1) The document presents a half bridge converter topology for battery charging applications.
2) A single stage half bridge converter is proposed that provides DC voltage regulation and power factor correction with only one controller.
3) The converter operation depends on whether the inductor is operating in discontinuous or continuous conduction mode, with discontinuous mode avoiding high voltage stress at light loads.
IRJET- Implementation of Multilevel Inverter using Solar PV Array for Renewab...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a multi-level inverter using a solar PV array for renewable energy applications. Specifically, it proposes a system that uses a MPPT controller with a dc/dc converter and a nine-level inverter. It describes the design and components of the proposed prototype, including the solar PV array, modified SEPIC converter for high voltage gain, multi-level H-bridge inverter topology, and MPPT controller. A PIC microcontroller is used to implement the MPPT algorithm and control the system. Finally, an isolated MOSFET driver circuit is discussed to safely and efficiently drive the MOSFETs in the system.
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BI - DIRECTIONAL ISOLATED FULL BRIDGE CONVERTEREditor IJMTER
In the renewable energy systems, the exchange of power from the source to the load and
vice-versa have conventionally been implemented with two uni-directional converters; each
processing the power in one direction. To improve the energy quality in such systems, bidirectional
DC-DC converters are used to charge/discharge the energy storage systems. This paper proposes the
bidirectional DC-DC converter which employs the two full single phase bridge converter
configuration on the both sides of the isolating transformer. The high side converter is controlled as
step down and the low side converter is controlled as step up. At a given instant of time, only one
converter is controlled and other acts as diode bridge converter. The proposed system is
characterized by good dynamic properties and high efficiency because of low switching losses.
Using the same power components for achieving bidirectional flow of power in the symmetrical
circuit topology provides a simple, efficient and galvanic ally isolated that is especially attractive for
use in battery charging/discharging circuits.High frequency isolation transformer plays an important
role in achieving galvanic isolation and also for reducing the system size, weight and cost. Power
MOSFET switches, provided with snubber circuit and PI filter at the output side are employed to
reduce the ripple and for voltage regulation in this proposed thesis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Fuzzy Logic Controller based Bridgeless (BL) Isolated Interleaved Zeta Conver...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent times, high-brightness light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) are
developing rapidly and it is confirmed to be the future development in
lighting not only because of their high efficiency and high reliability,
however also because of their other exceptional features: chromatic variety,
shock and vibration resistance, etc. In this paper, a bridgeless (BL) Isolated
Interleaved Zeta Converter is proposed for the purpose of reducing the diode
failures or losses; the value of output ripples also gets decreased. The
proposed BL isolated interleaved zeta converter operating in discontinuous
conduction mode (DCM) is used for controlling the brightness of LED
Driver with inherent PFC at ac mains using single voltage sensor. The fuzzy
logic controller (FLC) is used to adjust the Modulation Index of the voltage
controller in order to improve the dynamic response of LED Lamp driver.
Based on the error of converter output voltage, FLC is designed to select the
optimum Modulation Index of the voltage controller. The proposed LED
driver is simulated to achieve a unity power factor at ac mains for a wide
range of voltage control and supply voltage fluctuations.
1. The document discusses a novel multistring inverter topology for distributed energy resources (DERs) based DC/AC conversion systems.
2. A high step-up converter is introduced as a front-end stage to improve conversion efficiency and stabilize the output DC voltage of various DERs, such as photovoltaics, for use with a simplified multilevel inverter.
3. The proposed inverter topology uses fewer switches than conventional designs to achieve multiple voltage levels, reducing cost, component counts, losses, and improving reliability.
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Single-Phase Inverter with Energy Buffer and DC-DC Conversion CircuitsAsoka Technologies
This paper proposes a new single-phase inverter topology and describes the control method for the proposed inverter. The inverter consists of an energy buffer circuit, a dc-dc conversion circuit and an H-bridge circuit. The energy buffer circuit and H-bridge circuit enable the proposed inverter to output a multilevel voltage according to the proposed pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The dc-dc conversion circuit can charge the buffer capacitor continuously because the dc-dc conversion control cooperates with the PWM. Simulation results confirm that the proposed inverter can reduce the voltage harmonics in the output and the dc-dc conversion current in comparison to a conventional inverter consisting of a dc-dc conversion circuit and H-bridge circuit. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed inverter can output currents of low total harmonic distortion and have higher efficiency than the conventional inverter. In addition, it is confirmed that these features of the proposed inverter contribute to the suppression of the circuit volume in spite of the increase in the number of devices in the circuit.
An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge ...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.
IRJET- Implementation of Multilevel Inverter using Solar PV Array for Renewab...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a multi-level inverter using a solar PV array for renewable energy applications. Specifically, it proposes a system that uses a MPPT controller with a dc/dc converter and a nine-level inverter. It describes the design and components of the proposed prototype, including the solar PV array, modified SEPIC converter for high voltage gain, multi-level H-bridge inverter topology, and MPPT controller. A PIC microcontroller is used to implement the MPPT algorithm and control the system. Finally, an isolated MOSFET driver circuit is discussed to safely and efficiently drive the MOSFETs in the system.
DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BI - DIRECTIONAL ISOLATED FULL BRIDGE CONVERTEREditor IJMTER
In the renewable energy systems, the exchange of power from the source to the load and
vice-versa have conventionally been implemented with two uni-directional converters; each
processing the power in one direction. To improve the energy quality in such systems, bidirectional
DC-DC converters are used to charge/discharge the energy storage systems. This paper proposes the
bidirectional DC-DC converter which employs the two full single phase bridge converter
configuration on the both sides of the isolating transformer. The high side converter is controlled as
step down and the low side converter is controlled as step up. At a given instant of time, only one
converter is controlled and other acts as diode bridge converter. The proposed system is
characterized by good dynamic properties and high efficiency because of low switching losses.
Using the same power components for achieving bidirectional flow of power in the symmetrical
circuit topology provides a simple, efficient and galvanic ally isolated that is especially attractive for
use in battery charging/discharging circuits.High frequency isolation transformer plays an important
role in achieving galvanic isolation and also for reducing the system size, weight and cost. Power
MOSFET switches, provided with snubber circuit and PI filter at the output side are employed to
reduce the ripple and for voltage regulation in this proposed thesis.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Fuzzy Logic Controller based Bridgeless (BL) Isolated Interleaved Zeta Conver...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent times, high-brightness light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) are
developing rapidly and it is confirmed to be the future development in
lighting not only because of their high efficiency and high reliability,
however also because of their other exceptional features: chromatic variety,
shock and vibration resistance, etc. In this paper, a bridgeless (BL) Isolated
Interleaved Zeta Converter is proposed for the purpose of reducing the diode
failures or losses; the value of output ripples also gets decreased. The
proposed BL isolated interleaved zeta converter operating in discontinuous
conduction mode (DCM) is used for controlling the brightness of LED
Driver with inherent PFC at ac mains using single voltage sensor. The fuzzy
logic controller (FLC) is used to adjust the Modulation Index of the voltage
controller in order to improve the dynamic response of LED Lamp driver.
Based on the error of converter output voltage, FLC is designed to select the
optimum Modulation Index of the voltage controller. The proposed LED
driver is simulated to achieve a unity power factor at ac mains for a wide
range of voltage control and supply voltage fluctuations.
1. The document discusses a novel multistring inverter topology for distributed energy resources (DERs) based DC/AC conversion systems.
2. A high step-up converter is introduced as a front-end stage to improve conversion efficiency and stabilize the output DC voltage of various DERs, such as photovoltaics, for use with a simplified multilevel inverter.
3. The proposed inverter topology uses fewer switches than conventional designs to achieve multiple voltage levels, reducing cost, component counts, losses, and improving reliability.
This work highlights a modular power conditioning system (PCS) in photovoltaic (PV) applications which consists with a DC-DC converter. The converter is able to regulate and amplify the input DC voltage produced by the PV panal. The implementation of Mosfet as bidirectional switch on the converter yields greater conversion ratio and better voltage regulation than a conventional DC-DC step up converter and PWM resonant converter. It also reduces the switching losses on the output DC voltage of the converter, as the MOSFET switches on primary winding of converter switch on under ZVS conditions. The proposed resonant converter has been designed, with the modification of series resonant converter and PWM boost converter that utilizes the high frequency of AC bidirectional switch to eliminate the weaknesses of used converters. The topology of the proposed converter includes the mode of operations, designing procedure and components selection of the new converter elements. This topology provides a DC output voltage to the inverter at range of about 120Vac-208 Vac.
Single-Phase Inverter with Energy Buffer and DC-DC Conversion CircuitsAsoka Technologies
This paper proposes a new single-phase inverter topology and describes the control method for the proposed inverter. The inverter consists of an energy buffer circuit, a dc-dc conversion circuit and an H-bridge circuit. The energy buffer circuit and H-bridge circuit enable the proposed inverter to output a multilevel voltage according to the proposed pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The dc-dc conversion circuit can charge the buffer capacitor continuously because the dc-dc conversion control cooperates with the PWM. Simulation results confirm that the proposed inverter can reduce the voltage harmonics in the output and the dc-dc conversion current in comparison to a conventional inverter consisting of a dc-dc conversion circuit and H-bridge circuit. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed inverter can output currents of low total harmonic distortion and have higher efficiency than the conventional inverter. In addition, it is confirmed that these features of the proposed inverter contribute to the suppression of the circuit volume in spite of the increase in the number of devices in the circuit.
An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge ...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.
Voltage Control of Dual Active Bridge Converter for CO-Amorphous Core Materia...kuldeep12555
Solid-State Transformer (SST) provides versatile power system operation. In the smart world, there are technologies where everything is incorporated that reduce the size and eventually save time in delivering a fast process. It has been seen that solid-state transformer voltage begins to decrease during operation that needs to be regulated through some control strategy. In this paper, a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter has been used to control the voltage of SST that employs the Single-Phase Shift (SPS) technique. For further efficiency improvement Co73(Si, B)27 co-amorphous material has been used for the core of SST because co-amorphous alloy has much lower loss compared with Fe-amorphous cores and have limited saturation flux density. Real-time parameters of core have been used in the analysis. It has been evident from the results that DAB dc-dc converter-based SST with SPS control technique is simple and offers better performance compared to stand-alone SST. It improves the overall performance and efficiency of the system. This paper has been accomplished in Matlab® / Simulink environment.
Keywords: Co73 (Si, B)27 Amorphous Core Material; Solid-State transformer (SST); Dual Active Bridge (DAB); High
voltage (HV) Application.
Design of an Integrated Power Factor Converter with PI Controller for Low Pow...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, an integrated power factor converter with PI controller is proposed. The circuit topology is obtained by integrating two converters namely the buck converter and a boost converter. The boost converter is normally a step up converter which obtain an unity power factor and performs low harmonics at the input. Based on the simple circuit topology and easy control the boost converter or buck-boost converter is used as power factor correctors. Similarly the buck converter regulates the dc-link voltage and provide a stable dc output voltage. To achieve unity power factor, the output voltage of both converter should be higher than the amplitude of the ac line voltage. The steady -state analysis is developed and a design is provided
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
High Voltage Gain Boost Converter for Micro source Power Conversion systemIDES Editor
The document presents a new high voltage gain boost converter design that uses a coupled inductor and voltage lift technique. Key features of the proposed converter include:
1) It can achieve a high voltage gain while operating at a duty ratio close to 0.65, allowing continuous conduction mode operation.
2) The coupled inductor design recycles energy stored in the leakage inductance, increasing efficiency by clamping voltage on the active switch.
3) A 250W prototype was built with 25V input and 240V output to demonstrate the converter's performance operating at 50kHz.
Steady-state analysis and derivations of voltage gain formulas are provided to explain the operating principles and performance advantages of the proposed
This document describes a novel 2D converter design that combines a synchronous rectifier buck converter and a KY boost converter. The proposed converter has a positive output voltage and improved stability compared to traditional buck-boost converters. It operates in continuous conduction mode and has a non-pulsating output current, reducing current stress on the output capacitor and voltage ripple. The converter uses the same power switches as the KY and buck converters, making the circuit more compact and lower cost. The document provides details on the circuit configuration and operating principles of the 2D converter and discusses its application in battery chargers. It also mentions controller design and simulation results to verify the converter's performance.
This document summarizes a research paper on a bidirectional DC-DC converter with a Z-source network. The proposed converter aims to increase the output voltage level and regulation range compared to traditional bidirectional converters. It uses a fully bridge symmetrical circuit configuration with voltage and current sources. Simulation results using MATLAB show the converter can reduce current stress and improve efficiency for applications in hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Key aspects analyzed include the converter's operating principles, voltage regulation model, and simulation circuit and results demonstrating operation in forward and reverse modes.
High efficiency zcs single input multiple output simo d.c to dIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper presented at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management. The paper proposes a new single-input multiple-output DC-DC converter topology that can boost a low voltage input to multiple isolated outputs using only one switch. This converter uses a coupled inductor and fuzzy logic controller to achieve high efficiency and zero current switching. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the design and performance of the proposed converter. The converter is well-suited for powering multi-level inverters with multiple isolated inputs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
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A Novel Power Factor Correction Modified Bridge Less-CUK Converter for LED La...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent decades, several research works have been focused on the efficient Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter design in to meet the power supply efficiency. Conventional PFC cuk converter widely uses the full bridge rectifier which had resulted in overall increase of converter losses and inefficiency. This paper is intended to develop a novel PFC Bridgeless cuk converter for LED lamp applications. In this work, the limitations of the conventional PFC Cuk converter are resolved. The major contributions of the proposed work include the minimization in the number of conduction devices and minimization of the power utility devices which in turn resulted in minimal losses and better efficiency. Moreover, the proposed converter works in DCM which requires only one voltage sensor which results in reduced cost. The proposed Modified BL Cuk converter (MBL-CUK) for LED lamp is simulated in MATLAB and the corresponding results show the better power quality indices such as power factor and Total Harmonic Distortion.
This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
This document proposes and analyzes a novel three-phase multi-string multilevel inverter for photovoltaic systems. The inverter uses a high step-up DC-DC converter to boost and stabilize the output DC voltage from multiple renewable energy sources. It then uses a simplified multilevel inverter topology with only six switches instead of the eight switches used in conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters, reducing losses. Simulation and experimental results show the inverter provides improved output waveforms, lower harmonics, reduced size and cost compared to other topologies.
Design and Performance of a Bidirectional Isolated Dc-Dc Converter for Renewa...IOSR Journals
1) The document describes a bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter for renewable power systems. The proposed converter uses a coupled inductor with the same winding turns on the primary and secondary sides, allowing for higher step-up and step-down voltage gains than conventional bidirectional converters.
2) A simulation of the proposed converter in a photovoltaic system is implemented in Simulink. The simulation results show the input voltage from the solar panel and output voltage in both forward and reverse modes of operation.
3) A quasi-optimal design method is presented to minimize conduction losses by reducing the RMS current value and extend zero-voltage switching to improve conversion efficiency. Duty cycle control is used to achieve this while accommodating variations in
Voltage Clamped Dc-Dc Convertor with Reduced Reverse Recovery Current And Sta...IJMER
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new high-efficiency voltage clamped DC-DC converter design with reduced reverse recovery current and switch voltage stress. The design uses a combination of an inductor and transformer to increase voltage gain. An additional inductor provides a reverse current path for the transformer to improve core utilization. Voltage clamping is used to reduce switch voltage stress, allowing the use of Schottky diodes at the output. Experimental results using a 250W proton exchange membrane fuel cell power source demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power conversion strategy.
Proposed PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology Technique for Leakage Current ...IJPEDS-IAES
Importance and demand of using renewable energy is dramatically escalated globally. Hence, the use of renewable energy is going to touch in peak. This demand is varying according to the site choosing. For instance, Wind is preferable where air is following highly as well as solar recommended place is high sun ray reducing places. Especially, the renewable system is highly recommended for electrification issues where it’s possible to produce the electricity for fulfilling rural and remote areas electricity problem. The photovoltaic (PV) panel of connecting with transformer based system is popular where some limitations are occurred especially cost and weight. In contrast, in this paper is focusing these issues where the transformer-less inverter system is used. Here will discuss some transformer-based and transformer-less inverter topologies and the leakage current issue which is occurred when transformer-less inverter system is used. Moreover, here is proposed a topology for reducing the leakage current after doing switching technique in both 50% and 75% duty cycle where output voltage remains quite same.
Basic MOSFET Based vs Couple-Coils Boost Converters for Photovoltaic GeneratorsIJPEDS-IAES
This document discusses different boost converter designs for photovoltaic generators. It compares a basic MOSFET-based boost converter to a proposed couple-coils boost converter. The basic converter uses discrete components like an inductor, freewheeling diode, and power MOSFET switch. Loss analyses are performed on these components. A coupled-coils design is proposed to minimize losses by integrating a low voltage MOSFET and very low resistance inductor. The goal is to design high efficiency converters for medium and high voltage photovoltaic systems connected to 230V AC grids.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IjEVOLUTION OF POWER SUPPLY AND ITS APPLICATION TO ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ...IAEME Publication
Electricity can be produced using chemical effect where the movement of ions constitutes a flow of current through the electrolyte. Electrochemical cells are used as storage cells where chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy. The most efficient and widely used method for the generation of electricity is based on the laws of Electromagnetic Induction. According to this law electromotive force is induced in a conductor whenever the conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux. The invention of the Diode Valve in 1904 and the invention of the triode valve in 1906 and their largescale production from 1920 onwards helped to manufacture electronic products and instruments. The invention of the galena-based Cat’s whisker detector in 1906 was the milestone of manufacturing crystal radio receivers. Cuprous oxide rectifier was invented in 1926 and was used for the rectification of power supply frequencies. Selenium rectifier was invented in 1933 and it was also used for the rectification of power frequencies but selenium rectifier was more efficient and was best in low-voltage, heavy current applications. Commercial manufacturing of germanium crystal diode was started in 1946. Then invention of the bipolar junction transistor in 1948 had replaced the valves because of low power, low cost, small size and long-lasting. Electrical products are generally operated from the mains power supply. But electronic products are operated by D.C supply and nowadays most of the communication devices are designed to be operated by the low-watt power supply. Scientists and researchers are developing low power, low heat dissipation, low dropout, miniature and energy harvesting efficient power supply.
This document summarizes a study that investigated modifying polystyrene (PS) with nanoclay to improve its mechanical properties. PS nanocomposites were prepared with different types of nanoclays using in-situ polymerization. The mechanical properties were highest with 2% vinyl clay, due to better interaction between vinyl groups on the clay and styrene monomer. A central composite design was used to optimize the clay and latex content. The model equations derived showed good fitting to experimental data. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the nanoclay was well dispersed improving mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the composites had increased thermal stability compared to pure PS.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Voltage Control of Dual Active Bridge Converter for CO-Amorphous Core Materia...kuldeep12555
Solid-State Transformer (SST) provides versatile power system operation. In the smart world, there are technologies where everything is incorporated that reduce the size and eventually save time in delivering a fast process. It has been seen that solid-state transformer voltage begins to decrease during operation that needs to be regulated through some control strategy. In this paper, a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter has been used to control the voltage of SST that employs the Single-Phase Shift (SPS) technique. For further efficiency improvement Co73(Si, B)27 co-amorphous material has been used for the core of SST because co-amorphous alloy has much lower loss compared with Fe-amorphous cores and have limited saturation flux density. Real-time parameters of core have been used in the analysis. It has been evident from the results that DAB dc-dc converter-based SST with SPS control technique is simple and offers better performance compared to stand-alone SST. It improves the overall performance and efficiency of the system. This paper has been accomplished in Matlab® / Simulink environment.
Keywords: Co73 (Si, B)27 Amorphous Core Material; Solid-State transformer (SST); Dual Active Bridge (DAB); High
voltage (HV) Application.
Design of an Integrated Power Factor Converter with PI Controller for Low Pow...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, an integrated power factor converter with PI controller is proposed. The circuit topology is obtained by integrating two converters namely the buck converter and a boost converter. The boost converter is normally a step up converter which obtain an unity power factor and performs low harmonics at the input. Based on the simple circuit topology and easy control the boost converter or buck-boost converter is used as power factor correctors. Similarly the buck converter regulates the dc-link voltage and provide a stable dc output voltage. To achieve unity power factor, the output voltage of both converter should be higher than the amplitude of the ac line voltage. The steady -state analysis is developed and a design is provided
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
High Voltage Gain Boost Converter for Micro source Power Conversion systemIDES Editor
The document presents a new high voltage gain boost converter design that uses a coupled inductor and voltage lift technique. Key features of the proposed converter include:
1) It can achieve a high voltage gain while operating at a duty ratio close to 0.65, allowing continuous conduction mode operation.
2) The coupled inductor design recycles energy stored in the leakage inductance, increasing efficiency by clamping voltage on the active switch.
3) A 250W prototype was built with 25V input and 240V output to demonstrate the converter's performance operating at 50kHz.
Steady-state analysis and derivations of voltage gain formulas are provided to explain the operating principles and performance advantages of the proposed
This document describes a novel 2D converter design that combines a synchronous rectifier buck converter and a KY boost converter. The proposed converter has a positive output voltage and improved stability compared to traditional buck-boost converters. It operates in continuous conduction mode and has a non-pulsating output current, reducing current stress on the output capacitor and voltage ripple. The converter uses the same power switches as the KY and buck converters, making the circuit more compact and lower cost. The document provides details on the circuit configuration and operating principles of the 2D converter and discusses its application in battery chargers. It also mentions controller design and simulation results to verify the converter's performance.
This document summarizes a research paper on a bidirectional DC-DC converter with a Z-source network. The proposed converter aims to increase the output voltage level and regulation range compared to traditional bidirectional converters. It uses a fully bridge symmetrical circuit configuration with voltage and current sources. Simulation results using MATLAB show the converter can reduce current stress and improve efficiency for applications in hybrid electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Key aspects analyzed include the converter's operating principles, voltage regulation model, and simulation circuit and results demonstrating operation in forward and reverse modes.
High efficiency zcs single input multiple output simo d.c to dIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper presented at the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management. The paper proposes a new single-input multiple-output DC-DC converter topology that can boost a low voltage input to multiple isolated outputs using only one switch. This converter uses a coupled inductor and fuzzy logic controller to achieve high efficiency and zero current switching. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the design and performance of the proposed converter. The converter is well-suited for powering multi-level inverters with multiple isolated inputs.
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A Novel Power Factor Correction Modified Bridge Less-CUK Converter for LED La...IJPEDS-IAES
In recent decades, several research works have been focused on the efficient Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter design in to meet the power supply efficiency. Conventional PFC cuk converter widely uses the full bridge rectifier which had resulted in overall increase of converter losses and inefficiency. This paper is intended to develop a novel PFC Bridgeless cuk converter for LED lamp applications. In this work, the limitations of the conventional PFC Cuk converter are resolved. The major contributions of the proposed work include the minimization in the number of conduction devices and minimization of the power utility devices which in turn resulted in minimal losses and better efficiency. Moreover, the proposed converter works in DCM which requires only one voltage sensor which results in reduced cost. The proposed Modified BL Cuk converter (MBL-CUK) for LED lamp is simulated in MATLAB and the corresponding results show the better power quality indices such as power factor and Total Harmonic Distortion.
This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
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Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
This document proposes and analyzes a novel three-phase multi-string multilevel inverter for photovoltaic systems. The inverter uses a high step-up DC-DC converter to boost and stabilize the output DC voltage from multiple renewable energy sources. It then uses a simplified multilevel inverter topology with only six switches instead of the eight switches used in conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters, reducing losses. Simulation and experimental results show the inverter provides improved output waveforms, lower harmonics, reduced size and cost compared to other topologies.
Design and Performance of a Bidirectional Isolated Dc-Dc Converter for Renewa...IOSR Journals
1) The document describes a bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter for renewable power systems. The proposed converter uses a coupled inductor with the same winding turns on the primary and secondary sides, allowing for higher step-up and step-down voltage gains than conventional bidirectional converters.
2) A simulation of the proposed converter in a photovoltaic system is implemented in Simulink. The simulation results show the input voltage from the solar panel and output voltage in both forward and reverse modes of operation.
3) A quasi-optimal design method is presented to minimize conduction losses by reducing the RMS current value and extend zero-voltage switching to improve conversion efficiency. Duty cycle control is used to achieve this while accommodating variations in
Voltage Clamped Dc-Dc Convertor with Reduced Reverse Recovery Current And Sta...IJMER
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new high-efficiency voltage clamped DC-DC converter design with reduced reverse recovery current and switch voltage stress. The design uses a combination of an inductor and transformer to increase voltage gain. An additional inductor provides a reverse current path for the transformer to improve core utilization. Voltage clamping is used to reduce switch voltage stress, allowing the use of Schottky diodes at the output. Experimental results using a 250W proton exchange membrane fuel cell power source demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power conversion strategy.
Proposed PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology Technique for Leakage Current ...IJPEDS-IAES
Importance and demand of using renewable energy is dramatically escalated globally. Hence, the use of renewable energy is going to touch in peak. This demand is varying according to the site choosing. For instance, Wind is preferable where air is following highly as well as solar recommended place is high sun ray reducing places. Especially, the renewable system is highly recommended for electrification issues where it’s possible to produce the electricity for fulfilling rural and remote areas electricity problem. The photovoltaic (PV) panel of connecting with transformer based system is popular where some limitations are occurred especially cost and weight. In contrast, in this paper is focusing these issues where the transformer-less inverter system is used. Here will discuss some transformer-based and transformer-less inverter topologies and the leakage current issue which is occurred when transformer-less inverter system is used. Moreover, here is proposed a topology for reducing the leakage current after doing switching technique in both 50% and 75% duty cycle where output voltage remains quite same.
Basic MOSFET Based vs Couple-Coils Boost Converters for Photovoltaic GeneratorsIJPEDS-IAES
This document discusses different boost converter designs for photovoltaic generators. It compares a basic MOSFET-based boost converter to a proposed couple-coils boost converter. The basic converter uses discrete components like an inductor, freewheeling diode, and power MOSFET switch. Loss analyses are performed on these components. A coupled-coils design is proposed to minimize losses by integrating a low voltage MOSFET and very low resistance inductor. The goal is to design high efficiency converters for medium and high voltage photovoltaic systems connected to 230V AC grids.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IjEVOLUTION OF POWER SUPPLY AND ITS APPLICATION TO ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ...IAEME Publication
Electricity can be produced using chemical effect where the movement of ions constitutes a flow of current through the electrolyte. Electrochemical cells are used as storage cells where chemical energy can be converted into electrical energy. The most efficient and widely used method for the generation of electricity is based on the laws of Electromagnetic Induction. According to this law electromotive force is induced in a conductor whenever the conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux. The invention of the Diode Valve in 1904 and the invention of the triode valve in 1906 and their largescale production from 1920 onwards helped to manufacture electronic products and instruments. The invention of the galena-based Cat’s whisker detector in 1906 was the milestone of manufacturing crystal radio receivers. Cuprous oxide rectifier was invented in 1926 and was used for the rectification of power supply frequencies. Selenium rectifier was invented in 1933 and it was also used for the rectification of power frequencies but selenium rectifier was more efficient and was best in low-voltage, heavy current applications. Commercial manufacturing of germanium crystal diode was started in 1946. Then invention of the bipolar junction transistor in 1948 had replaced the valves because of low power, low cost, small size and long-lasting. Electrical products are generally operated from the mains power supply. But electronic products are operated by D.C supply and nowadays most of the communication devices are designed to be operated by the low-watt power supply. Scientists and researchers are developing low power, low heat dissipation, low dropout, miniature and energy harvesting efficient power supply.
This document summarizes a study that investigated modifying polystyrene (PS) with nanoclay to improve its mechanical properties. PS nanocomposites were prepared with different types of nanoclays using in-situ polymerization. The mechanical properties were highest with 2% vinyl clay, due to better interaction between vinyl groups on the clay and styrene monomer. A central composite design was used to optimize the clay and latex content. The model equations derived showed good fitting to experimental data. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the nanoclay was well dispersed improving mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the composites had increased thermal stability compared to pure PS.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document analyzes the impact of introducing an alternative sluice method of irrigation in 1999 on groundwater levels in the Parambikulam Aliyar Project area in Tamil Nadu, India. It uses groundwater level data from 17 observation wells from 1971-2010 and rainfall data from 28 stations. The results show that groundwater levels increased in 9 of the wells after 1999, decreased in 3 wells, and remained unchanged in 1 well. Most increases were seen in the Valayar and Aliyar sub-basins, where rainfall also increased somewhat over the same period. The study aims to assess whether the alternative irrigation method has positively impacted groundwater recharge in parts of the project area.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document proposes a method for image enhancement through noise suppression using a Nonlinear Parameterized Adaptive Recursive (PAR) model in the spatial domain. The PAR model uses an intentional median filter that performs filtering only on noisy pixels, adaptively varying the window size and number of iterations. Experimental results on images corrupted with salt and pepper noise show the PAR model achieves better noise suppression than traditional, recursive, and adaptive median filters as measured by higher peak signal-to-noise ratios and shorter computational times. The PAR model is thus useful for interactive image processing by providing a family of possible denoised images.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a synthesizable AMBA AXI protocol checker to verify communication properties in a system-on-chip (SoC) design. It contains 44 rules to check the AMBA AXI protocol and provides verification of the AXI master, slave, and default slave protocols. The protocol checker uses a rule-based methodology and model simulation to thoroughly verify chip-level behaviors and help debug issues, improving design quality and reducing verification time and costs.
This document discusses using a fuzzy logic system to maximize spectrum access in cognitive radio. It proposes controlling spectrum access through a fuzzy logic system to minimize call blocking and interference. The fuzzy logic system will use three descriptors as inputs: the secondary user's spectrum utilization efficiency, degree of mobility, and distance to the primary user. The spectrum chosen for access will be based on the maximum possibility of better utilization while avoiding interference to primary users.
This document proposes and evaluates a classification system for automatically classifying apples based on images using a nearest neighbor classifier. The system divides apple images into windows, extracts statistical features from each window, eliminates unnecessary windows, and classifies the apple as defected or non-defected based on the features. It aims to discriminate stem ends and calyxes, which are natural parts of apples, from defects. The results show the proposed window-based approach is effective and more efficient than existing techniques at classifying apples and distinguishing stem ends/calyxes from defects.
The document describes a floral shaped patch antenna designed to operate at multiple frequency bands through the introduction of four slits. This provides a bandwidth of 4.04%. To further increase the bandwidth, four parasitic T-shaped patches are directly coupled to the floral patch. This creates three resonant modes close together, increasing the bandwidth to 8.582%. The combined effect of slits and parasitic elements provides a simple method for a low profile, broadband antenna operating from 3.68GHz to 4.01GHz.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a methodology for cycle-accurate simulation of energy dissipation in embedded systems. The methodology tightly couples component models to enable accurate estimates of performance and energy consumption within 5% of hardware measurements. The simulator can be used to explore hardware design alternatives and estimate the impact of software changes. It also includes a profiler to relate energy consumption to source code, allowing quick identification and evaluation of energy-efficient software optimizations. The tools were tested on an industrial application called the SmartBadge, reducing energy consumption by 77% for an MP3 audio decoder example.
Mbali Twala is a South African university student currently studying for a Bachelor of Social Science degree at Monash South Africa. She has relevant work experience assisting at an internet cafe and as a student assistant at Monash South Africa during an open day. She speaks English, Afrikaans, and SeSotho and has strong Microsoft Office skills. Her references include her former internet cafe boss and an executive assistant at Monash South Africa.
Torrox es un municipio en la provincia de Málaga, Andalucía, España, situado en la Costa del Sol Oriental junto al mar Mediterráneo y a los pies de la Sierra de Almijara. Torrox tiene un clima templado con temperaturas moderadas todo el año y un promedio de 2.900 horas de sol anuales. El pueblo cuenta con varios monumentos históricos como iglesias, conventos y ruinas romanas, así como varias festividades a lo largo del año que incluyen carnavales, ferias y rom
This document analyzes wind power density in Azmar Mountain located in Sulaimani region of northern Iraq. Hourly wind speed data was collected over one year at a height of 5 meters above ground. The mean wind speed ranged from 4.65 to 11.86 m/s at 5 meters and 6.41 to 16.36 m/s at 50 meters after extrapolation. The Weibull distribution parameters c and k varied between months with c ranging from 5.21 to 13.46 m/s and k ranging from 1.60 to 3.47. The mean wind power density ranged from 70.89 to 1559.16 W/m2 at 5 meters and 186.71 to 4096.20 W/
1) O Parque Nacional de Itatiaia é o primeiro parque nacional do Brasil, fundado em 1937 para proteger a biodiversidade da região que abriga a Floresta Atlântica e ecossistemas de altitude.
2) O parque possui trilhas, um centro de visitantes com exposições sobre a fauna, flora e história da região, além de realizar atividades educativas.
3) As escolas podem agendar visitas guiadas para conhecer melhor o bioma Mata Atlântica por meio desta importante unidade de conservação.
Tia Harvey is being assessed for providing reception services at the Rainbow Centre. The document outlines the knowledge and performance requirements she must meet, including understanding reception procedures, health and safety, security, and emergency protocols. It provides examples of how she has correctly followed procedures, such as signing visitors in and out, maintaining confidentiality, and dealing with issues like accidents. The assessment evaluates if Tia can correctly carry out the receptionist role and present a positive image of herself and the organization.
Este documento describe un proyecto para establecer una presencia en LinkedIn para la Asociación de Empresas AJECastellón. El proyecto incluyó crear perfiles para la asociación y su gerente, un grupo para las empresas asociadas, y otro grupo privado para la junta directiva. También difundió el uso de LinkedIn y ofreció talleres para las empresas sobre cómo utilizar esta red para sus negocios.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Design of Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Low Voltage Dc ApplicationsIOSRJEEE
An advanced hybrid LLC series resonant converter with united flying-capacitor cell is proposed in this paper to permit the high step-down conversion in the high input voltage applications. The in-built flyingcapacitor branch in the primary side can efficiently share out the primary switch voltage stress related with the half-bridge LLC converters. And the input voltage can be shared correspondingly and automatically between the two series half-bridge components lacking additional balance circuit or control strategies owing to the built-in flying- capacitor cell. Likewise, the inherent soft switching performance in extensive load range that exists in the LLC converters is still kept to decrease the switching losses, which ensures the high efficiency. In addition, the proposed converter can be comprehensive to reduce the switch voltage stress byemploying stacked connection. Finally, a 500∼640 Vinput 48 Voutput 1 kW prototype is built and tested to verify the efficiency of the proposed converter. The results prove that the proposed converter is an excellent candidate for the high input voltage and high step-down dc/dc conversion systems.
High-Power Bidirectional Dual Active Bridge and Double Dual Active Bridge DC-...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a high-power bidirectional dual active bridge DC-DC converter. It discusses how dual active bridge converters use two full-bridge circuits connected by a transformer and inductor to enable bidirectional power flow and control power transfer between two DC sources by phase shifting square wave voltages generated by each bridge. Zero-voltage switching is enabled through resonance of the inductor and snubber capacitor, improving efficiency. The dual active bridge converter is well-suited for applications requiring high power density and bidirectional power flow such as balancing energy storage systems in aircraft.
IRJET - A Zero Voltage Switching Pulse Width Modulated Multilevel Buck ConverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a new five-level zero voltage switching pulse width modulated multilevel buck converter. The proposed converter uses a multilevel topology to reduce voltage stresses on switches without adding extra voltage. It achieves zero voltage switching for all switches by utilizing active clamping and circulating reactive energy throughout the converter. Simulations in MATLAB were used to verify the performance of the proposed converter. The converter design and operating principles are explained, including modes of operation, component sizing equations, and simulation details.
Universal demand for power increases due to continuous development to fulfil all these demand. Resources
are used with optimization. A high efficiency and high power factor converters are the major parts of energy
transfer system. This paper present a general review on single stage forward and flyback converter topologies to get
better its performance. This is paper presents a kind general idea of increasing efficiency and power factor of single
stage forward and fly back converter.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
The document describes a novel high-gain, high-power DC-DC converter topology for photovoltaic applications. The proposed converter consists of three interleaved boost converters with coupled inductors as the input inductors, along with two voltage multiplier cells. It is able to achieve a voltage gain of 10 and deliver 3kW of output power at 88% efficiency. The operating principle involves eight stages where the switches and diodes operate to transfer energy between the inductors and capacitors, providing high voltage gain while reducing voltage stress on the components. Simulation results validate the design concept and its advantages over existing solutions.
Switched Inductor based Quadratic Following Boost ConverterIRJET Journal
This document describes a switched inductor based quadratic following boost converter for applications requiring high voltage gain such as renewable energy. The converter consists of two switches, five diodes, three inductors, and three capacitors. It operates in two modes: 1) the input voltage charges the inductors while capacitors discharge and 2) the capacitors charge while inductors discharge to charge the output capacitor and supply the load. Simulation results show the converter boosting an input of 42V to an output of 251.8V at 90% efficiency for resistive loads and 80% efficiency for resistive-inductive loads. Analysis indicates this converter provides higher voltage gain than a conventional quadratic boost converter at the same duty cycle with lower output
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
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Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Comparison of an Isolated bidirectional Dc-Dc converter with and without a Fl...IOSR Journals
This document compares an isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter with and without a flyback snubber through simulation and hardware implementation. It begins with an introduction to isolated bidirectional converters and the problem of voltage spikes caused by transformer leakage inductance. It then describes the operation and components of the converter both with and without a flyback snubber. Simulation results show that the flyback snubber reduces voltage spikes by 78-80% by clamping the voltage. Hardware results for boost mode operation with a flyback snubber are also presented and agree with simulation.
Average current control of DC-DC Cuk Converters as Power Factor CorrectorIJERA Editor
This document discusses using a DC-DC Cuk converter with average current control to achieve power factor correction for a LED lighting load. It provides background on LED lighting and power factor correction needs. The paper models the Cuk converter and designs current and voltage control loops to regulate the output voltage while producing a sinusoidal input current with low total harmonic distortion and near unity power factor. Simulation results show the input current closely matching the input voltage waveform and low output voltage ripple, demonstrating the effectiveness of the control method.
An Asymmetrical Dc-Dc Converter with a High Voltage GainIJMER
An asymmetrical full bridge converter is proposed in the paper. The proposed converter
achieves zero voltage switching of all the power switches. Zero current switching of all the output diodes
are also achieved here. This in turn provides a highly efficienct operation. The proposed converter can
provide a high voltage gain and the voltages across the semi- conductor devices are effectively clamped.
The converter can be utilised effectively in high voltage applications as embedded systems, renewable
energy systems, fuel cells, mobility applications and uninterrupted power supply
The document describes a proposed 127-level hybrid multilevel inverter topology. Multilevel inverters are useful for medium-voltage high-power applications as they can generate stepped voltage waveforms to reduce harmonic distortion. The proposed topology uses a bypass diode technique and H-bridge configuration to produce 31 voltage levels with only 8 switches and 4 diodes, reducing components compared to other multilevel inverter topologies. The performance of the 31-level inverter is studied using MATLAB/Simulink simulation. A 1 kW hardware prototype is developed to experimentally verify the concept. The proposed topology aims to reduce switching losses and total harmonic distortion in the output waveform.
A modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology with reduced number...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a modified cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter topology that uses a multilevel DC link (MLDCL) and a single full bridge inverter to reduce the number of power electronic switching components compared to a conventional design.
2) Normally, multilevel inverters require more switches as the number of output voltage levels increases, increasing complexity. The proposed topology introduces an MLDCL using half bridge cells connected to separate DC sources to produce a staircase DC voltage, along with a single H-bridge inverter, significantly reducing the required switch count.
3) MATLAB/Simulink simulations are used to verify the performance of the proposed topology and demonstrate its ability to produce a high quality
A ZVS Interleaved Boost AC/DC Converter Using Super Capacitor Power for Hybri...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
IRJET- High Efficiency Bridge-Less Battery Charger for Light Electric Veh...IRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed high-efficiency bridge-less battery charger for light electric vehicles. The proposed charger uses MOSFET switches instead of bridge rectifier diodes to reduce conduction losses. It employs an isolated step-up AC-DC converter with a series-resonance circuit to provide zero current switching and reduce switching losses. Experimental results showed the proposed converter achieved 92.02% peak efficiency at 255 kHz with a 12V input and 50V output.
1. The document proposes a new AC-DC single-stage full-bridge PWM converter with two controllers to regulate the output voltage and DC bus capacitor voltage.
2. Previous single-stage converters have drawbacks like unregulated DC bus voltage and inability to actively control input power factor.
3. The proposed converter combines advantages of single-stage and two-stage converters by using two controllers to regulate the output voltage and DC bus voltage independently, allowing for continuous input current and power factor correction.
This project studied and designed a buck converter, which is a DC-DC converter that steps down voltage. The researchers first conducted a detailed study of buck converters and switched mode power supplies. They then wrote a MATLAB code and converted it to Verilog code for hardware implementation using Simulink HDL Coder. A buck converter uses pulse-width modulation and a power MOSFET switch to efficiently step down voltage with minimal power loss, making it preferable to a linear regulator for applications requiring efficiency and small size.
IRJET - Design and Analysis of a SEPIC Integrated Boost (SIB) Converter using...IRJET Journal
- The document presents the design of a SEPIC integrated Boost (SIB) converter using a coupled inductor. The proposed converter has advantages like lower voltage stress on switches, non-inverting output voltage, high efficiency, and high voltage gain.
- The proposed converter consists of two switches, three inductors (including a coupled inductor), two diodes, and three capacitors. It can be easily controlled in continuous conduction mode by giving the two switches the same gate pulses.
- Simulation results show that the proposed converter achieves a high output voltage gain and verifies its performance for both open-loop and closed-loop topologies.
This document summarizes a presentation about direct AC-DC electronic converter topologies for electromagnetic microgenerators. In 3 sentences:
Conventionally, power converters have two stages including rectifiers and DC-DC converters, but this is inefficient for microgenerators with low input voltages. The presentation proposes a single-stage direct AC-DC converter using MOSFETs for bidirectional conduction to efficiently convert the AC output of electromagnetic microgenerators into a suitable DC level. It describes a split-capacitor boost converter topology for direct AC-DC conversion that enables constant power extraction from the source using a constant duty cycle for simple control.
1. Sivaprasad.A, K.Deepa, K.Mathew / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.994-999
Half bridge Converter for Battery Charging Application
Sivaprasad.A*, K.Deepa**,K.Mathew***
*PG Student, ** Assistant Professor - Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Amrita Vishwa
Vidyapeetham University, Amrita School Of Engineering Bangalore, Karnataka
*** Assistant Professor - Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering , MA College Of
Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala)
ABSTRACT Single stage half bridge converter is
proposed for dc voltage regulation and power factor
Integral part of modern day electric
correction. The performance of the converter is
vehicle is power electronic circuits comprising of
depends upon inductor operation mode, that is it
AC-DC converters and DC-DC converters. This
depends on whether the inductor is operating on
project presents a charging circuit for batteries
discontinuous conduction mode or continuous
used in electric vehicle. The portion of DC-DC
conduction mode. If the proposed converter is
converters mainly handle the purpose of battery
operating in discontinuous conduction mode it not
charging. The DC-DC converters include both
only has high power factor but also avoids, use of
isolated and non isolated ones. This project
bulk capacitor from high voltage stress at light
proposes isolated DC-DC converter for battery
loads[1]. So compared to two stage half bridge
charging application with the concept of constant
converter, single stage converter has the advantage
current charging. Here the current control
of having one controller instead of two separate
strategy is mainly used for regulated current
controllers as in two stage converter. Thus it has the
supply. In this paper a proto type of battery
advantages like reduced cost and less complexity
charger with half bridge converter is simulated
in using matlab software and also the closed loop [2].
hardware implementation of proto type is
The concept of power converter which is bi
described. directional in nature for low power application is
Keywords - Battery charger, DC-DC converter, proposed. The proposed topology consists of half
Half bridge converter bridge converter on the primary side and push-pull
on the secondary side of high frequency isolation
I. INTRODUCTION transformer. Thus achieving bi directional power
Recently the advancement in vehicular flow using the same power components provides a
technology is indicated by the replacement of simple, efficient and isolated power converter
hydraulic, mechanical, or pneumatic systems by topology, which can be used for many application
electrical systems, power electronic circuits, which especially battery charging purpose [3]. The hybrid
have a high importance in these days. combination of flyback and forward converter for
single stage single switch isolated converter is
The major part of an electric vehicle is its proposed for buck mode of operation which can be
batteries. So the charging circuit for batteries is an operated at high input power factor with regulated
integral part in the development of an electric dc voltage. This converter has both frequency and
vehicle. So the proper development of an efficient duty cycle control and it has the advantage of
battery charging circuit is highly important in the reduced voltage stress. But the main problem related
manufacturing of an electric vehicle. with this topology is it can be used only for low
input voltage application, for example 28V, 48Vetc
Many papers in the area of power [4].
electronics and drives proposes the use of different
type of DC-DC converters especially isolated The use of switch mode power supplies is widely
converters. The selection of these converters is increased in the modern industry in order to provide
strictly based on the area of application and power stable regulated output voltages. The conventional
levels. Any way almost all power electronics papers hard switching SMPS has large switching losses in
encourages the use of isolated DC-DC converters the power switches such that total circuit efficiency
because of safety considerations. Among these is low. To achieve high efficiency circuit
converters half bridge converter has significant role configuration, soft switching methods like zero
in power electronics and drives application. The voltage switching and zero current switching can be
converter can be proposed in different ways employed. Half bridge converter with ZVS
according to the area of application. operation was proposed to reduce the switching
losses and the circuit cost compared with full bridge
converter in medium and high power applications.
994 | P a g e
2. Sivaprasad.A, K.Deepa, K.Mathew / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.994-999
Then asymmetrical pulse width modulation is half bridge converter can be used for many other
employed in the converter for output voltage applications like UPS etc due to the reduced
regulation and to improve the duty cycle utilization complexity of the converter.
[5].
There have been attempts to reduce the voltage
stress across the switches of DC-DC converter for
safety considerations and better performance. So the
isolated DC-DC converter is proposed. There are
various types of isolated DC-DC converters, among
them proper converter is selected based on the
voltage level and power. Several power converter
topologies are proposed in high power applications
like fuel cells, solar cells etc. These converters have
the advantages like high voltage conversion ratio,
high power capability, isolation between input side
and output, avoids flux imbalance. But these
converter topologies have the problem of Fig.1. Circuit diagram of proposed half bridge
transformer leakage inductance in output capacitors converter.
which leads to high voltage stresses and switching
losses etc. So it is better to use snubber circuit to 2.1 MODES OF OPERATION
avoid these problem [6], so the concept of half The operation of half bridge converter can
bridge converter with PWM control is employed in br explained in two modes according to the
order to get regulated output voltage for battery switching ON of two switches T1 and T2.
charging applications.
2.1.1 MODE 1
Mode 1 starts when switch T1 is ON. This
II. DC-DC CONVERTERS occurs during first DTs period. The input source
1. ISOLATED CONVERTERS voltage Vin is connected to one end of the primary
An isolated DC-DC converter will have a winding through switch T1. The other end is at
high frequency transformer providing that barrier. Vin/2. The voltage across the primary is Vin/2 with
This barrier can withstand anything from a few the dot end being positive with respect to the non
hundred volts to several thousand volts which is dot end. The diode D1 is ON and D2 is OFF. The
suitable for wide range of applications. One of the energy is supplied to charge up the inductor through
main features of isolated converter is, the output can the diode D1.
be configured either positive or negative. Since it 2.1.2 MODE 2
consists of a transformer it can produce an output of This mode starts when the switch T2 is
higher or lower voltage than the input by adjusting ON. This occurs during the second DTs period. T1
the turns ratio. For some topologies multiple and T2 will be ON during alternate DTs periods
windings can be placed on the transformer to with D and Ts being defined with respect to the
produce multiple output voltages. Here half bridge inductor current ripple. During this time, T2 is ON
converter is proposed for the purpose of battery and the voltage across the primary winding is
charger. Vin/2., but the dot end is negative with respect to
the non dot end. This will facilitate the core flux to
2. HALF BRIDGE CONVERTER swing in the negative direction. In secondary, D2 is
Half bridge converter topology is an ON and D1 is reverse biased. The inductor energy is
isolated dc-dc converter which is widely used in flow through diode D2. When both T1 and T2 are
power electronics and drives application. This OFF, the inductor current freewheels through both
topology can be used for an output power capability D1 and D2. The current flowing in the center tapped
up to 500W. One of the main features of half bridge secondary are in directions that will cancel the flux
converter is, it reduces the OFF-stage voltage in the core due to each other. This will leads to the
requirement of the primary side switches to Vi apart voltage across all the transformer being zero.
from maintaining the bi-directional flux swing in the
core. Thus the voltage stress and cost of the power III. PWM PULSE GENERATION
switches is significantly reduced as compared to the
1. PWM CONTROLLER IC
push-pull topology. The secondary side of the half
bridge converter is exactly same as the push-pull One of the important process in the hard
converter. In addition to battery charging application ware development of a DC-DC converter is pulse
995 | P a g e
3. Sivaprasad.A, K.Deepa, K.Mathew / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.994-999
generation either by using analog method or digital
method. In analog PWM pulse generation method
analog IC’s are mainly used for the development of
PWM pulses. Here it is better to know the concept
of PWM generation by both analog and digital
method. One of the main advantages of PWM
controller is, we can control the pulse width of the
switches so that we can regulate output voltage and
current. This is the main reason for the large scale
advancement in the area of PWM generators (both
analog and digital generators). Because compared to
fixed pulse generation topologies variable pulse
generation topologies have its own advantage.
One well known PWM controller IC is Fig.2. Orcad capture schematic of TL 494.
introduced for the generation of gate pulses, that IC
is TL 494. The TL494 is a fixed frequency, pulse 2. DRIVER CIRCUIT
width modulation control circuit designed primarily The circuit which generates the duty-ratio
for switch mode power supply control. The TL494 or frequency signals to control the switches of a
consists of 5V reference voltage circuit, two error converter do not have the capability to drive the
amplifiers, flip flop, an output control circuit, a switches directly. Therefore, a driver stage is added
PWM comparator, a dead time comparator and an after the duty-ratio/frequency stage. The driver stage
oscillator. This device can be operated in the is capable of supplying the voltages and currents
switching frequency of 1 KHz to 300 KHz. needed to switch the devices of the converter. The
driver circuit can also be designed to provide the
The TL494 is a fixed-frequency pulse-width- isolation required between the high- and low-
modulation (PWM) control circuit. Modulation of voltage sides of the converter.
output pulses is accomplished by comparing the In this paper IC TLP250 which has an inbuilt
sawtooth waveform created by the internal oscillator opto-coupler is used for driving.The TOSHIBA
on the timing capacitor (CT) to either of two control TLP250 consists of a GaAlAs light emitting diode
signals. The output stage is enabled during the time and a integrated photodetector. This unit is 8−lead
when the sawtooth voltage is greater than the DIP package.TLP250 is suitable for gate driving
voltage control signals. As the control signal circuit of IGBT or power MOSFET. Its features are
increases, the time during which the sawtooth input Input threshold current A ceramic capacitor(0.1μF)
is greater decreases; therefore, the output pulse should be connected from pin 8 to pin 5 to stabilize
duration decreases. A pulse-steering flip-flop the operation of the high gain linear amplifier [8].
alternately directs the modulated pulse to each of the
two output transistors [7].
Design values
fs = 25 KHz
Ct = 0.01 Uf
Rt= 1/(2*fs*Ct) = 2 K =2.2 K as standard values.
Fig.3. Orcad capture schematic of TLP 250 giving
to swithes.
996 | P a g e
4. Sivaprasad.A, K.Deepa, K.Mathew / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.994-999
The typical driver IC’s that used in general Transformer primary winding turns N1=31
PWM generation methods are only intended for
driving purposes. Because it carry out only the Secondary winding turns = 23
amplifying of the gate pulses that generates from the
PWM controllers. But it is very important to provide SWG for primary = 24SWG for secondary = 22
the isolation for between the input side and output
side of the PWM generators. So we have to use any V. SIMULATION RESULTS
of the isolation methods to provide the proper
isolation. Generally we are using opto coupler IC’s
like MCT2E for such applications. Most of the
driver IC’s do not have opto isolation properties. For
example if we are using IR 2110 driver IC for the
driving circuit we have to include an opto coupler
IC like MCT2E or any other type for isolation
between input side and output side. But the main
advantage of TLP 250 IC is it can be used for both
driving and isolation purposes simultaneously.
IV. DESIGN
The design of half bridge converter mainly
includes the design of centre tapped transformer,
inductor, capacitor and power switches. Based on
these designs only we can implement the half bridge
converter in a proper manner. So among these
process transformer design is important one. The
proposed half bridge converter specification is given
below.
Input voltage Vin =180V-270V
Switching frequency fs = 25 KHz
Fig.4. Wave forms of switching pulses
Output voltage Vo = 55 V
Output current =1A
Duty ratio = 0.45 (45%)
Inductor calculation
𝑉 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇 𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑥
L 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
1.4 𝐼 𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑥
(1)
L =1mH
Capacitance calculation
𝐼 𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇
𝐶𝑜 =
𝑉 𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒
(2)
C= 450 uF
Inductor core – E 25/13/7
Transformer core- E 42/21/20
No.of inductor winding turns =80
SWG for inductor = 24 Fig.5. Wave forms of Output voltage and Load
current
997 | P a g e
5. Sivaprasad.A, K.Deepa, K.Mathew / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.994-999
VI. HARDWARE RESULTS
Fig.9. Transformer primary voltage
Fig.6. Orcad capture schematic of half bridge
converter
1. RESULTS AND WAVEFORMS
Fig.10. Upper side secondary voltage
Fig.7. Wave form of Switching pulse from TLP 250
for upper side switch.
Fig.11. Lower side secondary voltage
Fig.8. Switching pulse from TLP 250 for lower side
switch
998 | P a g e
6. Sivaprasad.A, K.Deepa, K.Mathew / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue 4, July-August 2012, pp.994-999
VII. CONCLUSION
The closed loop hard ware implementation
and matlab simulation of the proposed half bridge
converter with proposed rating is done with
respective design values, including the design of
transformer and inductor. Thus the implementation
of the battery charger by the concept of half bridge
converter with high voltage rating is finished. The
problems that faced during the implementation
process were analysed to find a proper solution for
them.
REFERENCES
[1] Sheng-Yuan Ou, Jui-Chih Li and Jian-
Kun Lu, “Small Signal Analysis and
Fig.12. Output voltage across the load Controller Design of a Half-Bridge Single-
Stage Power Converter,” PEDS 2009,
pp.284-287
[2] Sheng-Yuan Ou , Ho-Pu Hsiao and Chen-
Hung Tien, “Analysis and Design of a
Prototype Single-Stage Half-Bridge Power
Converter,”2010 5th IEEE Conference on
Industrial Electronics and Applications,
pp.1168-1173
[3] Manu Jain, M. Daniele, and Praveen K.
Jain, “A Bidirectional DC–DC Converter
Topology for Low Power
Application,”IEEE Transaction on power
electronics, vol. 15, no. 4, july 2000,
pp.595-606.
[4] Vivek Agarwal, V.P.Sundar singh, Serge
Bontemps, Denis Grafham, “A Smart
Power Converter Module for Buck
Fig.13. Load current Applications Operating at High Input
Power Factor,” IEEE Transaction on
power electronics, vol.5, no.4, 2002,
pp.1202-1207.
[5] Bor-Ren Lin, Chien-Lan Huang and Chao-
Hsien Tseng, “Analysis and Design of
Half-Bridge Converter with Two Current
Doubler Rectifiers,” ICIEA 2006,pp.1-6.
[6] M.Delshad, “A New Soft Switching
Coupled Inductor Half Bridge Current fed
Converter,” International Journal of
Electronics 2006, pp. 805 – 817.
[7] Data sheet of TL 494 – www.ti.com
[8] Data sheet of TLP 250-
www.semicon.toshiba.co.jp
Fig.14.Total hardware implementation setup of
proposed converter.
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