By D. Dhanuraj
This is an interesting study on community management of fishery resources in Pulicat Lake in India. Pulicat Lake is the second largest backwater lake in India.It lies almost parallel to the Bay of Bengal and covers an area about 461 square kilometers.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Ideally, the role of data collection is to support the monitoring of stated objectives and support for management processes. States should ensure that timely, complete, and reliable statistics on catch and fishing efforts are collected and maintained in accordance with applicable international standards and practices and in sufficient detail to allow sound statistical analysis. Such data should be updated regularly and verified through an appropriate system.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
Ideally, the role of data collection is to support the monitoring of stated objectives and support for management processes. States should ensure that timely, complete, and reliable statistics on catch and fishing efforts are collected and maintained in accordance with applicable international standards and practices and in sufficient detail to allow sound statistical analysis. Such data should be updated regularly and verified through an appropriate system.
Credit seminar Fisheries & Fish Biodiversity of West Bengal- Status, Potentia...Debiprasad1997
India is among 17 megadiverse countries that hold 11.7% of world fish diversity.
Of the total freshwater fish diversity of the country, 10-13% of total species have become endangered indicates widespread and massive degradation of aquatic fish habitats.
The State of West Bengal is gifted with 7.5% of the water resource of the country and that is becoming increasingly scarce with the uncontrolled growth of population, expansion of irrigation network, and developmental needs.
West Bengal has rich freshwater fish genetic resources constituting about 28.34% to the freshwater fish diversity of India
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
Credit seminar Fisheries & Fish Biodiversity of West Bengal- Status, Potentia...Debiprasad1997
India is among 17 megadiverse countries that hold 11.7% of world fish diversity.
Of the total freshwater fish diversity of the country, 10-13% of total species have become endangered indicates widespread and massive degradation of aquatic fish habitats.
The State of West Bengal is gifted with 7.5% of the water resource of the country and that is becoming increasingly scarce with the uncontrolled growth of population, expansion of irrigation network, and developmental needs.
West Bengal has rich freshwater fish genetic resources constituting about 28.34% to the freshwater fish diversity of India
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
This slide is about a pearl spot fish which includes about its habit, habitat ,morphology, food and feeding, breeding behaviour, hatching, larval rearing, embryonic development, nutritive values, farming practices, seed production and pond preparation...
Whether your company is B2B or B2C, when it comes to finding your brand voice, consistency is important. It’s just not the only thing that’s important. To connect with customers, your brand voice should be three things.
Генераторы газов Peak Scientific для приборов BrukerAnatoliy Arkhipov
Генератор Азота Infinity 1045 разработан специально для использования с прибором
Bruker EVOQ Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. Этот генератор вырабатывает
азот для работы приложения, а также поставляет чистый, сухой воздух на выходе.
INVENTORY CONTROL may be defined as a scientific method of finding out how much stock should be maintained in order to meet the production demands and be able to provide right type of material at right time in right quantities and at competitive prices..........
In this months issue we provide:
- An example of how social media helped one agent land a $13 million International deal;
- Provide International real estate resources available through the National Association of REALTORS® (NAR) and the Texas Association of REALTORS® (TAR); and
- A link to Passport Houston, a great resource into Houston’s thriving International community, making it one of the world’s premiere International cities
By D. Dhanuraj
The God’s own country is known for her ravishing beauty and hospitality nature. The potential in the tourism segment has been emphasized over the years. Lakes, rivers, ponds and lagoons supplement this argument along with the food habits especially fish as major menu. While the tourism flourishes, what is happening to the community associated with the fisheries along the coastal line of Kerala?
Governance for inland fishery development in water commons_SP Madan Mohan_2013India Water Portal
This presentation briefs the efforts of DHAN Tank Vayalagam Foundation's efforts in governance of Governance on water commons and inland fisheries development
Bangladesh is endowed by three principal river systems: the rivers Brahmaputra (Jamuna), Ganges (Padma), and Meghna. In the agro-based economy of Bangladesh,fisheries play an important role in nutrition, employment and foreign exchange earnings, contributing 4.37% to GDP, 2.01% to export earning, 60% to animal protein intake, in addition to providing 1.4 million people full time and 11 million part time employment. In 2012-2013 the total production of fish in Bangladesh was 3.41 million tons. About 82.73% of the fish production (2.82 million tons) comes from the inland fresh water resources and 17.27% from marine resources (0.58 million tons). Inland fisheries resources are broadly classified into inland open waters and inland closed waters which comprises the area of 3.91 million ha and 0.78 million ha contributing fish production over 1.85 million tons (54.54%) and 0.96 million tons (28.19%) respectively. Among the
4.69 million ha of inland open water resources, the major proportion consists of floodplains with an area of 2.8 million ha contributing 0.77 million tons of fish in 20012-13.
Seasonal floodplains are water bodies that retain water for 5-6 months during which they are suitable to grow fish and other aquatic animals. Recent studies have revealed that, if
25% of the 2.8 million ha can be brought under community management, calculating 50% to be accessible, then 6.7 million people would be benefited including 2.7 million
landless people. Out of 2.8 million ha of medium and deep-flooded areas, about 1.5 million ha are estimated to be suitable for community based fish culture. If 50% of accessible water of these areas is taken under aquaculture and management practices, then annual fish production will be increased 4 to 5 times over the existing production .
A Review on Fish Production Scenario of Cooch Behar District in West BengalBRNSS Publication Hub
Pisciculture is an important livelihood of the farmers of Cooch Behar district. Farmers of Cooch Behar district cultivated different type fish. Majority of the farmers cultivated fish in a small pond. The study was conducted in Cooch Behar district to know the fish production scenario and the role of different organization on livelihood improvement of fish farmer. The study was conducted during January 2017–April 2017. The study was conducted with the help of secondary source of information. It was found from the study that different government organization like State Department, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, and NGO actively work on pisciculture in Cooch Behar. Farmers were used different type indigenous technology. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis was shown for guiding the policymaker, scientist, and different government and non-government organization for implementation any pisciculture project or program.
For implementing the Integrated water resources management in Myanmar, the native fish population is also important. If they get the sustainable fisheries for the livelihood, they will well-being, good ecosystem and can implement the IWRM in Myanmar. So, Pyapon river is included as a part of one.
By D. Dhanuraj
This study is on the initiative of the Pazhakulam Service Society (PASS) for the conservation of natural springs in order to use it as a source of safe drinking water. PASS situated at Pazhakulam near to Adoor, Kerala is active in various social activities. It has build up to 1500 schemes across Kerala and has widened the coverage of the accessibility of safe drinking water to rural people and brought the various actors in a provider group to a collective organ in the course of time.
ICAFIS - Presentation fisheries co management in viet nam Lap Dinh
ICAFIS Sharing experience on Fisheries co-management in Viet Nam for more information please access to http://icafis.vn/ or contact with Mr Lap, Dinh Xuan - lap.dinhxuan@icafis.vn
Hey everyone this article here is my research work which I did during my first year of university, which captures the work and impact of trawl fishing in mahanadi and its estuaries. hope you like it :)
As part of the Lake Mainit Environmental Symposium, the Lake Mainit and its watershed presentation was presented to high school students and faculties.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Supporting Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in Engare...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/in-action/incentives-for-ecosystem-services/en/
Presentation of the management of the Engaresero Maasai Pastoralist Heritage Area, Tanzania.
Similar to Conservation of Fishery Resources in Pulicat Lake (20)
CPPR in collaboration with the U.S. Consulate General in Chennai, organised a two-day international conference on ‘Indo-U.S. Relations: Change, Continuity and Transformation’ in Kochi on April 19-20, 2022, with a view to advancing the conversations in Indo-U.S. foreign policy cooperation. This is a publication of five research articles from the conference proceedings in five chapters.
The Centre for Public Policy Research (CPPR), Kochi, India and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia decided to come together to pool their academic and policy research capacities to build a robust research agenda on the Indo-Pacific. In March 2022, CPPR and Monash University hosted ‘Dialogue on Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI): Strengthening International Cooperation’ in a hybrid (physical-digital) format. Scholars from ASEAN, Australia, India and Japan were invited to discuss the various pillars of the IPOI and accelerated long-term growth in the Indo-Pacific region. The Dialogue was supported by the Department of Foreign Trade (DFAT), Government of Australia.
എന്തുകൊണ്ട് സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യം (Why Liberty) is the Malayalam translation of the book “Why Liberty” which was edited by Dr Tom G Palmer. The ideas presented in this book are about an alternative view of politics: a politics, not of force, but of persuasion, of live-and-let-live, of rejecting both subjugation and domination. Being a libertarian means not only refraining from harming the rights of other people, but also equipping yourself mentally to understand what it means for people to have rights, how rights create the foundation for peaceful social cooperation, and how voluntary societies work. This book is an invitation to think about important problems in new ways.
The book ‘India and Australia: Strengthening International Cooperation Through The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative’ is a compilation of research papers written by scholars from India, ASEAN countries, and Australia on strengthening international cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. The book is divided into three parts, based on the three key sessions of the Australia-India Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative Partnership (AIIPOIP) Conference held in Kochi, in April 2022. The three themes of discussion include maritime security, tackling the issue of marine debris and litter in the Bay of Bengal, and the importance of smart ports.
The book 'Maritime Security Complexes of the Indo-Pacific Region' seeks to provide a net assessment of regional challenges and opportunities in this study of the Indo-Pacific region’s security dynamics viewed through the ‘maritime variant’ of the Regional Security Complex Theory. This volume aims to ascertain the regional security dynamics and assess securitization as a driving force. It infers the scope of traditional, non-traditional, and transnational security issues and their regional impact
“സ്വയംനിയന്ത്രണമോ ബാഹ്യ(രാഷ്ട്ര)നിയന്ത്രണമോ നിങ്ങൾക്ക് തീരുമാനിക്കാം” an e-book published by CPPR is the Malayalam translation of “Self Control or State Control? You Decide”, edited by Tom G. Palmer
The book “Self Control or State Control? You Decide” is a conglomerate of essays by John Tierney, Lisa Conyers, Jeffrey Miron, and several more that delve into the relationship between freedom and responsibility, their philosophical and scientific underpinnings, and the practical value of self-control. It further tries to provide its readers a sense of understanding of what Self-Control is and how exactly it is connected with one’s freedom. The book is both theoretical and practical, trying to make the readers understand how if one living in a society can follow self-control with utmost dedication can curb the restrictions placed by a state (governing figure) and enjoy one’s freedom to the core.
‘Muthalalitha Vyavasthithiyude Dhaarmikatha’ an e-book published by CPPR is the first Malayalam translation of “The Morality of Capitalism: What Your Professors Won’t Tell You”, edited by Tom G. Palmer
The second in the “What Your Professors Won’t Tell You” series of essays on political economy, this collection includes thirteen essays. Authors include Nobel Prize winners Mario Vargas Llosa and Vernon Smith, Whole Foods Market CEO and founder John Mackey, and scholars from across the globe.
Kerala is one of the few states in the country considered to have taken serious efforts in transferring powers to Local Self Government (LSG) institutions for strengthening the decentralisation process. The high rate of urbanisation in the state calls for powerful LSG institutions in urban areas. More than 47 per cent of the state’s population live in urban areas. In such a scenario, institutions such as municipalities and corporations have an important role to play, as most of the urban issues can be best handled at the local level.
Even though the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 entrusts the municipalities and corporations in the state with a list of functions, the institutions are not able to execute them efficiently. The Act, while laying down the provisions, gives the State Government overriding powers over LSG institutions. The operations of para-statal agencies in the domains of work parallel to LSG institutions lead to overlapping of powers, weakening the decentralisation process in the state.
The financial position of the municipalities and corporations in the state is very weak; they are highly reliant on grants from the Central and State Governments. The own revenue has only a meagre share in the total receipts of these institutions. While there is a large scope to increase the own revenue, the provisions in the Kerala Municipality Act giving excessive power to the State Government hinder its growth.
The municipalities and corporations in Kerala are functioning in a restrictive setting. The result is that they are unable to exercise the powers that are transferred to them. The paper aims at analysing the above issues and suggests measures to strengthen the process of decentralisation in Kerala.
This study was conducted by Deepthi Mary Mathew (Research Associate, CPPR) and D Dhanuraj (Chairman, CPPR)
India’s labour reforms have seldom been more than confrontations with the ghosts from the past. Instead of being proactive by identifying the challenges ahead, labour reforms of the country have largely remained reactive in nature.
Swaathanthryathinte Saambathikashaastram
‘Swaathanthryathinte Saambathikashaastram’, an e-book published by CPPR is the first Malayalam translation of ‘The Economics of Freedom: What Your Professor won’t Tell You’. This seminal work by Frederic Bastiat, a 19th-century French political economist, employs logic and humour to explain the fallacies on which government intervention in the economy rests. This little book will be a brief introduction to ‘the most brilliant economic journalist who ever lived’.
The sheer size of the electorate in the most populous state of the country which chooses candidates over 403 constituencies makes the election in Uttar Pradesh the most closely fought and closely watched. The almost month long political battle was a triangular contest. The ruling Samajwadi Party forged an alliance with the Congress and entered in a seat sharing arrangement. While the BJP hopes to sustain the Modi wave which helped them win 71 out of the 80 Lok Sabha seats in 2014 elections, Mayawati would be hoping to get her caste- community arithmetic right, which had helped her seize power in 2007.
Here, an attempt by Ms Anupama Ghosh to understand the emerging trends in UP elections by compiling and analyzing the past data from the elections in 2007, 2012 and 2014.
This ppt is a analysis of the Punjab Assembly Election 2017 based on the outcome of previous Assembly elections of 2007 and 2012.
This study is done by Centre for Public Policy Research , Compiled by Anupama Gosh and the Graphics by Spandan Ghose Chowdhury.
When evaluating mass transit options for Indian cities, metro rail systems are given preference over surface systems due to the belief that road-based bus systems cannot cater to the capacity requirement as much as metro systems can. In addition, metro rails are perceived to have higher levels of comfort, speed, and efficiency than bus systems.
The primary objective of this paper is to study gold and consumer behavior. The respondents were consumers from various selected gold jewellery outlets in Cochin and Delhi. During the course of this study, the researcher tries to find the various incentives that encourage people to invest in general, and also the level of awareness and the general attitude of consumers towards gold as an investment. It also studies the consumer behavior of how people choose to buy gold, when they do and the various reasons for it. From the study it is found out that the demand for gold as an investment is gaining momentum among consumers, especially in Cochin and Delhi. The study also makes it clear that gold is price sensitive at low prices but it is insensitive to price increase, especially in Kerala. This finding has a lot of implications when Authorities formulate policies to curb consumption of gold.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
2. Centre for Public Policy Research 2
Paadu System – Pulicat Lake
Fishery management is nothing but sustaining the fishery resources towards the
betterment of the fisheries community by all means for a longer period. Fishing
operation without any rule established may result in the depletion of the resources as
well as the conflict of interests. Fishery is a traditional work and thousands thrive on it
for their livelihood. As in many other cases, fishery sector has also been neglected over
the years. The situation is worsened with the introduction of many rules and regulations
which are alien to the community, over riding the set norms and conditions practiced by
the community from time immemorial. With the advancement of technology, the nets
and gears have taken new shapes and dimensions which are also to be incorporated
into while framing the rules and specifications for the sector. Mechanisation of the
sector has resulted in fragmentation in the fishery community. Most of the times the
rules which were set by factors outside the community were responsible for this division.
Rather than looking at the fishery sector as a community management system of
schemes, the rights were left to the people outside the community.
With the introduction of the mechanized boats, the fishery sector was open to the
general pubic as well. Even though it increased the competition and helped the State to
earn the export values, the traditional community was deprived of enjoying the fruits of
this development. There has been no marked improvement in their lives. They were
not in a position to compete with the new entrants in the field. They started loosing
their fishery rights as many of them were illegitimate in the eyes of the Government.
Traditional fishermen have expertise in the area of fishing which no other formal
education can substitute with. In fact, it is the only profession in which they are skilled
and have immense knowledge. They go to the sea side and work incessantly. The
catch is based on season, tides, temperature and of course the location. Once they
return to the landing centre, the women in the family engage in the processing, drying,
icing and selling. Thus the whole family depends on the fishery resources for their
livelihood. One cannot be unmindful of the fact that there requires the competition and
investment in this sector to raise the standards of the sector but that cannot be done at
the expense of the community. It may have catastrophic effects then. The property
rights are to be redefined in terms of community and at the same time provisions should
help free market competition.
One of the interesting studies on community management of fishery resources can be
seen in Pulicat Lake in India. Pulicat Lake is the second largest backwater lake in India.
It lies almost parallel to the Bay of Bengal. It covers an area about 461 Square
Kilometres. Two third of the lake is in Tamil Nadu while the rest is in Andhra Pradesh.
The lake extends to about 59 kilometres in north to south direction with a maximum
width of 17 Kilometres in east to west direction in the northern sector of the lake. The
Pulicat lagoon is fed by three rivers – Swarnamukhi, Kalangi and Araniar- and as many
other canals and water outlets that drain into the lake1
. The mouth of the lake is a
1
Felix Sugarthiraj, 2001
3. Centre for Public Policy Research 3
narrow channel of 200 metres, with an average depth of one metre. The lake at the
southern end, near to the north of Pulicat town opens to the Bay of Bengal by narrow
pass into the sea.
The community management of the resources is theoretically supported by the collective
action methods. The excludability and subtractabilty equations are subjected to the
community initiatives like setting up unique regulations and common property rights2
.
The sharing of the common property within the confines of the local management
weighs against the odds arising in the changing situations over the times. The
questions regarding the access to the common property, self – regulation, control and
sharing of the resources are self pointers in this scheme of things.
In Puilcat, the fishermen of the area practice ‘Paadu’ system of fishing. The word Paadu
means “site” or “location”3
. The locals say they practice Paadu from time immemorial.
At the outset, Paadu system can be defined as a mechanism to cater to the
requirements of the fishermen community according to the changing times with an
equitable access, providing collective social responsibility through conflict resolution and
rule making. The detailed account of the fishery system in Pulicat is narrated in the
following paragraphs.
There are fifty two villages around the Pulicat lagoon4
. Most of them are fishing villages.
Almost all the marine fishing villages are located on the seaward side of the east of the
lake. Marine villages are mostly concentrated in Light House Island, a sand bar starting
at the end of Sri Harikotta Island and running south to Kattupalli Island near Ennore.
The traditional fishermen of this area are called ‘Pattinaavar’. The term pattinaavar
refers to the traditional leader, whose family may have found the village. Historically,
the pattinaavar have been responsible for the protection of the mouth of the lake, which
is crucial for the passage of fish between the lake and the sea5
. There are Harijan, Irula
settlements also who have moved into the lake fishery from the agriculture sector. The
Pulicat Lake is connected to the Bay of Bengal through a river mouth. This area has a
population of 52, 000. Pulicat Lake supports many rare and vulnerable species and
20,000 birds annually6
. Since ancient times, this lake has been a major fishing centre
for shrimp, crab, mullets, cat fish, threadfins and a variety of other finfish as well as for
calm shells etc. This entire fishing activity is managed by the local fishermen through
the Paadu system.
In addition to earlier definitions Paadu means ‘Rotation’ also. Pattinaavars living near to
the lake side are full time fishermen. Paadu system may be defined as a traditional
system of granting entitlements to eligible members of a particular community for
2
P J Sajeeva Raj, 1994
3
K.Lobe, F.Berkes, 2004
4
P.J Sanjeevraj, 1994
5
Felix Sugathiraj, 2001
6
Sarah 2005
4. Centre for Public Policy Research 4
undertaking specified fishing activities in certain designated fishing grounds of the
lagoon7
. The fishermen of this area practise paadu system which controls, regulates
and restricts the access to the lake side fishery.
Pattinaavars live in twenty four villages. Out of these, those four villages towards the
southern part of the Pulicat lagoon practice Paadu system in a more advanced and
convincing style. They are Kottai Kuppam, Nadavur Matha Kuppam and Andi Kuppam8
.
Other villages also have their own systems. Each one is unique in its own way and the
way it is practiced. Even the Dalit village in the northern region has also got a unique
method of fishery management. They moved to this location about seventy years ago.
Over the years they also developed their own paadu system. This means this practice
can even be adopted as well. This paper follows the paadu system of the above
mentioned villages.
Before getting into paadu system, we should also understand how the community
functions. There is a local panchaayat which is no more powerful than the community
grouping. The community gatherings have more say in the day to day affairs of the
locality. People choose a community leader who commands respect and honour from
the villagers. It is a consensual decision arrived at in the annual meetings where the
Paadu allocation for the following year is finalized. This is a good example for the
effectiveness of the participatory democracy concerned. The accessory rights to the
resources which belong equally to the community members are mandated by talakettu
system. A married male member in a family is conferred the community rights by the
community panchaayat through this system. By conferring talakettu, the recipient also
have the responsibility to share the common expenditure of the community towards
temple festivals, litigation etc. Each one in the community takes it as a proud moment
to be a part of this system. So it is talakettu which confers the institutional frame work
to the Paadu system.
In Paadu system as mentioned earlier, it is only the married fishermen allowed to
participate. It is like contract for a year agreed in the village meeting which take place
in the month of December. Mostly, the new arrangements will be applicable from
December to November. Since each year the meetings are convened, required changes
with the increase in the fishermen number and the changes in the catch areas are taken
into consideration while taking the decision for the following year. The lake is divided
into a number of fishing grounds. Groups are formed and allowed to fish these grounds.
The formation of the groups is voluntary. Earlier any two in the village could form the
group. Since the number of fishermen increased, variation in the number of persons in
a group varies in these three kuppams. Then each group is assigned a number and
lottery system is followed. The day on which the lots are drawn is called the paadu
kulukkal day9
. They will get to know which paadu to start with the season.
7
Sebastian Mathew, 1992
8
Kuppam is a tamil dialectic means fishing village.
9
Sebastian Mathew, 1992.
5. Centre for Public Policy Research 5
At present the Paadu system is practised in the lake side only. The gears used here are
mostly traditional ones. Paadu grounds are fished by using stake nets and drag nets.
They are locally known as suthu valai and badi valai. Suthu valai is used for catching
prawns and badi valai for catching fishes. Kallu and Oi valai are two other nets used in
this area. Padi valai is used to catch mullets. Among these, Bodi valai requires about
hundred labourers. The use of different nets varies across different Paadu grounds
depending on the resources. The three villages rotate the access to the fishing sites on
a daily basis within a monthly cycle of assigned days. Here, even though the three
villages operate independently, they are linked at the level of coordination. It helps to
solve the conflict which is thus a smooth implementation of the system.
At the start of the season, each group go to the respective fishing areas they are
assigned with. There is no specific time for fishing. Each group is given twenty four
hours. Among three villages, Naduvur matha kuppam has got more fishermen
population. So the groups are designed in such a way that they consist of more
numbers from the kuppam. Each group has the members from the same kuppam only.
The most resourceful grounds are towards the south of the lake which is near the bar
mouth which separates the sea from the lake side. Of which, the western side is land,
while the south, north and east are divided into fishing grounds. Vadakku Paadu is to
the west of the bar mouth in a north south axis. Munthurai paadu is confluent with the
sea and occupies the area near to eastern boundary. Both Vadakku paadu and
Munthurai paadu are five kilometres in length. Odai Paadu is south of Munthurai Paadu.
Each of these Paadu is again divided into sub systems. Each of these small fishing
grounds is allotted specific number of vessels. It is this allocation which helps to decide
the number of fishermen in the lake. In Naduvur Matha Kuppam, each group consists of
four members while in Kottai Kuppam, there are three members as in the case of Andi
Kuppam. Earlier, when the number was so small, the system was very simple to
understand. Each village has a field day which rotates. Each group go to the fishing
ground that day. Mostly, each fishing ground accommodates three groups at a time.
Sometimes it differs if the Paadu offers more area size and catch. But these will not
differ in the midst of a year. These are fixed at the start of the season. Thus, each
Paadu has one group from each village at a time. Each group may consist of three or
four members at a time as mentioned earlier.
Earlier, the group used to move to the next fishing ground on the next day so that the
last group will come to the first ground. The cyclic rotation gave equal opportunities to
all groups of all the villages. Now, with the increase in the number, the whole fishing
grounds are divided into two sets. There is such kind of separation in all three major
fish grounds. So on a day, say on side A, one set of group will fish and the next rotating
day they interchange the area of operation. Those groups in area A will go to B while B
will come to side A. As the fishing grounds belong to different directions, for
convenience, each paadu are divided into small fishing grounds. This is a recent
adoption of the system. Among three kuppams, Naduvur Matha Kuppam has a fishing
population of about 640. Over the years, they have divided into four groups among
themselves. Each group has got a separate council and a leader. So now the system
6. Centre for Public Policy Research 6
follows in a way that the four groups rotate among themselves under Paadu system. It
means a group get the chance to go to Paadu only once in twelve days.
There are fifty six allowed fishing units (fishing grounds) operating on a day. Naduvur
matha kuppam sends one of its four groups to the Paadu on its assigned day. This is an
arrangement within the village with the agreement with the other villages. From other
villages, the entire community in a group is allowed to operate on the respective day.
These groups will go to the other two fishing grounds on the next two days on rotation.
On the fourth day, another group from Naduvur Matha kuppam, who were on the land
on the last three days, will go for fishing. The lottery system ensures equitable
distribution of resources. Each fishing ground is supplied with one group from each
village. Thus a number of fishermen are engaged in fishing at a time. The local
fishermen know the availability of the resources than any one. So it is necessary that
every time they go for fishing they should get all available resources. In fact, looking at
the fishing ground sometimes, they opt out from fishing. In the mean time, these
fishermen can allow the members outside the group to go for fishing. In these cases,
the group can trade the fishing right with members of the community. It takes place
through various means. Most of the times, they follow the talakettu system. When the
next turn comes, the privilege is restored to the original group. If the bachelors
substitute any one in the group, he is eligible for only half of the catch and the rest is
given to the group.
The interesting aspect of paadu system is that even though there is a fool proof
mechanism ensuring the equitable access to the fishery resources, they do not believe in
equitable distribution of the returns from the fishery among the village members.
According to them, it will lead to collapse of the system. When lots are drawn in the
village meeting, the names are entered in the registry kept with village leader. For the
year following, the right of the group to fish in paadu is inalienable and cannot be sold.
Everyday, the fishery activity starts in the afternoon. Usually, the fishermen go to the
lake side by around 2.30 pm in the afternoon and start arranging the gears. It may take
a couple of hours up to 6.30 pm in the evening. Then they take rest for some time and
then come back for catch. The focus is always on prawn catch since its demand is very
high in the market. On a full moon day, the catch of prawns is very high. So the
fishermen using the Suthu valai start their operations by 6 pm on a full moon day.
These days, high tide in the lake accentuates the movement of prawns. Three days
prior and after the full moon days are good for prawn catching. On the next day the
operations will start forty five minutes late, that is, at 6.45 pm. Every following day, the
time will be advanced by forty five minutes. It is continued for three days.
The paadu system has its own characteristic features. The fishermen involved in the
paadu system are traditional ones. Even with the change in the fishery techniques, the
system follows the traditional methods. The marine fishermen in the Pulicat area have
abandoned their traditional catamarans and launched the mechanised fishing crafts. But
7. Centre for Public Policy Research 7
the lagoon fishermen still use the traditional crafts. The only changes we can see in
them are that a few of them are engine powered. Even now, there are many crafts
which sail using wind direction and another set of catamarans. It is very important to
note that their daily income is between Rs 100 to Rs 200 only. Even in these stringent
conditions no body dares to replace the old and traditional methods with modern means.
The trading in Pulicat area is mostly done by the female counterparts in the community.
There are hardly any middlemen on the site. The other works like cleaning, drying and
preserving the fish are also handled by the fisherwomen. So, it turns out to be the work
of an entire community throughout the system.
The suthu valai is owned by every individual while badi valai is owned by a few or by the
community. With the decline in the prawn catch, the suthu valai in number wise has
come down. The catch is more near to full moon days. These are the days when the
movement of prawns from and to sea are very high. These days, the fishermen do not
exercise their access rights to Munthurai paadu because of its low productivity. It has
also an impact on suthu valai system. The turn of Badi valai is also restricted. Each
community has got a turn to use Badi valai. In suthu valai, the total income from the
catch is divided among the group members. In the case of badi valai, the owner and
boat have a stake. The incurred expenditure is subtracted in addition to the above.
Some times, each labourer in the boat gets a fixed amount (currently, Rs 150) or the
other way around of dividing the amount equally.
Differences in Paadu rights between different fishing gears
Suthu Valai Badi valai
Only eligible fisher men can participate Anybody can participate
Group specific rights Owner specific rights
Site –specific with respect to the number
of locations in each paadu
Site specific only with respect to the larger
paadu
Species specific Species non – specific
Operational time : 12 Hrs Operational time over 24 Hrs
Frequency of operation according to the
system of rotation of rights
Frequency of operation depending on the
number of eligible fishermen in the family
of ownership
Ensures equitable access to all the eligible
fishermen
Ensures equitable access to all the owners
of gear
Source: Traditional system of fisheries management in Pulicat Lake, 1991
There is no processing plant or any other value added industry near by. Over the years,
with the increase in competition with the marine fishermen, the lagoon fishermen have
8. Centre for Public Policy Research 8
been forced into poverty. This is largely because of the lack of infrastructure and
facilities required for a competitive market. Even though the paadu system is well
organised and self regulatory, the system does not support the sales of the fish. This in
mean time has given the opportunity for the money lenders to sneak into the system.
Thalavu means the community restriction on catch. This has been decided by the
village as a whole. Other than the lean periods, thalavu is applicable during festival
time, death in the village and so on. No one goes for fishing on that day. There is no
tension or conflict on these days as it is seen in other fishing harbours. The conflict
between the groups or between villages is always resolved in meetings. The paadu
sytem is a community managed and cast based system. The new entrants in the
neighbouring villages have also started fishing in recent times. But all these through
accords reached by the traditional fishermen. They keep an agreement on sharing of
resources. They keep the records with the village communities and some times in near
by Police Station in Ponneri also. There are instances that the deal has been produced
in the presence of village officer and Police officials when the conflict was aroused
between different communities. Even though there is no legal binding on the Paadu
system from the Government side, the officials have always respected the traditional
rights of the fishermen.
In the recent times, the industrial developments along the Tamil Nadu coast have
largely affected the fishery resources. Fishermen complain about the effluents
discharged by these industries. In Pulicat area, in the last one decade, the effluents
discharged by Chennai Thermal Power Corporation significantly affected the fishery
wealth. The fishermen had a number of representations to the Government and to
State Pollution Control board as they fear the disaster is offing. Another significant
change over was the establishment of Sri Harikotta rocket launching station near by.
Those who were evacuated from the project site were given housing facilities in and
around Pulicat Lake. This has also resulted in the conflict between the existing
community and the new comers. Over the time, they have been also accommodated by
the system.
There is criticism on the paadu system as well. The basic point here is that it subverts
the open accessibility option for the fishermen in the area. The crisis is accentuated
with the increased ecological and environmental changes occurred in this area. The
Geological History dates back to 6650 to 5000 years. As years passed, there is an
overall change in the topology of this area. Many accuse Paadu system as the reason
for the conflict. Many times, the interpersonal conflicts have developed into intra
village, inter village and some times even to inter state conflicts. The peace
communities are formed and peace accord is signed between the stake holders. An
investigation to these untoward incidents revealed that there is a growing pressure on
the fishery resources in the Lake. Some of the fishermen call it as erratic system
leading to the chaos often. With the dying of many paadus in the recent times, the
system has undergone many convolutions. There is no restriction on the frequency of
9. Centre for Public Policy Research 9
net fixing here under the system. To cope with the pressure, the paadu system has
taken two important steps to accommodate the interests10
.
• Further subdivision of the fishing grounds into smaller paadus
• Expansion of the crew – size per boat from two to more
Even though these changes have been practised since then, critic argue, it may lead to
an explosive situation at anytime. But looking at the fabric of the society, this is an
argument difficult to buy. The evicted fishermen from Sri Harikotta system who settled
in the south – eastern side of the lagoon had a series of problems with the locals. Their
contention was that the Government had promised them fishing rights in the lagoon
system. Finally, the Paadu fishermen had to compromise on this regard by allowing
them also fishing rights in the lake side. Whatever be the settlement, these kinds of
accommodation practises have direct impact on the fishery system leading to the
conflicts.
The critics also point out that there cannot be a monopoly over lake by these three
villages. There are more than twenty villages around the lagoon but they are restrained
from taking part in the main Paadu system. There are only nine villages out of twenty
nine of Tamil Nadu state who participate in the system. Critics warn that the Pulicat
Lake will vanish if things are going in this way. To support their arguments, the
environmental activists say that one third of the lake in the northern side of the lake in
Andhra Pradesh is already dead. This phenomenon, due to the tectonic shift since 1803,
reduced area of the lake to 325 square kilometres, they argue. Even they agree that
Paadu system was good in certain respects. This system allowed opening of bar mouth
once in a year which helped the inflow of water from sea to the lake. But in the last five
years, the bar mouth is accumulated with more sludge and prevented the flow of water.
Lake has turned to be a pond which is not good in eco sense as well as the fishery
resources are concerned.
The solution the fishermen in Pulicat area suggest is interesting. The fishery rights in
the lake should be restored to the original fishermen community. When the Harijans
and tribals venture into the lake side, they are reminded of their caste occupation.
Identifying the actual fishermen is the key to solve the conflict. At the same time, the
paadu system should ban the use of Badi valai. The use is accelerated by the decline in
catch due to the lack of fresh water flow. The steps have to be taken in order to
increase the width and depth of the bar mouth. The Government assistance may be
required in this context. The legality over the Paadu system depends on the officials in
the near by fishery department in Ponneri. There is a conflict in the fishery department
on Paadu system. While studying the Paadu system in the Pulicat area, it was reliably
learnt that there is no catch statistics on Pulicat area with Fishery department. Only
recently, they started contemplating on this issue. Paadu system in Pulicat is an apt
example for the identification of ownership and management rules. The ownership is
10
Sebastian Mathew, 1992
10. Centre for Public Policy Research 10
vested with the fishermen of that area but the management ends up with the sale of the
fishery resources. The area has still the remnants of a great past. The Dutch cemetery
and buildings of more than a century old catch the imagination of anyone awestruck.
One can understand how busy this area would have been at one point of time. But
today, Pulicat is a very much neglected area at least when fisheries is concerned.
Probably, most of the issues related with the management of the lake could have been
easily resolved if there was a proper marketing and processing facility assured. At least
the younger generation of the lot might have received the benefit out of that by getting
good education and switching over to more competitive careers.
The study reveals the importance of the fishery resources and the intricacies involved in
the system. Whatever the critics say, it has been felt that such a value inculcated
system associated with the fishery area is more important than the success rate
measured in quantity wise. There can be improvements in the existing system as well.
The improvements can be done only through the cleaning up of the lake. Otherwise,
the threat looming over the lake is beyond imagination. Some fear that Pulicat Lake will
also die as Swarnamukhi, the river system which existed in the northern part of the
Pulicat. There is another suggestion also regarding the participation of the fishery
community in the Paadu system. Some of the reformers argue that only those above
thirty five years of age should be allowed to fish in the Pulicat Lake under Paadu system.
The youngsters shall be given other options like venturing into other areas of livelihood
means. But this is in contrary to the criticism they raise regarding the involvement of
youth in the Paadu system. Some of them argue that the vigour and energy of the
youth are wasted under the paadu system because of the limited opportunities. During
summer season, the fishery resources in the lake side decline and the fishermen go for
marine fishing thus alleviating the pressure on the fishery resources in the lake side.
During the study, the questions were asked whether a similar Paadu system can be
practised in the sea side also. All of them replied in negative. For most of them, the
sea is an open resource and cannot be divided into Paadus as in the lake side. Also,
there cannot be any restriction and regulation as far as the marine fishery resources is
concerned. But learning from the experience of paadu system in Pulicat Lake, it has
been felt that by taking into account the advantages and disadvantages, paadu system
can be redrawn for the sea side also.
11. Centre for Public Policy Research 11
REFERENCEREFERENCEREFERENCEREFERENCE
1. Tadashi Yamamoto. 2000. Collective Fishery Management Developned in Japan –
why Community – Based Fishery Management Has Been Well Developed in
Japan, IIFET Proceedings.
2. Kenton Lobe, Fikret Berkes, The padu system of community – based fisheries
management:change and local institutional innovations in South India accessed
on November 23, 2005 at www.sciencedirect.com
3. Sebastian Mathew, Small Scale Fisheries Perspectives on an eco system based
approach to fisheries management accessed on November 23, 2005 at
www.fao.org .
4. S. Shanker. 2002. Focus shifts to deep sea fishing, The Hindu, April 29, p.6
5. Truong Van, Tuyen and Vernika, Brazeski. 1998. Towards an Improved
management of common property in Tam Giang lagoon, Vietnam, 7th
IASCP
Conference working paper.
6. H B Soumya, Parth J Shah, 2005 Briefing paper on fisheries policy, New Delhi,
Centre for Civil Society.
7. Government of Tamil Nadu. 2004. Policy Note 2004 – 2005, Department of
Fisheries.
8. Government of Tamil Nadu. 2005. Policy Note 2005 – 2006, Department of
Animal Husbandry and Fisheries.
9. Felix N Sugarthiraj. Pulicat lagoon – Fishery resources and Paadu System,
Coastal Poor Development Action Network accessed on November 8, 2005 at
http://arpchennai.org/copadnet.htm.
10. V Gopalakrishnan. Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Facing Capture Fisheries,
Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics 10, 2000, p 77 -81.
11. Felix N Sugarthiraj. Pulicat lagoon – Fishery resources and Paadu System,
Coastal Poor Development Action Network accessed on November 8, 2005 at
http://arpchennai.org/copadnet.htm.
12. Fishery Resources and Paadu System – Pulicat Lagoon accessed on November 8,
2005 at http://www.greengrants.org/ngo/cpda/cpdareport.html
13. P J Sanjeeva Raj. Aquaculture Potential of Pulicat Lake, Fishing Chimes, June
1994.
14. B. Subramanian, Community based Fishery Management by the Fishing Villages
located around the Pichavaram mangrove wetlands, Fishfolk organisation for
advancement.
15. Sarah Coultlard, Coastal management issues and concerns of Pulicat Lake, Tamil
Nadu – a preliminary report. A Ph.D thesis report under University of Madras,
2003.
16. S. K Sunder Raj, Pollution threat to Pulicat Lake, Buckingham Canal and
Kattupalli Island.