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A seminar on flood
1. A
SEMINAR ON
FLOOD
Sr.No.
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2
3
4
Enroll No.
RAJPUT DHARMIN A.
RATHAWA SAVAN H.
TANDEL RAHUL H.
VAGH BHAVESH R.
Presented By:
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170190109045
170190109046
170190109055
170190109058
Name
DISASTER MANAGEMENT (2150003)
3. 3
Flood is an over flow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
It is a form of natural disaster and wordwide hazards.
It is define as “Flood is an over flow of a large amount of water or mud beyond its normal limits,
especially over what is normally dry land”.
Floods are one of the most common hazards in the world.
However, not all floods are alike. While some floods develop slowly, sometimes over a period of
days, flash floods develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of
rain.
Floods are natural occurrences. where an area or land that is normally dry becomes submerged in
water. In simple terms, flood can be defined as an overflow of large quantities of water onto a
normally dry land. Flooding happens in many ways due to overflow of streams, rivers, lakes or
oceans or as a result of excessive rain.
Introduction
4. Different Type Of Floods
I. River flooding
II. Flash Flooding
III. Coastal Flooding
IV. Urban Flooding
V. Drain and Sewer Flooding
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Flooding can happen anywhere, at any time, and can be caused by more than just rain. Even if you
don't live near a river or creek, different types of flooding may still happen in your area from other
causes.
5. River Flooding
River flooding is one of the most common types of inland flood.
typically due to high rainfall over a prolonged period of time - localised flooding can cause
considerable damage to surrounding properties, as well as posing a significant safety threat.
To prevent flooding, rivers needs good defences, especially in flat or populous areas.
In riverine flooding, relatively high water levels overtop the natural or artificial banks of a stream or
river.
The nature of riverine flooding can vary significantly in terms of cause, timing and depth between
different locations.
Coastal rivers with short, steep headwaters often have floods that rise and recede quickly.
sometimes lasting for several months.
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7. Flash Flooding
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Flash floods are defined as those flood events where the rise in water is either during or within a few hours
of the rainfall that produces the rise.
Caused by heavy and sudden rainfall, flash flooding happens when the ground cannot absorb the water as
quickly as it falls.
Flash flooding can be prevented by good drainage systems and by avoiding over-development on
floodplains.
8. Coastal Flooding
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Coastal areas often bear the brunt of severe storms, especially if these have gathered pace over the
oceans. Extreme weather and high tides can cause a rise in sea levels, sometimes resulting in coastal
flooding. Low-lying seaside areas usually have defences against the water - whether that’s man-made
defences or natural barriers such as sand dunes. As global warming develops, coastal flooding is expected
to be a recurring and increasingly severe problem.
9. Urban Flooding
Urban flooding is a major problem in many parts of the world and is one of the most natural disastrous
event which takes place every year, especially in the coastal cities.
Urban flood, being a natural disaster, cannot be avoided; however, the losses occurring due to flooding
can be prevented by proper flood mitigation planning.
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10. 10
Drain and Sewer Flooding
Sewer floods are not always attributed to the weather. As well as rainfall, they could occur as a result of
a blockage or similar failure within the drainage system. Drain and sewer flooding may be internal
(within a building) or external.
While there may be many different types of floods, they all share one common attribute: the potential to
wreak havoc. Understanding the risks and taking steps to mitigate them is key.
11. Creation
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What is rain?
Rain is actually part of a bigger part of the weather called precipitation, which means any form of water
that falls to the earth like rain, snow, drizzle, hail and sleet.
How is rain formed?
Water is always moving; rain that’s fallen where you live may have been water in the ocean a couple of
days before.
It gets used over and over and over again through what is called the water cycle.
In this cycle water changes from liquid, solid and gas (which is water vapour).
Water vapour then gets into the atmosphere through a process called evaporation.
Evaporation
This then turns the water that is at the top of oceans, rivers and lakes into water vapour in the
atmosphere using energy from the sun. This vapour can also from snow and ice too.
Condensation
The water vapour rises in the atmosphere and there it cools down and forms tiny water droplets through
something called condensation. These tiny droplets then turn into clouds. When they all combine
together, they grow bigger and are too heavy to stay up there in the air. This is when they will fall to the
ground as rain, or maybe snow or hail by gravity.
13. Flooding occurs when an extreme volume of water is carried by rivers, creeks and many other
geographical features into areas where the water cannot be drained adequately.
Often during times of heavy rainfall, drainage systems in residential areas are not adequate, or
unchecked civil development severely impedes the functionality of an otherwise acceptable drainage
system.
Floods cause extremely large numbers of fatalities in every country, but due to India's extremely high
population density and often under development standards, a large amount of damages and many
deaths occurred.
India witnesses flood due to excessive rain which then results in overflow of rivers, lakes and dams,
which adds to cause large amount of damage to people’s lives and property.
In the past, India has witnessed many of largest, most catastrophic floods, causing irreparable
damage to people's livelihood, property, and crucial infrastructure.
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Dam failure
Although dam failures are rare, their effects can be significant. In Victoria dam safety is monitored, and
warning arrangements are in place to warn downstream residents of potential dam failure threats. Should
dam failure occur, significant downstream flooding can involve potentially swift flowing water and high
amounts of debris.
River over flow or streams can overflow their banks. This happens when the river or stream holds more
water upstream than usual, and it flows downstream to the neighbouring low-lying areas, typically referred
to as the floodplains.
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Storm surge
Storm surge occurs when sea levels are elevated above the usual tidal limit due to the action of intense
low pressure systems over the open ocean. The low pressure causes sea level to rise as there is less air
pressing down on the sea. Combined with gale force onshore winds, this can lead to flooding of low-lying
coastal land.
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Heavy Rains
The simplest explanation for flooding is heavy rains.Rain is the leading contributor to most of the flooding
cases witnessed across the world. Too much rain causes water to flow overland contributing to flooding.
In particular, it is due to high rainfall intensity over a prolonged period.
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Melting of the Glaciers and Mountain Tops
In the cold regions, ice and snows build up during the winters. When the temperature rises in summer, the
accumulated snows and ice are subjected to melting resulting in vast movements of water into lands that
are normally dry. Regions with mountains that have ice on top of them also experience the same outcome
when the atmospheric temperature rises. This type of flooding is usually termed as snowmelt flood.
19. Cloud Breaking
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A cloudburst is an extreme amount of precipitation in a short period of time, A cloudburst
can suddenly dump large amounts of water.
However, cloudbursts are infrequent as they occur only via orographic lift or occasionally
when a warm air parcel mixes with cooler air, resulting in sudden condensation. At times, a
large amount of runoff from higher elevations is mistakenly conflated with a cloudburst.
The term "cloudburst" arose from the notion that clouds were akin to water balloons and
could burst, resulting in rapid precipitation. Though this idea has since been disproven, the
term remains in use.
21. How To Protect
Before a Flood
Avoid building in a floodplain.
Construct barriers (levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering your home.
Seal walls in basements with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
If a flood is likely in your area, listen to the radio or television for information.
Know the difference between a flood watch and a flood warning. A watch means flooding is
possible. A warning means flooding is occurring or will occur soon.
When a Flood Is Imminent
Be prepared! Pack a bag with important items in case you need to evacuate. Don't forget to
include needed medications.
If advised to evacuate your home, do so immediately.
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22. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground.
Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect electrical
appliances.
During a Flood
Do not walk through moving water. As little as 6 inches (15 centimetres) of moving water can
make you fall.
If you have to walk in water, wherever possible, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick
to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move
to higher ground if you can do so safely.
Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.
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23. After a Flood
Listen for news reports to learn whether the community's water supply is safe to drink.
Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Water may
also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.
Avoid moving water.
Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could
collapse under the weight of a car.
Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company.
Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters.
Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as possible.
Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards.
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24. Nearly 100 teams comprising about 4,500 personnel of the (National Disaster Response Force)
NDRF have been deployed in 71 locations across the country to deal with floods and heavy rains.
Additional teams are also on standby in all NDRF battalions and will be mobilised as per demand.
The NDRF has deployed 97 teams at 71 locations in at least 14 states across the country for
rescue and relief operations of flood affected people, a Home Ministry official said.
The RNLI (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) Flood Rescue Team is always ready to carry out
search and rescue operations wherever severe flooding puts lives at risk.
The team is made up of 50 volunteers from across the RNLI, including lifeboat crew and
operational staff, all specially trained in swift water rescue.
Our flood rescue volunteers are strategically placed in four flood rescue teams, which cover the
majority of the high risk flooding areas of the Uk.
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-govt-thanks-central-forces-for-rescue-operations-
during-flood-crisis-1323568-2018-08-26
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25. Happened
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Heavy rains across the state of Maharashtra, including large areas of the metropolis Mumbai
which received 944 mm (39.1 inches) alone on 26 July 2005 killed at-least 1,094 people. Mumbai
International Airport remained closed for 30 hours, Mumbai-Pune Expressway was closed for 24
hours with public property loss was estimated at ₹550 corer (US$80 million).
September 4, 2006 Ukai dam outflow flood in Surat is experienced some 20 floods. But this time
killing more than 120 people.
June 2013 North Indian floods: Heavy rain due to cloudburst caused severe floods and landslides
on the North Indian, mainly Uttarakhand and nearby states. More than 5,700 people were
presumed dead.
June 2015 Gujarat flood: Heavy rain in June 2015 resulted in widespread flood in Saurashtra
region of Gujarat resulting in more than 70 deaths. The wild life of Gir Forest National Park and
adjoining area was also affected.
https://en.m.Wikipedia.org
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2015 South Indian floods: Heavy rain in Nov-Dec 2015 resulted in flooding of Adyar, Cooum rivers
in Chennai, Tamil Nadu resulting in financial loss and human lives.
2016 Assam floods: Heavy rains in July–August resulted in floods affecting 1.8 million people and
flooding the Kaziranga National Park killing around 200 wild animals.
2017 Gujarat flood: Following heavy rain in July 2017, Gujarat state of India was affected by the
severe flood resulting in more than 200 deaths.
August 2017 Nepal and India floods
August 2018 Kerala Flood: Following high rain in late July 2018 and heavy Monsoon rainfall from
August 8, 2018, severe flooding affected the Indian state of Kerala resulting over 445 deaths.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_floods
