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PLA 4522 Unit 3 Chapter 17 ReviewQuestions
1. How does the pharmaceutical industry compare to the average U.S. manufacturing firm in
terms of its level of research and development activities?
2. In what ways do managed care organizations exercise great power over the pharmaceutical
industry?
3. How consistent are federal and state laws regarding the use of marijuana for medicinal
purposes?
4. Why and how do branded drug companies seek to discourage generic competition?
5. How uniform are the vaccine laws and funding among the states? What group receives the
most attention and funding?
Chapter 20 Review Questions

2. 1. What are the global standards for sharing information between different electronic medical
records (EMRs), and between personal health records (PHRs) and other electronic records? What
would be the ideal standard?
2. Are Web sites that are legally covered by HIPAA and those that voluntarily comply with
HIPAA similar or different and in what way(s)?
3. Describe the constitutionality of restrictions on the use of identifiable prescription data.
4. Describe some forms of electronic communications that are not protected information
because they are in the public domain.
5. Describe Google’s relationship with the Cleveland Clinic. How does this affect patients’
control over their identifiable medical information (IMI)?
Chapter 21 Review Questions
1. Why is disease management important to employers? What is the financial impact on the
employer when an employee is out sick?
2. Describe the key elements of a disease management program.
3. Employers are increasingly shifting health care costs onto employees. What effect might this
have on long-term costs and why? What effect might this have on employee motivation to stay
healthy?

3. 4. How prevalent are pay-for-performance programs? How strong is the evidence of their
effectiveness? How do critics describe them?
5. Commonwealth Fund sponsored the first study to assess the effects of quality incentives in a
large health insurance plan. What did the researchers examine? What were their findings?
Chapter 23 Review Questions
1. What is the annual impact of medical errors in terms of lives lost and dollars cost?
2. What is intended to encourage patients to choose better health care systems? Why is it
difficult for them to do so?
3. What are patient safety organizations?
4. How could evidence-based guidelines affect the incidence of adverse medical events? Are
they, or should they be, mandated?
5. Describe the four main categories of the FDA’s proposed reforms regarding drug regulation
and drug safety.
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PLA 4522 Unit 3 DiscussionBoard
Two posts due per week, for a total of FOUR posts per unit.

4. Very important component of our course and worth 50% of your final grade. That's right, HALF of
your final grade will come from the discussion board activity, so do not disregard the importance of
this assignment.
Our units are two weeks long. You must log in and participate at least twice per week (i.e. four times
per unit). This is how your attendance and participation will be measured. Weeks start on Sunday
and end on the following Sunday.
Assignment Requirements:
• Post 1: Choose a topic from the unit's reading assignment. Discuss it thoroughly. It must be
between 150 to 250 words. Do not exceed the word count, but do not fall short of the 150 word
requirement. This post must be in your own words.
Any instances of copied material from ANY source will result in an automatic zero for the offense
and an F in the course for the second one, plus a permanent notation in your academic record,
which will seriously affect any future employment prospects where background checks are
conducted (which in today's job market, includes every single employer). These posts are due by
Sundays of Weeks I, 3, 5, and 7.
• Post 2: Choose a fellow student's post and provide an example (i.e. create a "story" that
applies the concept). For example, if a student’s discussed the rules of searching a vehicle trunk,
you are to provide an example (i.e. a little story) of a police officer conducting either an illegal or a
legal search of a vehicle trunk. This learning process is called "application" and will enhance your
critical thinking skills.
This forces you to "think", not just to memorize and regurgitate material, which any circus-trained
monkey can do. The goal is to prepare you for the real world, which will expect you to think
independently. If you are ready to submit your second post, but there are insufficient initial posts for
you to choose one, then you can pick a topic from the reading assignments and simply provide an
example (i.e. an example/story) for that topic. There is no word count for these posts. These posts
are due by Sundays of weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 (Week 8 ends on a Wednesday, not on Sunday)
• Post 3: choose another concepts from the unit's reading assignment and explain it
thoroughly, the same as "Post 1"
• Post 4: draft a story for another concept, the same as "Post 2"

5. Let me further clarify: you will repeat the process twice during the two-week unit. Posts 1 and 2 are
during the first week of the unit and posts three and four are due during the second week of the unit.
However, I will not be deducting points for failing to meet these deadlines during Unit I, as I
understand there are textbook issues and scheduling issues which can cause delays. As long as you
submit four posts by the end of Unit I, then you will be fine. However, all deadlines will be strictly
enforced for Units II, III, and IV.
Grading Criteria:
• Posts 1 and 3: Thoroughness of discussion. Word Count. Detail of discussion. Accuracy of
content. Label the subject line of your post: Post 1 or Post 3
• Posts 2 and 4: Creativeness of story. Originality. Accuracy of content application. Label the
subject line of your post: Post 2 or Post 4.
Due Dates:
• Posts 1 and 3: Sundays of Weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7
• Posts 2 and 4: Sundays of Weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8
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PLA 4522 Unit 4 DiscussionBoard
Two posts due per week, for a total of FOUR posts per unit.
Very important component of our course and worth 50% of your final grade. That's right, HALF of
your final grade will come from the discussion board activity, so do not disregard the importance of
this assignment.

6. Our units are two weeks long. You must log in and participate at least twice per week (i.e. four times
per unit). This is how your attendance and participation will be measured. Weeks start on Sunday
and end on the following Sunday.
Assignment Requirements:
• Post 1: Choose a topic from the unit's reading assignment. Discuss it thoroughly. It must be
between 150 to 250 words. Do not exceed the word count, but do not fall short of the 150 word
requirement. This post must be in your own words.
Any instances of copied material from ANY source will result in an automatic zero for the offense
and an F in the course for the second one, plus a permanent notation in your academic record,
which will seriously affect any future employment prospects where background checks are
conducted (which in today's job market, includes every single employer). These posts are due by
Sundays of Weeks I, 3, 5, and 7.
• Post 2: Choose a fellow student's post and provide an example (i.e. create a "story" that
applies the concept). For example, if a student’s discussed the rules of searching a vehicle trunk,
you are to provide an example (i.e. a little story) of a police officer conducting either an illegal or a
legal search of a vehicle trunk. This learning process is called "application" and will enhance your
critical thinking skills. This forces you to "think", not just to memorize and regurgitate material, which
any circus-trained monkey can do. The goal is to prepare you for the real world, which will expect
you to think independently.
If you are ready to submit your second post, but there are insufficient initial posts for you to choose
one, then you can pick a topic from the reading assignments and simply provide an example (i.e. an
example/story) for that topic. There is no word count for these posts. These posts are due by
Sundays of weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 (Week 8 ends on a Wednesday, not on Sunday)
• Post 3: choose another concepts from the unit's reading assignment and explain it
thoroughly, the same as "Post 1"
• Post 4: draft a story for another concept, the same as "Post 2"
Let me further clarify: you will repeat the process twice during the two-week unit. Posts 1 and 2 are
during the first week of the unit and posts three and four are due during the second week of the unit.
However, I will not be deducting points for failing to meet these deadlines during Unit I, as I
understand there are textbook issues and scheduling issues which can cause delays. As long as you
submit four posts by the end of Unit I, then you will be fine. However, all deadlines will be strictly
enforced for Units II, III, and IV.

7. Grading Criteria:
• Posts 1 and 3: Thoroughness of discussion. Word Count. Detail of discussion. Accuracy of
content. Label the subject line of your post: Post 1 or Post 3
• Posts 2 and 4: Creativeness of story. Originality. Accuracy of content application. Label the
subject line of your post: Post 2 or Post 4.
Due Dates:
• Posts 1 and 3: Sundays of Weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7
• Posts 2 and 4: Sundays of Weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8
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PLA 4522 UNITIV Chapter 24 ReviewQuestions
1. What does the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) regulate and what does it not
regulate?
2. What kind of scandal has emerged recently related to universities and the sale of body
parts?
3. What may happen if the ultimate purchase of a body part is highly separated from the initial
act of theft?
4. What effect might the legalization of the market for body parts and products have? What has
hindered the legalization of the market?

8. 5. The Institute of Medicine’s report on organ donation discusses a study of individuals in
Chennai, India, who sold kidneys to pay off debt. Describe the general outcomes for the kidney
donors and recipients.
Chapter 29 Review Questions
1. Whether a minor has the capacity to consent to medical treatment depends upon the totality
of the circumstances and the facts of each case. What criteria should be considered?
2. When do a minor’s choices take precedence over the parents’ choices? Can state law
change that?
3. For what reasons do states sometimes get involved in minors’ medical care?
4. Why is it essential for medical care providers to determine and document a minor’s maturity?
5. According to developmental theorist Jean Piaget, when do most minors begin to employ
mature thinking processes? What are some criticisms of Piaget’s model in the context of medical
decision-making?
Chapter 35 Review Questions
1. Describe some characteristics of the research and development of new medical products.
2. Compare the requirements for new medical products to obtain FDA approval to that of
generic versions. Why do they differ?

9. 3. May clinical trial research ever be conducted without obtaining informed consent?
4. What does the informed consent process provide to participants? May informed consent be
obtained from children?
5. What did a government report, authored in 2001, conclude about Pfizer’s clinical trial of the
drug Trovan in Nigeria? What happened to the report? What subsequently happened to Pfizer?
Chapter 39 Review Questions
1. What role does the reform of the nation’s health care laws and regulations play in the reform
of health care? Describe briefly the current nature of those laws and regulations.
2. What are some reasons why comprehensive regulatory reform clearly is needed in the U.S.?
3. The balance between what two forces must be examined so that the U.S. can remain
competitive in the global health care arena?
4. In the past, Americans have resisted any limits on health care. However, going forward, what
questions may arise related to potential limits on care?
5. There should be some consolidation in oversight of the U.S. health care system, but it may
be difficult politically. What role do congressional committees play in this?
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