Floods can cause significant damage. The seminar discussed types of floods like flash floods and river floods. It also discussed causes like heavy rainfall, snowmelt, and dam failures. The effects of floods included property damage, loss of life, environmental contamination, and economic impacts. Control measures discussed permanent structures like flood walls and temporary options like embankments and flood gates. The case study on the 2018 Kerala floods in India described the heavy rainfall that caused widespread flooding and landslides. Over 400 people died and over 1 million people were displaced from their homes. Infrastructure and communities suffered extensive damage.

1. SEMINAR
ON
FLOODS
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
DR. SIMRANJEET HITESH KUMAR (07)
SIR PRINCE KUMAR (08)
ROHIT YADAV (09)
BHAVAY (10)
RAVIKANT (11)

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• What is a Flood?
• Types of Flood
• Benefits of flood
• Disadvantages of flood
• What causes flood?
• Effects of flood
• How to control Floods
• Case Study

3. INTRODUCTION -WHAT IS A FLOOD?
• In plain English, a flood is an excess of water or mud on land
that is normally dry.
• A flood is a condition that occurs when water overflows the
artificial or natural boundaries of a stream, river, or other body
of water onto normally dry land.
• Floods often happen due to heavy rainfall or thawing snow.
• The word "flood" comes from the Old English flod, a word
common to Germanic languages (compare German Flut, Dutch
vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float; also compare
with Latin fluctus, flumen).

4. INTRODUCTION

7. TYPES OF FLOODS
Types of floods
1. Flash floods
2. River floods
3. Coastal Floods
4. Urban Flood
• According to their duration flood can be divided into different
categories:
•Slow-Onset Floods: Slow Onset Floods usually last for a relatively
longer period, it may last for one or more peeks, or even months.
•Rapid-Onset Floods: Rapid1Onset Floods last for a relatively shorter
period, they usually last for one or two days only.
1. Flash Floods: Flash Floods may occur within minutes or a few
hours after heavy rainfall, tropical storm, failure of dams or levees or
releases of ice dams. And it causes the greatest damages to society.

8. 2. River floods : A flood occurs when a river bursts its banks and the
water spills onto the floodplain. Flooding tends to be caused by
heavy rain: the faster the rainwater reaches the river channel , the
more likely it is to flood. ... Drains and sewers take water quickly
and directly to the river channel.
3. Coastal flood : Coastal flood is when the coast is flooded by the
sea. The cause of such a surge is a severe storm.
4. Urban flood: Urban flooding is not just “flooding that happens in an
urban area.” This isn't what happens when a river overflows its banks
or when a hurricane drives a storm surge across a coastal
neighbourhood

9. • Dam failure: Although dam failures are rare, their
• effects can be significant. In Victoria dam safety
• is monitored, and warning arrangements
• are in place to warn downstream residents
• of potential dam failure threats.
• Storm surge: Storm surge occurs when sea levels are
elevated above the usual tidal limit due to the action of
intense low pressure systems over the open ocean. The low
pressure causes sea level to rise as there is less air pressing
down on the sea.

10. BENEFITS OF FLOOD
• Soil Fertility: An excess of water can be damaging to any
natural or manmade structure, but the replenishment of
essential nutrients in soil is possible with floodwater.
• Hydroelectricity: Building dams and other structures can
make use of the powerful mass of water travelling along a
juncture of a river.
• Financial Input: The immediate aftermath of a flood may
lead to the release of financial aid for a country from other
nations, but more often than not in the long-term the
affected nation will spend money on studying floods to
design and implement new forms of flood protection.

11. BENEFITS OF FLOOD…
• Awareness: Flooding awareness is a vital component of
flood prevention and protection. If an individual in a high
risk area only becomes aware of the Environment
Agency’s risk map and flood warning facilities during a
flooding crisis they may not be fully informed or prepared
for the situation.
• Groundwater recharge
• Water quality maintenance :reducing sediment loads,
filtering nutrients and impurities, and moderating water
temperature

12. DISADVANTAGES OF FLOOD
• It can cause damage to property
and homes
• It can cause loss of life
• It can kill animals
• It can cause damage to vehicles
• It can do many things

13. WHAT CAUSES FLOOD?
 River overflow: Rivers can overflow their banks to cause
flooding. This happens when there is more water upstream
than usual, and as it flows downstream to the adjacent low-
lying areas (also called a floodplain), there is a burst and
water gets into the land.
 Strong winds in coastal areas: Sea water can be carried by
massive winds and hurricanes onto dry coastal lands and
cause flooding. Sometimes this is made worse if the winds
carry rains themselves.
 Dam breaking :Dams are man-made blocks mounted to hold
water flowing down from a highland. The power in the water
is used to turn propellers to generate electricity.

15. EFFECTS OF FLOOD
• Economic: During floods (especially flash floods), roads,
bridges, farms, houses and automobiles are destroyed.
People become homeless.
• Environment: The environment also suffers when floods
happen. Chemicals and other hazardous substances end up in
the water and eventually contaminate the water bodies that
floods end up in.
• People: May people are killed in flash floods. Many more
are injured and others made homeless. Water supply and
electricity are disrupted and people struggle and suffer as a
result.

16. CONTROL MEASURES

17. PERMANENT FLOOD
WALL
TEMPORARY
FLOOD WALL
EMBANKMENT
FLOOD GATE
CONTROL MEASURES OF FLOOD…

18. CASE STUDY
ON
KERALA
FLOOD

19. CAUSE OF KERALA FLOOD
• Kerala received heavy monsoon rainfall, on the mid- evening of August 8.
• Almost all dams had been opened since the water level had risen close to
overflow level due to heavy rainfall, flooding local low-lying areas.
• The Government of Kerala argued in the Supreme Court that the sudden
release of water from the Mullaperiyar Dam by the Tamil Nadu government
was one of the reasons for the devastating flood in Kerala.
• It is also said that it has been occurred due to Landslide.

20. IMPACT OF KERALA FLOOD
• Over 483 people died, and 15 are missing
• 33,000 people have been rescued by the forces.
• 65000 people have been rescued by fisherman.
• The Kerala State Disaster Management Authority has placed the
state in a red alert as a result of the intense flooding.
• A number of water treatment plants were forced to cease pumping
water, resulting in poor access to clean water, especially in northern
districts of the state.
• Over 3,274 relief camps have been opened at various locations to
accommodate the flood victims. It is estimated that 1,247,496 people
have found shelter in such camps.

21. IMPACT OF KERALA FLOOD
• The flooding has affected hundreds of villages, destroyed an
estimated 10,000 km (6,200 mi) of roads and thousands of
homes have been damaged or destroyed.
• The Government cancelled Onam celebrations, whose
allocated funds have been reallocated to relief efforts.
• On August 12,Cochin International Airport, India's fourth
busiest in terms of international traffic, and the busiest in the
state suspended all operations until 29 August, following runway
flooding

22. IMPACT OF KERALA FLOOD
• Many schools throughout the
state have been closed, and
tourists have been dissuaded or
banned from some districts due
to safety concerns.
• Due to heavy rain and rising
water levels the southern railway
has suspended train services
on theThiruvananthapuram
- Kottayam-Ernakulam and
Ernakulam-Shoranur-Palakkad sections.

23. • The Government of Kerala started a donation website for flood
victims.
• As of 30 August 2018,
₹1,206.7 crore was collected
from the public including
organisations, corporate firms
and famous personalities
• The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi announced a sum
of ₹500 crore as interim relief for Kerala on 18 August 2018.
This is in addition to ₹562.45 crore already made available in
SDRF of the State .
MONETARY AID

24. MONETARY AID
• ₹100 crore announced on 12 August 2018 by the Home
Minister.
• The central government also said in its press release that this
₹600 crore is only the advance assistance and that additional
funds will be released by the NDRF when an inter-ministerial
team visits again and assesses the damage.
• European Union announced an assistance of ₹1.53 crore in
aid funding to the Indian Red Cross Society for providing relief
to flood- affected people in Kerala

26. MANY PEOPLE
BECOME HOMELESS

27. SOME
PHOTOS
OF
KERALA
FLOOD

28. LESSON:
• Nature always make the world heaven but
when it is disturbed it make the world hell.

29. THANKS