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What We Teach, How We
                Teach
             (Focus--Chapters 1 and 2)
Where Schools Fail

   Failure linked to 3 things:
     A.   Failure to implement a Common Curriculum
     B.   Failure to implement sound lessons
                                                     Not
     C.   Failure to utilize Authentic Literacy      Jim
                                                     Collins
   Simplicity, Clarity, Priority
Jim Collins—“the key is not innovation, it is ‘simplicity
  and diligence’ applied with fierce devotion to our
  highest priorities.”
What we Teach

   Coherent Curriculum:
     A.   # of power standards should not exceed ½ of total
     B.   Are the standards meaningful?
   Structurally sound lessons
     A.   Appealing?
     B.   Provide for re-teaching?
     C.   Standards-based?
   Authentic Literacy:
     A.   Purposeful and argumentative—reading, writing and speaking
Power of Simplicity, Clarity and Priority a.k.a. The

                                                    Hedgehog Test

Jim Collins, author of Good to Great and Hedgehogs writes:
“To succeed…we must ‘attain a piercing clarity about how to produce
the best long-term results, and then exercise the relentless discipline to
say, ‘No thank you’ to opportunities that fail the Hedgehog test.” –Jim
Collins


The Hedgehog principle in real life:
         Football team wins with simplicity
         Hospital stays healthy by washing hands?
Clarity


“If you can do nothing else…be clear”

 o   Best Buy—reduced product line to 50%
 o   Whole class lessons focused on a clear
     learning objective in short instructional
     chunks
    Guided practice and formative assessment
What We Teach



Adequate  amount of essential subject are
 content, concepts and topics.
Intellectual/Thinking   Skills
Authentic   Literacy
A Truly Universal Education

       ACT  study—90% overlap between
       needs of workers and those who
       attend college.
       Prepareall students for a
       successful life—College vs. No-
       College debate doesn’t concern us.
       Developskills for meaningful life
       —reading, writing, thinking,
       speaking.
Education Demands:
“The 21st century demands that all
students can ‘read, write and cipher…
think, solve problems…draw upon a
rich vocabulary based on deep
understanding of language and the
human condition.”
Timeless skills

   Are students asked to read and resolve “conflicting views” to exercise
    judgment?
   Are we producing problem solvers?
   Teach content before we critique

    “The ability to analyze and think critically requires extensive
    factual knowledge…facts must be taught, ideally in context…” –
    Willingham
Literacy is crucial!

   According to Vince Ferrandino and Gerald Tirozzi:
    “Under-developed literacy skills are the number one
    reason why students are retained, assigned to special
    education, given long-term remedial services and why
    they fail to graduate from high school.”
   Marc Tucker, author and founder of the Carnegie Task
    Force On Teaching as a Profession, “recommends a
    broad liberal arts curriculum that includes ‘a very high
    level of preparation in reading, writing, and speaking.’”
   Textbooks!?
   Asking penetrating questions
Questions and Texts:


 A good text and a question

 Teach them to read deeply through well-formed
  questions
 “Literacy is integral to what and how we teach; it’s
  the spine that holds everything together and ties
  content together in every subject.” (Schmoker, 37).
 Best teaching = good question(s) and good text(s)
Conley’s
       5ish “Standards for Success”
1.   Read to infer/interpret/draw conclusions
2.   Support arguments with evidence
3.   Resolve conflicting views encountered in
     source documents
4.   Solve complex problems with no obvious
     answer
5.   Prepare students to write 3-5 page papers
Success in the
                                           Language Arts:
   Reduce standards by 50%
     A.   “highest achieving countries teach fewer
          than half of the standards that we teach”
          (44).
   Tempe Prep Academy
     A.   Charter in Phoenix, AZ
     B.   Close, analytic reading; monthly formal
          writing assignments; and daily Socratic
          discussions where students debate, resolve
          conflicting view points and draw their own
          conclusions.
     C.   Scores skyrocketed!
Guide to selecting standards:

Decide on a reduction target

Criteria for deciding—
    A.   ENDURANCE—will standard provide students with knowledge
         beyond test date?
    B.   LEVERAGE—will the standard provide knowledge and skills that
         are of value in multiple disciplines?
    C.   READINESS FOE NEXT LEVEL—will the standard provide
         knowledge and skills necessary in next level of education?

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Focus chapters 1 and 2

  • 1. What We Teach, How We Teach (Focus--Chapters 1 and 2)
  • 2. Where Schools Fail  Failure linked to 3 things: A. Failure to implement a Common Curriculum B. Failure to implement sound lessons Not C. Failure to utilize Authentic Literacy Jim Collins  Simplicity, Clarity, Priority Jim Collins—“the key is not innovation, it is ‘simplicity and diligence’ applied with fierce devotion to our highest priorities.”
  • 3. What we Teach  Coherent Curriculum: A. # of power standards should not exceed ½ of total B. Are the standards meaningful?  Structurally sound lessons A. Appealing? B. Provide for re-teaching? C. Standards-based?  Authentic Literacy: A. Purposeful and argumentative—reading, writing and speaking
  • 4. Power of Simplicity, Clarity and Priority a.k.a. The Hedgehog Test Jim Collins, author of Good to Great and Hedgehogs writes: “To succeed…we must ‘attain a piercing clarity about how to produce the best long-term results, and then exercise the relentless discipline to say, ‘No thank you’ to opportunities that fail the Hedgehog test.” –Jim Collins The Hedgehog principle in real life: Football team wins with simplicity Hospital stays healthy by washing hands?
  • 5. Clarity “If you can do nothing else…be clear” o Best Buy—reduced product line to 50% o Whole class lessons focused on a clear learning objective in short instructional chunks  Guided practice and formative assessment
  • 6. What We Teach Adequate amount of essential subject are content, concepts and topics. Intellectual/Thinking Skills Authentic Literacy
  • 7. A Truly Universal Education  ACT study—90% overlap between needs of workers and those who attend college.  Prepareall students for a successful life—College vs. No- College debate doesn’t concern us.  Developskills for meaningful life —reading, writing, thinking, speaking.
  • 8. Education Demands: “The 21st century demands that all students can ‘read, write and cipher… think, solve problems…draw upon a rich vocabulary based on deep understanding of language and the human condition.”
  • 9. Timeless skills  Are students asked to read and resolve “conflicting views” to exercise judgment?  Are we producing problem solvers?  Teach content before we critique “The ability to analyze and think critically requires extensive factual knowledge…facts must be taught, ideally in context…” – Willingham
  • 10. Literacy is crucial!  According to Vince Ferrandino and Gerald Tirozzi: “Under-developed literacy skills are the number one reason why students are retained, assigned to special education, given long-term remedial services and why they fail to graduate from high school.”  Marc Tucker, author and founder of the Carnegie Task Force On Teaching as a Profession, “recommends a broad liberal arts curriculum that includes ‘a very high level of preparation in reading, writing, and speaking.’”  Textbooks!?  Asking penetrating questions
  • 11. Questions and Texts:  A good text and a question  Teach them to read deeply through well-formed questions  “Literacy is integral to what and how we teach; it’s the spine that holds everything together and ties content together in every subject.” (Schmoker, 37).  Best teaching = good question(s) and good text(s)
  • 12. Conley’s 5ish “Standards for Success” 1. Read to infer/interpret/draw conclusions 2. Support arguments with evidence 3. Resolve conflicting views encountered in source documents 4. Solve complex problems with no obvious answer 5. Prepare students to write 3-5 page papers
  • 13. Success in the Language Arts:  Reduce standards by 50% A. “highest achieving countries teach fewer than half of the standards that we teach” (44).  Tempe Prep Academy A. Charter in Phoenix, AZ B. Close, analytic reading; monthly formal writing assignments; and daily Socratic discussions where students debate, resolve conflicting view points and draw their own conclusions. C. Scores skyrocketed!
  • 14. Guide to selecting standards: Decide on a reduction target Criteria for deciding— A. ENDURANCE—will standard provide students with knowledge beyond test date? B. LEVERAGE—will the standard provide knowledge and skills that are of value in multiple disciplines? C. READINESS FOE NEXT LEVEL—will the standard provide knowledge and skills necessary in next level of education?