مجس انذار الحريق Fire sensor
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المجسات الضوئية والية عملها
لمزيد من المعلومات والدروس التقنية واخر الاخبار التقنية
مهووسو التقنية الحديثة
NewTechGeeks
EngASM89
http://newtechgeeks.com/ar/
المجسات الضوئية
لمزيد من المعلومات والدروس التقنية واخر الاخبار التقنية
مهووسو التقنية الحديثة
NewTechGeeks
EngASM89
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الموجات فوق الصوتية
اعداد آية عبدالناصر محمد زكي
الفرقة الاولى قسم الهندسة الطبية
جامعة القاهره
بحث في الموجات الفوق صوتية
Les fonctions de la fenêtre et leurs impacts sur le confort lumineux dans les...
Les fonctions de la fenêtre et leurs impacts sur le confort lumineux dans les...Université Mohamed Khider - Biskra
Résumé
Durant des millénaires, l’homme utilisait les ouvertures des abris et d'habitations uniquement pour l'aération de l'espace intérieur. Et avec l'apparition des nouvelles tâches et activités domestiques la lumière naturelle est devenue comme une nouvelle fonction de ses ouvertures. Donc la fenêtre et devenue un des composants les plus complexes des édifices. Ceci est dû aux rôles contradictoires qu'allait jouer la fenêtre notamment dans l’éclairage et l’occultation, la vue sur l’extérieur et la recherche d’intimité, l'exploitation et la protection solaire, et enfin l'aération et la protection contre les intempéries. Et avec l'invention des énergies artificielles telles que l'électricité, ainsi après le développement technologique et avec l'invention du chauffage et du climatiseur les architectes ont petit à petit commencé à négliger l'importance de la fenêtre. Malheureusement la plupart des architectes algériens considèrent la fenêtre comme un détail technique ou esthétique et laissant aux électriciens d'ajouter les équipements d’éclairage, pour avoir soit disant le confort lumineux optimal à l’intérieur. Cette conduite pose de sérieux problèmes économiques dus à la forte demande en matière d'énergie électrique. De cela il est impératif de s'orienter vers l'architecture passive et bioclimatique qui marche avec le développement durable pour donner un rôle plus important aux fonctions de la fenêtre en matière d'éclairage naturel.
L’objectif de cette recherche est d’évaluer quantitativement, les performances lumineuses du système d’éclairage latéral d’une salle de lecture d’une bibliothèque municipale, située dans une région à climat chaud et aride, afin de voir les différents points positifs et les points négatifs des dispositifs de la fenêtre de cette salle de lecture pour avoir un confort lumineux à l’intérieur. Pour aboutir à cet objectif nous proposons une simulation informatique par l’utilisation des logiciels Radiance. Et pour la modélisation et l’intégration des données climatiques de la ville de Biskra on a utilisé le logiciel Ecotect. Dans cette recherche, on a changé un seul indicateur, qui est le type de protection qui consiste en i) l’auvent unique, ii) l’auvent subdivisé iii) et le Light-Shelf, pour étudier le niveau d’éclairement sur le plan de travail pour avoir un confort lumineux à l’intérieur de cette salle de lecture. Notre travail est structuré en deux parties, la première englobe toutes les notions de base des fonctions de la fenêtre et de l’éclairage naturel, le climat lumineux, et le confort lumineux dans les salles de lecture. Cette partie regroupe les cinq premiers chapitres. La deuxième partie est celle qui apporte de nouveau dans cette recherche, elle représente le gisement lumineux à Biskra et les différentes étapes de la réalisation de notre model, les résultats oMicroprocessor based Temperature Controller
The document describes the process control system for a wet tannery. It uses temperature and pH sensors to monitor conditions. Signal conditioning circuits prepare the sensor outputs for analog to digital conversion. An 8085 microprocessor reads the digital values and controls loads like heaters via an 8255 interface and solid state relays. The program measures temperature, compares it to a setpoint, and turns the heater on or off accordingly to regulate conditions.
Automatic temperature control using 8085 microprocessor
This document describes an automatic temperature control system using an 8085 microprocessor. The system uses an AD590 temperature sensor, differential amplifier, ADC0808 converter, and 8085 microprocessor to control a heater or cooler based on upper and lower temperature setpoints. The system aims to minimize manual intervention in industrial temperature control applications. Key components include the temperature input unit, processing unit, and control output unit. The system provides temperature control with minimal components at low cost.
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مجس انذار الحريق Fire sensor
- 3. شرح الدائرة وصف المشروع : هذه الدارة تستخدم الثيرمستور وتيمر ,وهي سهلة جدا نستطيع عملها بسهولة مطلقة ويتكون المشروع من مكثفات ومقاومات ,مضخمات ,تايمر ,مجس للحرارة ,وديودات وبطارية 6 فولت .
- 4. مبدأ المشروع : التيرموستر يعطينا مقاومة قليلة عند درجة حرارة عالية ومقاومةعالية عند درجات حرارة منخفضة فيمر تيار قليل في السماعة غير كافي لتشغيلها.ونستخدم هذا المبدا كاستشعار للحرائق تتكون هذه الدارة من تايمر)مؤقت(يعطي نبضات مستمرة والمضخمات)الترانزستور( ت 1وت 2 يغذيان التايمر. يخرج الاشارة من التايمر من النقطة 3 التي تتصل مع المضخم ت 3 ومن ثم الى السماعة لتصدر الصوت انذارا للحريق .تردد التايمر يعتمد على قيمة المقاومات 5,6 والمكثف 2 .عندما يسخن الثيرمستو تصبح مقاومته قليلة فيمر التيار حتى يصل الى قاعدة الترانزستور ومن ثم الى المكثف 1 الذي بدوره يخزن الشحنات الامر الذي يصدر الصوت في السماعة.الديود د 1 يعمل عملية تفريغ للشحنات في المكثف 1
- 5. جهاز إنذار الحريق الاعتما د على ظاهرة ا ل تمد د ا لطول ىي ل لمعا دن عن د ارت ف اع درجة حرارتها
- 11. شرح آلية عمل المجس عد حدوث الحريق تتولد حرارة ترفع درجة حرارة القطعة ثنائية المعدن وتؤدى إلى انحنائها بحيث تلامس النقطة ج , وعندها يتم إغلاق الدارة الكهربائية فيمر التيار الكهربائي الذى يؤدى إلى دق الجرس فينبه عند حدوث الحريق.
- 12. SMOKE جهاز إ نذار ا لحريق DETECTOR جهاز كشف الدخان المستخدم للتحذير من اندلاع حريق في غرفة أو مبني من الاجهزة الهامة والضرورية فبالرغم من انخفاض تكلفتها التي تبلغ في حدود 15 دولار فإنها تقي من نشوب حريق قد يقضي على ممتلكات مؤسسة بكاملها. يتكون جهاز من جزئين اساسيين اولهما مجس حساس للضوء Smoke Detector كاشف الدخان والجزء الثاني هو جهاز الكتروني يصدر صوت منبه Photodiode وهو الفوتوديود مرتفع. يعمل جهاز انذار الحريق من خلال بطارية 9 فولت أو من خلال مزود الكهرباء المنزلي.
- 13. فكرة عمل جهاز انذار الحريق يعتمد هذا النوع من كاشف الدخان على فوتوديود وهو حساس للضوء، وإذا ما تم تصميم دائرة إلكترونية بحيث اذا سقط الضوء على الفوتوديود تصدر الدائرة الإلكترونية جرس منبه ذو صوت عالي. وهذه فكرة عمل جهاز انذار الحريق حيث أن الجهاز يحتوي على شعاع ضوئي عادي مثبت في نهاية LED يصدر من ديود باعث للضوء انبوبة اسطوانية الشكل وعلى زاوية 90 درجة يتفرع اسطوانة اخرى مثبت في نهايتها فوتوديود. كما في الشكل التوضيحي التالي:
- 14. SMOKE DETECTOR في حالة تواجد دخان كثيف في الغرفة فإن هذا الدخان سيدخل من الجهة المقابلة للاسطوانة المثبت بها المصدر الضوئي وسيعمل على تشتيت الضوء ليسقط على الفوتوديود وبالتالي سيتم تفعيل الدائرة الإلكترونية التي بدورها ستطلق صفارة الإنذار
- 16. عمل ا لطا ل بة : ن ادية حمدان للمهندس/أشرف المدهون