Mercury is a metal found naturally in the environment. It comes is a few forms. Elemental (metallic) mercury is the shiny, silver-gray metal found in thermometers, barometers, thermostats, and other electrical switches.
Mercury can break into droplets when spilled. The droplets spread easily and can build up in tiny cracks and spaces wherever it is spilled.
Mercury can vaporize (evaporate) into the air. The vapor cannot be seen or smelled.
Breathing in mercury vapors is the most common way to get mercury poisoning – and also the most dangerous.
Mercury can be toxic to the nervous system, lungs, and kidneys.
This document discusses sharps injuries among healthcare personnel and recommendations to prevent such injuries. It notes that there are an estimated 385,000 sharps injuries annually, with nurses being the occupational group most commonly exposed. The six devices that account for most injuries are disposable syringes, suture needles, winged-steel needles, intravenous catheter stylets, phlebotomy needles, and scalpels. Over a third of injuries are disposal-related. Recommendations include using safety-engineered devices, safe handling practices like neutral zones, and proper disposal in closable sharps containers.
Snakebite first aid aims to preserve life until medical treatment can be accessed. Key steps include immobilizing the bitten area, cleaning the wound, applying a loose splint, and seeking urgent medical care without delay. Tourniquets are not recommended as they can confine and concentrate venom, increasing local tissue damage and risk of systemic effects when released. Remaining calm, remembering identifying features of the snake, and describing symptoms accurately can help determine appropriate treatment.
Preventing needlestick and other sharp injuries 2019jayashreejaji
This document discusses strategies for preventing needlestick and sharp injuries among healthcare workers. It begins by outlining the significant problem of needlestick injuries, with estimates of 385,000 injuries annually among hospital staff in the US. It then examines the risks of various bloodborne virus transmission from sharps injuries.
The document explores who is most at risk of injury, where and when injuries typically occur, and which devices are most commonly involved. It emphasizes the importance of using safety-engineered devices to isolate sharps as well as following safe work practices like not recapping needles. Proper disposal techniques and following exposure protocols in case of an injury are also covered. The goal is to eliminate unnecessary sharps use and prevent the majority of
PLANNING FOR EMERGENCY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT.pptxPRADEEP ABOTHU
Emergency and disaster management is essential for healthcare preparedness, with nurses playing a crucial role. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines emergencies as immediate threats to human health, life, property, or the environment. Disasters, on the other hand, are sudden or prolonged events that cause significant disruption and exceed a community's ability to cope. They can be natural or human-made.
Disaster management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation aims to reduce the impact of disasters through risk assessment and vulnerability reduction. Preparedness includes developing plans, conducting training, and stockpiling supplies. Response involves immediate actions to save lives and meet basic needs, while recovery focuses on restoring affected areas and supporting the return to normalcy.
Key organizations and professionals in disaster management include the WHO, National Disaster Management Authority, local government and health departments, and various stakeholders. Disaster management plans are comprehensive strategies to respond to and recover from disasters, aiming to protect life, mitigate damage, coordinate resources, support community resilience, and enhance preparedness.
The disaster control room serves as the central command center, coordinating the response. It includes a rapid response team, designated beds for patients, necessary resources, and training and drills for preparedness. Elements of a disaster plan include education and training, resource assessment and mobilization, communication and coordination, and evacuation and sheltering protocols.
Activation of disaster management plans involves establishing a reception area, implementing a triage system, ensuring accurate documentation, managing public relations, and organizing crowd management and security arrangements.
Nurses have significant roles in disaster management. In healthcare facilities, they provide direct patient care, conduct triage, coordinate and communicate with other professionals, manage resources, and maintain documentation. In the community, nurses engage in preparedness education, conduct health assessments, collaborate with organizations, promote health and disease prevention, provide psychological support, advocate for the affected, and ensure continuity of care.
In conclusion, nurses are vital in emergency and disaster management, contributing to care, coordination, and support. Their expertise, compassion, and adaptability make them invaluable in mitigating the impact of disasters and promoting the well-being of individuals and communities.
1) The document discusses key terms and concepts related to emergency and disaster nursing including triage, trauma, emergency management, BLS, ACLS, defibrillation, disasters, and mass casualty incidents.
2) It describes the scope of practice of emergency nurses which includes specialized education and training to assess and prioritize care of acutely ill patients, support families, supervise staff, and provide care in a fast-paced environment.
3) Issues in emergency nursing are discussed such as the diversity of conditions, legal concerns, and providing holistic care in a high-stress environment where serious illness and death are common.
This document provides guidelines for infection control in the funeral industry. It discusses various communicable diseases that funeral workers may encounter, including hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and SARS. It emphasizes the importance of treating all human remains as potentially infectious and outlines proper procedures for transporting and preparing bodies. These include placing remains in durable, airtight containers; disinfecting surfaces; and following immunization and personal protective equipment guidelines. The document also covers waste disposal, cleaning/disinfection, and maintaining confidentiality as required by law.
Needle stick injury BE aware......................Pradnya Sane
This document discusses needlestick injuries among healthcare workers. It notes that such injuries are caused by stress, carelessness, improper passing of sharps, and lack of knowledge about the seriousness. Nurses have the highest risk of injury, making up 48% of those affected. The highest sources of injury are garbage bags, needle recapping, and IV line administration. While the risk of infection from a needlestick is low, healthcare workers should still promptly report injuries and follow post-exposure protocols to reduce risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV transmission. Proper sharps disposal, immunization, and avoiding risky behaviors can help reduce needlestick injuries among healthcare workers.
Mercury is a metal found naturally in the environment. It comes is a few forms. Elemental (metallic) mercury is the shiny, silver-gray metal found in thermometers, barometers, thermostats, and other electrical switches.
Mercury can break into droplets when spilled. The droplets spread easily and can build up in tiny cracks and spaces wherever it is spilled.
Mercury can vaporize (evaporate) into the air. The vapor cannot be seen or smelled.
Breathing in mercury vapors is the most common way to get mercury poisoning – and also the most dangerous.
Mercury can be toxic to the nervous system, lungs, and kidneys.
This document discusses sharps injuries among healthcare personnel and recommendations to prevent such injuries. It notes that there are an estimated 385,000 sharps injuries annually, with nurses being the occupational group most commonly exposed. The six devices that account for most injuries are disposable syringes, suture needles, winged-steel needles, intravenous catheter stylets, phlebotomy needles, and scalpels. Over a third of injuries are disposal-related. Recommendations include using safety-engineered devices, safe handling practices like neutral zones, and proper disposal in closable sharps containers.
Snakebite first aid aims to preserve life until medical treatment can be accessed. Key steps include immobilizing the bitten area, cleaning the wound, applying a loose splint, and seeking urgent medical care without delay. Tourniquets are not recommended as they can confine and concentrate venom, increasing local tissue damage and risk of systemic effects when released. Remaining calm, remembering identifying features of the snake, and describing symptoms accurately can help determine appropriate treatment.
Preventing needlestick and other sharp injuries 2019jayashreejaji
This document discusses strategies for preventing needlestick and sharp injuries among healthcare workers. It begins by outlining the significant problem of needlestick injuries, with estimates of 385,000 injuries annually among hospital staff in the US. It then examines the risks of various bloodborne virus transmission from sharps injuries.
The document explores who is most at risk of injury, where and when injuries typically occur, and which devices are most commonly involved. It emphasizes the importance of using safety-engineered devices to isolate sharps as well as following safe work practices like not recapping needles. Proper disposal techniques and following exposure protocols in case of an injury are also covered. The goal is to eliminate unnecessary sharps use and prevent the majority of
PLANNING FOR EMERGENCY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT.pptxPRADEEP ABOTHU
Emergency and disaster management is essential for healthcare preparedness, with nurses playing a crucial role. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines emergencies as immediate threats to human health, life, property, or the environment. Disasters, on the other hand, are sudden or prolonged events that cause significant disruption and exceed a community's ability to cope. They can be natural or human-made.
Disaster management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation aims to reduce the impact of disasters through risk assessment and vulnerability reduction. Preparedness includes developing plans, conducting training, and stockpiling supplies. Response involves immediate actions to save lives and meet basic needs, while recovery focuses on restoring affected areas and supporting the return to normalcy.
Key organizations and professionals in disaster management include the WHO, National Disaster Management Authority, local government and health departments, and various stakeholders. Disaster management plans are comprehensive strategies to respond to and recover from disasters, aiming to protect life, mitigate damage, coordinate resources, support community resilience, and enhance preparedness.
The disaster control room serves as the central command center, coordinating the response. It includes a rapid response team, designated beds for patients, necessary resources, and training and drills for preparedness. Elements of a disaster plan include education and training, resource assessment and mobilization, communication and coordination, and evacuation and sheltering protocols.
Activation of disaster management plans involves establishing a reception area, implementing a triage system, ensuring accurate documentation, managing public relations, and organizing crowd management and security arrangements.
Nurses have significant roles in disaster management. In healthcare facilities, they provide direct patient care, conduct triage, coordinate and communicate with other professionals, manage resources, and maintain documentation. In the community, nurses engage in preparedness education, conduct health assessments, collaborate with organizations, promote health and disease prevention, provide psychological support, advocate for the affected, and ensure continuity of care.
In conclusion, nurses are vital in emergency and disaster management, contributing to care, coordination, and support. Their expertise, compassion, and adaptability make them invaluable in mitigating the impact of disasters and promoting the well-being of individuals and communities.
1) The document discusses key terms and concepts related to emergency and disaster nursing including triage, trauma, emergency management, BLS, ACLS, defibrillation, disasters, and mass casualty incidents.
2) It describes the scope of practice of emergency nurses which includes specialized education and training to assess and prioritize care of acutely ill patients, support families, supervise staff, and provide care in a fast-paced environment.
3) Issues in emergency nursing are discussed such as the diversity of conditions, legal concerns, and providing holistic care in a high-stress environment where serious illness and death are common.
This document provides guidelines for infection control in the funeral industry. It discusses various communicable diseases that funeral workers may encounter, including hepatitis B and C, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and SARS. It emphasizes the importance of treating all human remains as potentially infectious and outlines proper procedures for transporting and preparing bodies. These include placing remains in durable, airtight containers; disinfecting surfaces; and following immunization and personal protective equipment guidelines. The document also covers waste disposal, cleaning/disinfection, and maintaining confidentiality as required by law.
Needle stick injury BE aware......................Pradnya Sane
This document discusses needlestick injuries among healthcare workers. It notes that such injuries are caused by stress, carelessness, improper passing of sharps, and lack of knowledge about the seriousness. Nurses have the highest risk of injury, making up 48% of those affected. The highest sources of injury are garbage bags, needle recapping, and IV line administration. While the risk of infection from a needlestick is low, healthcare workers should still promptly report injuries and follow post-exposure protocols to reduce risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV transmission. Proper sharps disposal, immunization, and avoiding risky behaviors can help reduce needlestick injuries among healthcare workers.
The document discusses emergency triage in a hospital emergency department. It describes triage as a process where a nurse rapidly evaluates patients upon arrival to determine the level of acuity and priority for care. The triage nurse assesses factors like chief complaint, appearance, vital signs, history and assigns the patient to one of five standardized triage levels, from level 1 being life-threatening to level 5 being non-urgent, with corresponding timeframes for clinician assessment. The primary role of the triage nurse is to make decisions about priority of care while monitoring for communicable diseases or violence.
Role of health care worker in preventing needlesticksubauday
Needlestick injuries can occur at various stages of needle use through improper equipment design, unsafe procedures, difficult work conditions, lack of experience, and unsafe disposal practices. They can be prevented through employee training, following guidelines for safe sharps management including proper disposal in puncture-proof containers and no needle recapping, improved equipment design, and surveillance programs to identify areas for improvement.
This document describes different types of wounds, principles of bleeding, and first aid procedures for external and internal bleeding. It outlines signs and symptoms of blood loss and discusses managing external bleeding through direct pressure, indirect pressure, or tourniquet methods as a last resort. For internal bleeding, signs may be subtle but include pale skin and changing vital signs. First aid involves maintaining ABCs, fluids, blood transfusion, and potentially surgery while seeking medical help.
The document discusses seizure in children, including status epilepticus which is defined as continuous seizure activity lasting more than 30 minutes or 2 or more seizures within 30 minutes without regaining consciousness. The pathophysiology involves overactivity of brain cells due to triggering factors that increase electrical excitability and cause seizures. Initial stabilization involves keeping the child safe from injury, maintaining airway patency, monitoring vitals, and using available drugs to control seizures. Evaluation of underlying causes includes blood tests, CT head, EEG, and lumbar puncture. Referral is needed if seizures last over 5 minutes, the child is unconscious, injured, the cause is unknown, or associated diseases are present.
This document provides guidance on snake bites in India. It discusses that snake bites are a major public health issue, killing over 11,000 people annually. The most common venomous snakes in India are Russell's viper, hump-nosed viper, cobra, and krait. It outlines the clinical presentation of envenomings from different snakes, including neuroparalytic effects from cobras and kraits, bleeding disorders from vipers, and muscle damage from sea snakes. The document emphasizes rapid assessment, resuscitation, detailed examination to identify the snake species, laboratory tests, and antivenom treatment for snake bites in India.
Family planning is important for achieving the Millennium Development Goals by reducing population growth and the costs of meeting targets. The document discusses Nigeria's high population growth, maternal and child mortality, and unmet need for family planning. It outlines challenges like inadequate resources, stockouts, and sociocultural barriers. The NURHI program aims to increase modern contraceptive use in urban areas by 20 percentage points through integrated supply and demand initiatives, innovations, advocacy, and partnerships to improve access to family planning for the urban poor.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
This presentation discusses various types of poisoning including medicinal, environmental, and drug poisoning. It describes common poisons such as heavy metals, gases, and pesticides. Factors that influence poisoning like dosage, route of exposure, and individual health are examined. Signs, symptoms and treatment approaches for specific poisonings like barbiturates, opioids, and acetaminophen are outlined. The role of pharmacists in preventing poisoning through education, surveillance, and managing antidotes is also highlighted.
This is an emergency management. this presentation is only for study purpose. it helps to improve the knowledge at the end of session. kindly share this presentations to others.
This document discusses continuity of care and the continuum of care across different levels from community to tertiary facilities. It describes the roles and responsibilities at each level, including community health workers who provide home visits and support, health and wellness centers that provide basic services and referrals, and higher facilities like district hospitals that provide specialized care. Strong referral linkages and communication between different levels are important to ensure smooth transition of patients through the continuum of care.
Intraosseous infusion involves injecting fluids and medications directly into the bone marrow, providing access to the vascular system when intravenous access is not possible. The needle is inserted through the bone cortex into the soft marrow, allowing immediate access. Common insertion sites include the upper tibia and femur. Intraosseous infusion provides a fast way to deliver lifesaving fluids and medications to trauma patients with compromised intravenous access.
This dissertation presentation summarizes Ms. Krupa Patel's research study on assessing the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on knowledge of needle stick injury among class-IV hospital workers in Sabarkantha District, Gujarat. The study used a pre-test post-test design with 60 participants. Results found a significant improvement in knowledge after the teaching program, with 50 participants having adequate knowledge post-test compared to none pre-test. The structured teaching program was effective in improving knowledge of needle stick injuries.
The document discusses infection prevention and control in the workplace. It defines infection prevention and control as an approach to prevent harm from infection through basic principles like standard precautions. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, cleaning and disinfection, waste disposal, safe handling of sharps, and PPE. The document also discusses common infections at work and their transmission, as well as an individual's responsibility to follow infection control practices.
This document provides guidelines for waste management in hospitals. It states that 1-2 kg of waste is generated per bed per day in hospitals, of which around 10% is infectious. Proper segregation of waste is key. Waste is categorized into hazardous (infectious and toxic) and non-hazardous waste. The various steps of waste management discussed are segregation, storage, disinfection, transportation, and final disposal through methods like incineration, autoclaving, deep burial, etc. Safety of healthcare workers through proper training and use of protective equipment is emphasized.
Triage is the process of prioritizing patients according to the urgency of their need for care. It aims to ensure patients are treated in order of clinical urgency and receive timely care. There are three main types of triage - primary triage in the field, secondary triage in the emergency department, and tertiary triage by specialists. The START and SAVE methods are used for disaster triage in the field to categorize patients into immediate, delayed, or minimal care/expectant groups. In the ED, patients are assigned colors based on their condition - red for most urgent, yellow intermediate, green less urgent, and black for deceased. Documentation, equipment, and designated triage teams are needed to properly conduct triage
This document provides information on first aid treatments for various conditions including snake bites, scorpion stings, bee stings, jellyfish stings, frost bite, sun glare, and rabies. It describes signs and symptoms of each condition and outlines steps for first aid such as cleaning wounds, applying cold compresses, treating for shock, and seeking urgent medical care when needed.
This document discusses key concepts of infection control, including definitions of infection and colonization. It notes that healthcare-associated infections are a major problem, with higher rates in developing countries. Factors influencing infection risk include microbial agents, patient susceptibility, and environmental factors. The document outlines standard and transmission-based precautions to prevent infection spread. It emphasizes hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and cleaning and disinfection as core infection control measures.
This document is a term paper submitted by students to fulfill requirements for a public health course. It discusses quality improvement in healthcare in developing countries. It defines quality and outlines elements of quality including structure, process, and outcomes. It presents a framework for quality of care and discusses challenges in developing countries related to variation in care quality between facilities and providers. It also provides an example from Nepal around a lack of trained mid-level healthcare workers limiting quality in rural areas. The students conclude that concerted quality improvement strategies are needed to substantially improve poor quality care.
This document is a term paper submitted by students of the Bachelor of Public Health program at La Grande International College in Nepal on the topic of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. It provides background information on NCDs including risk factors. Global data shows NCDs account for 60% of deaths worldwide, with 80% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, NCDs account for 42% of all deaths currently and are projected to cause 66.3% of deaths by 2030. The term paper analyzes NCD prevalence in Nepal and compares communicable to non-communicable disease burdens. It also examines Nepal's NCD policies and strategies.
The document discusses emergency triage in a hospital emergency department. It describes triage as a process where a nurse rapidly evaluates patients upon arrival to determine the level of acuity and priority for care. The triage nurse assesses factors like chief complaint, appearance, vital signs, history and assigns the patient to one of five standardized triage levels, from level 1 being life-threatening to level 5 being non-urgent, with corresponding timeframes for clinician assessment. The primary role of the triage nurse is to make decisions about priority of care while monitoring for communicable diseases or violence.
Role of health care worker in preventing needlesticksubauday
Needlestick injuries can occur at various stages of needle use through improper equipment design, unsafe procedures, difficult work conditions, lack of experience, and unsafe disposal practices. They can be prevented through employee training, following guidelines for safe sharps management including proper disposal in puncture-proof containers and no needle recapping, improved equipment design, and surveillance programs to identify areas for improvement.
This document describes different types of wounds, principles of bleeding, and first aid procedures for external and internal bleeding. It outlines signs and symptoms of blood loss and discusses managing external bleeding through direct pressure, indirect pressure, or tourniquet methods as a last resort. For internal bleeding, signs may be subtle but include pale skin and changing vital signs. First aid involves maintaining ABCs, fluids, blood transfusion, and potentially surgery while seeking medical help.
The document discusses seizure in children, including status epilepticus which is defined as continuous seizure activity lasting more than 30 minutes or 2 or more seizures within 30 minutes without regaining consciousness. The pathophysiology involves overactivity of brain cells due to triggering factors that increase electrical excitability and cause seizures. Initial stabilization involves keeping the child safe from injury, maintaining airway patency, monitoring vitals, and using available drugs to control seizures. Evaluation of underlying causes includes blood tests, CT head, EEG, and lumbar puncture. Referral is needed if seizures last over 5 minutes, the child is unconscious, injured, the cause is unknown, or associated diseases are present.
This document provides guidance on snake bites in India. It discusses that snake bites are a major public health issue, killing over 11,000 people annually. The most common venomous snakes in India are Russell's viper, hump-nosed viper, cobra, and krait. It outlines the clinical presentation of envenomings from different snakes, including neuroparalytic effects from cobras and kraits, bleeding disorders from vipers, and muscle damage from sea snakes. The document emphasizes rapid assessment, resuscitation, detailed examination to identify the snake species, laboratory tests, and antivenom treatment for snake bites in India.
Family planning is important for achieving the Millennium Development Goals by reducing population growth and the costs of meeting targets. The document discusses Nigeria's high population growth, maternal and child mortality, and unmet need for family planning. It outlines challenges like inadequate resources, stockouts, and sociocultural barriers. The NURHI program aims to increase modern contraceptive use in urban areas by 20 percentage points through integrated supply and demand initiatives, innovations, advocacy, and partnerships to improve access to family planning for the urban poor.
A presentation used to train medical professionals to perform BLS in emergency condition. it will provide a better understanding about the steps of BLS and the order in which it should be perfomed.
This presentation discusses various types of poisoning including medicinal, environmental, and drug poisoning. It describes common poisons such as heavy metals, gases, and pesticides. Factors that influence poisoning like dosage, route of exposure, and individual health are examined. Signs, symptoms and treatment approaches for specific poisonings like barbiturates, opioids, and acetaminophen are outlined. The role of pharmacists in preventing poisoning through education, surveillance, and managing antidotes is also highlighted.
This is an emergency management. this presentation is only for study purpose. it helps to improve the knowledge at the end of session. kindly share this presentations to others.
This document discusses continuity of care and the continuum of care across different levels from community to tertiary facilities. It describes the roles and responsibilities at each level, including community health workers who provide home visits and support, health and wellness centers that provide basic services and referrals, and higher facilities like district hospitals that provide specialized care. Strong referral linkages and communication between different levels are important to ensure smooth transition of patients through the continuum of care.
Intraosseous infusion involves injecting fluids and medications directly into the bone marrow, providing access to the vascular system when intravenous access is not possible. The needle is inserted through the bone cortex into the soft marrow, allowing immediate access. Common insertion sites include the upper tibia and femur. Intraosseous infusion provides a fast way to deliver lifesaving fluids and medications to trauma patients with compromised intravenous access.
This dissertation presentation summarizes Ms. Krupa Patel's research study on assessing the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on knowledge of needle stick injury among class-IV hospital workers in Sabarkantha District, Gujarat. The study used a pre-test post-test design with 60 participants. Results found a significant improvement in knowledge after the teaching program, with 50 participants having adequate knowledge post-test compared to none pre-test. The structured teaching program was effective in improving knowledge of needle stick injuries.
The document discusses infection prevention and control in the workplace. It defines infection prevention and control as an approach to prevent harm from infection through basic principles like standard precautions. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, cleaning and disinfection, waste disposal, safe handling of sharps, and PPE. The document also discusses common infections at work and their transmission, as well as an individual's responsibility to follow infection control practices.
This document provides guidelines for waste management in hospitals. It states that 1-2 kg of waste is generated per bed per day in hospitals, of which around 10% is infectious. Proper segregation of waste is key. Waste is categorized into hazardous (infectious and toxic) and non-hazardous waste. The various steps of waste management discussed are segregation, storage, disinfection, transportation, and final disposal through methods like incineration, autoclaving, deep burial, etc. Safety of healthcare workers through proper training and use of protective equipment is emphasized.
Triage is the process of prioritizing patients according to the urgency of their need for care. It aims to ensure patients are treated in order of clinical urgency and receive timely care. There are three main types of triage - primary triage in the field, secondary triage in the emergency department, and tertiary triage by specialists. The START and SAVE methods are used for disaster triage in the field to categorize patients into immediate, delayed, or minimal care/expectant groups. In the ED, patients are assigned colors based on their condition - red for most urgent, yellow intermediate, green less urgent, and black for deceased. Documentation, equipment, and designated triage teams are needed to properly conduct triage
This document provides information on first aid treatments for various conditions including snake bites, scorpion stings, bee stings, jellyfish stings, frost bite, sun glare, and rabies. It describes signs and symptoms of each condition and outlines steps for first aid such as cleaning wounds, applying cold compresses, treating for shock, and seeking urgent medical care when needed.
This document discusses key concepts of infection control, including definitions of infection and colonization. It notes that healthcare-associated infections are a major problem, with higher rates in developing countries. Factors influencing infection risk include microbial agents, patient susceptibility, and environmental factors. The document outlines standard and transmission-based precautions to prevent infection spread. It emphasizes hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and cleaning and disinfection as core infection control measures.
This document is a term paper submitted by students to fulfill requirements for a public health course. It discusses quality improvement in healthcare in developing countries. It defines quality and outlines elements of quality including structure, process, and outcomes. It presents a framework for quality of care and discusses challenges in developing countries related to variation in care quality between facilities and providers. It also provides an example from Nepal around a lack of trained mid-level healthcare workers limiting quality in rural areas. The students conclude that concerted quality improvement strategies are needed to substantially improve poor quality care.
This document is a term paper submitted by students of the Bachelor of Public Health program at La Grande International College in Nepal on the topic of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. It provides background information on NCDs including risk factors. Global data shows NCDs account for 60% of deaths worldwide, with 80% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, NCDs account for 42% of all deaths currently and are projected to cause 66.3% of deaths by 2030. The term paper analyzes NCD prevalence in Nepal and compares communicable to non-communicable disease burdens. It also examines Nepal's NCD policies and strategies.
The document analyzes Nepal's progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It discusses the 8 goals of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS and other diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability, and developing a global partnership for development. It then outlines Nepal's key strategies to work toward these goals and presents findings on Nepal's progress so far in meeting the targets under each goal.
The document discusses immunization in Nepal across multiple sources. It provides background on Nepal's national immunization program and progress towards vaccination goals. Several studies are summarized that evaluate vaccination coverage rates across Nepal and identify factors influencing coverage, such as education, access to healthcare, and awareness of immunization programs. Coverage rates for individual vaccines are provided from national reports and surveys in specific districts. Challenges like maintaining cold chain equipment and needle reuse are also mentioned.
This document outlines policies related to occupational health in Nepal. It discusses how occupational health deals with health and safety in the workplace, aiming to prevent hazards. An occupational health policy protects workers' health, safety and welfare by ensuring clean work areas, protective equipment and training. Nepal's main labor laws covering working conditions, safety and health are the Labor Act of 1992 and Labor Rules of 1993. The Labor Act includes provisions for sanitation, ventilation, lighting, maximum work hours, holidays, minimum wage, and accident prevention. The Nepalese government allocates about 20 million rupees annually for occupational safety and health programs that provide training, awareness, inspections and evaluations.
Mental health refers to an individual's emotional and psychological well-being and their ability to function in everyday life. Approximately 450 million people worldwide suffer from mental or behavioral disorders. The causes of mental illness are complex and involve biological, genetic, psychological, and environmental factors interacting in various ways. Some key facts about mental health in Nepal are that around 10% of Nepalis suffer from a mental illness, facilities are limited especially outside of Kathmandu, and prevention efforts should target risk factors early through universal and selective interventions.
This randomized controlled trial tested a participatory intervention with women's groups in Nepal to reduce neonatal and maternal mortality rates. 42 village clusters were pair-matched and randomly assigned to intervention or control. In intervention clusters, female facilitators convened monthly women's group meetings. The intervention led to a 30% reduction in neonatal mortality rate and a 79% reduction in maternal mortality ratio compared to control clusters. The intervention also increased uptake of antenatal care, institutional delivery, and hygienic home care practices. The study suggests community-based participatory interventions with women's groups can greatly improve birth outcomes in poor rural populations.
The document discusses mental health and mental illness. It defines mental health as maintaining successful mental activity and fulfilling relationships while adapting to change. Mental illness occurs when the brain is not functioning properly, disrupting thinking, emotions, behavior, or physical functioning. Common symptoms include sleep problems, mood swings, and difficulty focusing. Mental illness is caused by a complex interplay between genetics and environment and results in abnormal brain functioning. While some illnesses begin in childhood, others often emerge during adolescence. Most people with mental illness can live productive lives with treatment. The document encourages seeking help from others if experiencing prolonged sadness, anger, or risky behaviors.
The document provides information on various first aid procedures. It discusses the objectives of first aid as preserving life, preventing worsening of conditions, and promoting recovery. It describes how to assess victims using DRABC (Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation). Various first aid kits, treatments for burns, bleeding, fractures, snake bites, and more are outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of seeking immediate medical help when needed.
This document provides tips for creating effective PowerPoint presentations. It notes that many presentations are "unbearable" due to a lack of significance, structure, simplicity, and rehearsal. It emphasizes the importance of having a clear purpose for your presentation, using a simple structure like problem-solution, keeping slides concise with minimal text and images over clipart, writing speaker notes instead of long slides for printing, and rehearsing your presentation aloud to work out any issues. The overall message is that presentations should be passionate, memorable and scalable through a focus on simplicity and clarity of message.
Organization Structure of Public Health System in Nepal.
Organization Profile (Structure, Functions, Roles, Responsibilities, ToR): http://bit.ly/HealthsystemsNepal
Organization Structure of Public Health System in Nepal | Health System Nepal | Current Health system of Nepal | Organization Structure of Nepalese Health System | Public Health System | Health Governance System in Nepal |Health Organization Profile | https://publichealthupdate.com |
More updates: https://publichealthupdate.com
The document discusses trends in life expectancy and health outcomes in the United States from 1990 to 2017, noting that while life expectancy has generally increased, the rate of increase has slowed in recent years and disparities persist across different demographic groups. Life expectancy was highest in 2017 for females and Asians/Pacific Islanders and lowest for males and African Americans. High blood pressure, dietary risks, and occupational risks were among the leading risk factors contributing to death and disability-adjusted life years.
This document discusses family planning and world population day. It provides background information on concepts of population, importance of population studies, and Nepal's population statistics from census data. The key points are:
1) World Population Day is celebrated annually on July 11th to raise awareness about issues related to population growth and development. This year's theme is "Family Planning: Empowering People, Developing Nations".
2) Family planning involves making informed choices on issues like birth spacing, limiting family size, and improving maternal and child health outcomes. It is an important factor in national development.
3) Nepal still has a high population growth rate according to the latest census. Improving access to quality family planning services can
Non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cancer are increasing worldwide. Diabetes is a disease where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin properly, resulting in high blood sugar. It can be controlled through lifestyle changes like healthy diet, exercise and weight management. Cancer is a group of diseases where abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body. Early detection of cancers and non-communicable diseases can help improve health outcomes. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is important to prevent and manage these diseases.
This document discusses World No Tobacco Day, which is observed every year on May 31st. The purpose of the day is to raise awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use. Some key facts provided include that tobacco use causes millions of preventable deaths worldwide each year. Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals, many of which are harmful and can cause cancer. Tobacco use increases the risks of various cancers as well as heart disease and respiratory illnesses. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control aims to reduce tobacco use and protect people from tobacco smoke. Nepal has also signed and ratified this convention to work towards limiting tobacco use and its health impacts.
Investing in teenage girls - World population Day 2016 (Preeti)Public Health Update
Investing in teenage girls is important for several reasons:
1) Teenage girls face many social and health challenges during their formative years that impact their education, health and long-term opportunities.
2) In Nepal, early pregnancy is common in rural areas where teenage girls lack access to sexual and reproductive health services.
3) Investing in empowering teenage girls through education, health services and rights can help reduce poverty and inequality in the long-run.
Menstrual Hygiene Day (MH Day) is an annual global awareness day on May 28th that aims to break taboos and raise awareness about the importance of menstrual hygiene management for women and girls worldwide. It was initiated in 2014 by the German NGO WASH United to address the challenges and hardships many women and girls face during menstruation, such as a lack of access to menstrual products and proper hygiene facilities. MH Day coordinates over 380 partner organizations to promote solutions and catalyze a global movement that recognizes women's rights through policy advocacy and media outreach. The document discusses menstrual hygiene management issues faced by women and girls in Nepal specifically and why proper menstrual hygiene is important for health, education
Short orientation on reproductive health & Reproductive right (Nepali)Public Health Update
1. The document discusses key aspects of reproductive health and rights in Nepal such as family planning, safe motherhood, adolescent health, and abortion services.
2. It outlines that the Nepali constitution guarantees reproductive health and rights. The government has obligations to ensure these rights are protected in practice through national and international resources.
3. Nepal has made progress in protecting women's human rights since committing to international agreements on reproductive rights. The document reviews some reproductive health services available in Nepal.
Overview of National Health Policy and Public Health Program in Nepal : For ...Public Health Update
This document summarizes the key policies and strategies of Nepal's health sector. It discusses Nepal's progress in health over the last several decades, despite challenges of poverty and conflict. The constitution establishes health as a fundamental right. National health policies focus on universal access to basic health services, developing human resources, traditional and modern medical systems, supply of medicines and self-reliance in production. Current priorities include strengthening primary health care networks, increasing private sector participation, and controlling infectious diseases. The document outlines continued efforts to improve quality and ensure equitable access to health services.
This document describes Sagun Paudel's public health blog. The blog contains 14 sections that provide information on public health topics, jobs, opportunities, and how to navigate the blog. Sections include posts on public health courses and news, important days, activities, documents for exams, job listings for various health roles, scholarships, and how to search and join the blog community. The goal is to be the No. 1 blog for sharing public health updates and information in Nepal.
This document describes Sagun Paudel's public health blog. The blog contains 14 sections that provide information on public health topics, jobs, opportunities, and how to navigate the blog. Sections include posts on public health courses and news, important days, activities, documents for exams, job listings for various health roles, scholarships, and how to search and join the blog community. The goal is to be the #1 blog for sharing public health updates and information in Nepal.
ACHIEVEMENT AND PROGRESS TOWARDS HEALTH RELATED MDGS IN NEPALPublic Health Update
This document discusses Nepal's progress towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals. It provides an overview of Nepal's efforts to support the goals and current data on key health indicators related to reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and combating diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. While Nepal has faced challenges from political instability, it has exceeded targets for reducing child mortality and is on track to meet most health goals. The document recommends continuing efforts to fully achieve all remaining targets and integrate health programs with local governance to support sustainable development.
ACHIEVEMENT AND PROGRESS TOWARDS HEALTH RELATED MDGS IN NEPAL (Draft Seminar ...Public Health Update
This is Draft Seminar paper which will present in my class for partial fulfillment of my Syllabus of BPH 8th semester. ''ACHIEVEMENT AND PROGRESS TOWARDS HEALTH RELATED MDGS IN NEPAL''
A Presentation Presented To orient about HIV, AIDS and STIs for Development of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice for Prevention of HIV and STIs for College Students.
This is a simple and general presentation about the health research which is prepared to present within staffs of Naulo Ghumti Nepal especially for EIHS staffs, objective if this presentation is to orient staffs about research.
The National Nutrition Policy of Nepal from 2004 aims to improve nutrition nationwide by reducing malnutrition rates. The key objectives are reducing protein-energy malnutrition, anemia, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and intestinal worm infestation among children and women. The policy outlines strategies like community participation, advocacy, research, and multi-sector coordination to achieve its overall goal of ensuring nutritional well-being for all Nepalis. While programs have scaled up infant and young child feeding, coverage of interventions remains low and nutrition surveys need to be conducted more routinely. Strengthening food security and fully implementing breastfeeding recommendations could help address remaining weaknesses in Nepal's efforts to improve public health through nutrition.
Seminar paper on effictiveness and utilization of htc service in nepal 2014Public Health Update
This document summarizes a health seminar paper on the effectiveness and utilization of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services in Nepal. It provides background on HIV/AIDS in Nepal, describes the current situation of the epidemic and HTC services. It discusses the objectives, methodology, essential elements and process of HTC services. It analyzes trends in the effectiveness and utilization of HTC, noting challenges like low testing rates, barriers to access, and a lack of coordination between service providers. The paper concludes that collective action is needed from all stakeholders to increase HTC utilization and effectiveness. It recommends integrating HTC with primary health care, improving collaboration, identifying alternative prevention strategies, and addressing stigma.
This document is a term paper submitted to fulfill partial requirements for a Bachelor of Public Health degree. It discusses occupational health and safety policies in Nepal. The paper acknowledges those who helped and supported the students. It has objectives to study the health burden of occupational conditions in Nepal, examine workplace safety policies, and assess major occupations. The methodology describes using secondary sources like reviewing documents from the Ministry of Labour and ILO. The findings report that occupational accidents cause around 200 deaths annually in Nepal. Agriculture, services and construction are major industries with varying workplace standards. Nepal's Labour Act of 1992 covers compensation, leave, and some safety measures. Recent plans aim to improve training and inspections. The conclusion states that current policy is guided by the Labour
1. School Health
Programme
Prepared by:
SAgun PAudel Participants:
Health Assistant • Samjhana Gurung
Student of BPH @ LA
GRANDEE International • Tika Thapa
college, Simalchour • Jayanti Gurung
Pokhara, Nepal
3. What is first aid?
First aid is defined as the emergency care
and treatment of injured person before
complete medical care and treatment can be
secured.
कु नै आकिििक घटना पिि र खास उपचार
उपलबध हनु पुवव ििरािीलाई जीवन रकाका
लािि र जिटलता कि िनवका लािि ततकालै
ििइने युििपुववक सहायता वा हरचारलाई
े
पाथििक उपचार भिननि।
4. Principle of first aid:
• to maintain circulatory volume of vital
organs eg. Brain, kidney, heart etc
• to maintain respiratory functions.
5. Aim of first aid
The key aims of first aid can be summarized
in three key points:
• Preserve life: the overriding aim of all
medical care, including first aid, is to save
lives.
• Prevent further harm/danger of further
injury:this covers both external factors, such
as moving a patient away from any cause of
harm, and applying first aid techniques to
prevent worsening of the condition.
6. such as applying pressure to stop a bleed
becoming dangerous.
• Promote recovery: first aid also involves
trying to start the recovery process from the
illness or injury, and in some cases might
involve completing a treatment, such as in
the case of applying a plaster to a small
wound
7. Conditions that often require
first aid
• Altitude sickness
• Bone fracture & Joint dislocation
• Anaphylaxis
• Choking
• Heart attack & Cardiac Arrest
• Wounds and bleeding
• Poisoning
•Burns
8. How you will be a Good first
Aider?
• िववेकी (observant)
• ववहारकु शल (tactful)
• युििपूणव (resourceful)
• िनपुण (dexterous
• िपषविा (explicit)
• िववेचक (discriminator)
• अधयवसायी (persevering)
•सहानुभूितयुि (sympathetic)
9. पाथििक उपचारले ििाव चोट/चोट िढने पििया
घटि र उपचारिा सहयोि पुगि। युििपुववक
पथािीक उपचार ििन नसके िा रोि/चोट जिटल
िने सकि। र किहलेकिह जयान सिेत जोिखििा
पनव सकि । तसथव पाथििक उपचार समििनध
जान सिैिा हनु जरिर ि।
10. • हामो जीवनिा जुनसुकै िेला जे पिन हन
सकि। ििनक जीवनिा हनसके सिियािा
ै
ततकालै सकारातिक सहायता के हनसकि भने
आधारभूत जानकारी सिैलाई हनु पिव।
• जुनसुकै काि ििाव सिै वििले सचेतना
अपनाउनु पिव। िवववती, िालिािलका, वृद र
िाहो साहो काि िने वििहर लिायत सिैले
िवशेष धयान पुववक काि िनुव पिव।
11. चोट-पटकको पाथििक उपचार:
• असुरिकत िथान िाट सुरिकत िथान िा जाने/
लाने।
• रित ििेको रोके पयास िने। जितै: कपडा वा
हात ले थुने। हात खुटा को चोट ि भने िुटु
भनिा िािथ उठाउने।
• िवदुतीय वितु सिको जोिखि रहकोे
अविथािा अचालक वितु जितै- ओभानो कपडा,
रवर आिि को पयोि िने।
• के िह वितु शरीर िभत िडेको ि भने ततकाल
नििके ।
12. •असर िने वितु सतहिै भएिा सफा पानीले
सफािने।
• हाड भाििएिा वा शंका लािेिा उि भाि
लाई नचलाउने, आराि िराउने।
• टाउको, घाटी वा ढाडका हाडिा असर परे िा
(वा परे को शंका लािेिा):
आराि राखे; घाटी-टाउको-ढाडलाई नचलाउने,
हििलन नििने। शानत वातावरण िा राखे।
तुरनतै निजकै को िवािथय संिथािा लैजाने ।
आवियक परे िा िवशेषज सुििधा पाइने ठाउिा
जाने / लागे
13. रिशावको [bleeding]रोकथाि:
िाह: िविभन चोट पटक वा कु नै रोिका
कारण िाह रिशाव हन सकि।
– सफा कपडाले वा हातले िथचने।
– चोट हात वा खुटािा भएिा हात/खुटा लाई
उिालने।
– कु नै वितु िाडको भएिा नििके ।
े
– िवािथयकिी वा िवािथय सुिवधा भएको ठाउिा
िा जाने/लागे र उपयुि सेवा िलने।
14. िभित: िविभन आनतिरक रोि/सिियाका वा
कु नै चोटपटक कारण आनतिरक रिशाव
हनासकि।
– िुख, नाक, कान, िुि -दार, योनी आिि िथान िाट
्
रित आएको भएिा सियिै िवािथय संिथा वा
िवािथयकिीकोिा िइ आवियक परािशव र सेवा
िलने।
19. • तुरनतै सेवा पाइने िवािथय संिथािा लगु/जानु
पिव।
• िवष िवशेषको उपचार फरक फरक हनि।
• पाप भएसमि समभािवत िवष, िवषको भाडो/
कािजपत िवािथयकिी/िचिकतसक लाई ििनुपिव।
20. सपव क ो टोकाई [snake bite]
• नआििने, नअतयाउने, टोके को ठाउिा
सफा पानीले सफा िने।
• टोके को ठाउँ भनिा के िह िािथ
रिालजितो वितुले िाधे, डाि िसे
ििर कसु हिन।ै
• सपवले टोके को ठाउिा काटने, चुसे
निने।
•सुििधा युि अिपताल/िवािथय
संिथािा तुरनत लगे/जाने।
21. ले क लािे ि ा [Altitude sickness]
उि िहिाली भेििा जािा उचाइका कारण
यितो सििया हन सकि।
िवशेष ििर ििटोििटो ििर- जितै हवाइजहाज
िाट जािा। यो सििया उचाईिा िएको ६ ििख
े
२४ घणटा िभत िखा पनव सकि।
े
उचाईिा अिकसजनको िात कि हने र शरीर
तयहाको वातावरणिा घुलििल भईनसकिाको
कारणले यितो हन सकि।