the age of 16 years may contract
marriage.
Nabeel
koyal
9. Pakistan’s Child Marriage Restraint Act (CMRA) 1929
sets the legal age for marriage to 16 for women and 18 for
men.
Nabeel
koyal
12. Family pressure
strengthening extended family links
protecting and abiding by perceived cultural, family, religious norms
Vani or compensation marriage(Muhammad Iqbal khan/khan sisters)
Poverty/debt (tahriro Muchena,Nazir Ahmad Afghanistan)
Levirate(marry with brothers widow)
Child marriage
Armed conflict
Marriage by abduction
Wata sata
Quranic marriage
Nabeel
koyal
13. In rural parts of Pakistan, and its tribal regions, watta satta accounts for over 30% of all
marriages and they don’t care about difference of age
Over 50% of watta satta marriages are within the same village, on a geographical level.
Over three out of four women in watta satta marriage are married to a blood relative
In Islamic communities of Sudan and Mali, bride exchange between two families has also
been observed.
More than 30% of today’s women were married before their 18th birthday.
If there is no reduction in child marriage, an additional 1.2 billion girls will be married by
2050.
Some child brides are as young as eight or nine.
Most adolescent pregnancies (90%) take place within marriage.
Nabeel
koyal
14. Khansa Bint Khidam said “My father married me to his nephew, and I did not like this
match, so I complained to the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and grant him
peace). He said to me “accept what your father has arranged.” I said “I do not wish to
accept what my father has arranged.”
He said “then this marriage is invalid, go and marry whomever you wish.”
Abu Hurairah narrates that the Messenger of Allah (May Allah bless him and grant
him peace) said “when one with whose religion and character you are satisfied asks
your daughter in marriage then accede to his request. If you do not do so then there
will be temptation in the earth and extensive corruption”. (Tirmidhi)
A matron should not be given in marriage except after consulting her; and a virgin
should not be given in marriage except after her permission." The people asked, "O
Allah's Apostle! How can we know her permission?" He said, "Her silence (indicates
her permission)."[Sahih Al-Bukhari 7.67]
Nabeel
koyal
15. They are Iibas (cover-up) for you and you are libas for them‘ Al Baqarah 187
"A woman may married for four reasons: for her property, for her rank, for her beauty,
and for her religion (and character). So marry the one who is best in the religion and
character and prosper". (Bukhari and Muslim)
When the husband and wife hold each other’s' hands with love and affection; Allah
forgives their sins.' Hadith
If you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of
your choice, two or three or four; but if your fear that you shall not be able to deal justly
(with them), then (marry) only one or that which your right hands possess. That will be
more suitable to prevent you from doing injustice. Q4:3
Prophet (saws) said: When one of you seeks a woman in marriage let him look at whom
he wishes to marry.
Related by Abu Dawood
Mughirah ibn Shu'bah narrated: I sought a woman in marriage. The Messenger of Allah
(saws) asked me :Have you seen her? I said : No. He (saws) then said: Then look at her,
because it is more proper that love should be cemented between you.
Nabeel
koyal
16. Early and forced marriages can contribute to girls being placed in a cycle of
poverty and powerlessness. Most are likely to experience mistreatment such as
violence, abuse and forced sexual relations. This means that women who marry
younger in age are more likely to be dominated by their husbands. They also
experience poor sexual and reproductive health. Young married girls are more
likely to contract HIV and their health could be in jeopardy. Most people who are
forced into a marriage lack education and are often illiterate. Young ones tend to
drop out of school shortly before they get married
Nabeel
koyal
17. We believe that education is crucial to reducing the incidence of early and forced
marriage.
This means improving access to quality education for girls, and also educating the
wider community to change the social norms that enable forced marriage to
continue.
We work to raise awareness of girls’ rights at community, national and global
levels, striving to change both legislation and attitudes.
The issues surrounding forced marriage are complex and can’t be eradicated
overnight, but with your support we can work to end the misery of millions of girls
across the world.
Nabeel
koyal