This document discusses optical fiber sensors, including their principles and classifications. Optical fiber sensors have advantages like electromagnetic immunity, electrical isolation, compact size, and ability to do distributed or multiplexed configurations. They can sense and measure changes in light intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength or spectral distribution. Optical fiber sensors are classified as extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic sensors have the light leave the fiber to be altered before returning, while intrinsic sensors alter the light within the fiber. The document gives examples of applications for different types of optical fiber sensors such as temperature, chemical, pressure, and military sensors.
This document discusses using an optical sensor to measure tilt angle in motorcycles. It describes the sensor parameters, how tilt angle is defined and calculated using sensor measurements, and how the sensor data is processed. Test results from using the sensor on racetracks are presented. The advantages of the optical sensor approach include its small size, low cost and weight. Drawbacks include interference from the environment and roughness of the road. The measurement of tilt angle is useful for applications like anti-lock braking systems.
INTRODUCTION: Fibre optical sensors offer number of distinct advantages which makes them unique for many applications where conventional sensors are difficult or impossible to deploy or can not provide the same wealth of information. They are completely passive, hence can be used in explosive environment. Immunity to electromagnetic interference makes it ideal for microwave environment. They are resistant to high temperatures and chemically reactive environment, ideal for harsh and hostile environment. Small size makes it ideal for embedding and surface mounting. Has high degree of biocompatibility, non-intrusive nature and electromagnetic immunity, ideal for medical applications like intra-aortic balloon pumping. They can monitor a wide range of physical and chemical parameters. It has potential for very high sensitivity, range and resolution. Complete electrical insulation from high electrostatic potential and Remote operation over several km lengths without any lead sensitivity makes it ideal for deployment in boreholes or measurements in hazardous environment. Unique multiplexed and distributed sensors provide measurements at large number of points along single optical cable, ideal for minimising cable deployment and cable weight, monitoring extended structures like pipelines, dams.
Various types of sensors are Point sensors, Integrated Sensors, Quasidistributed multiplexed sensors, Distributed sensors. Examples of such sensors are Fabry-Perot sensors, Single Fibre Bragg Grating sensors, Integrated strain sensor, Intruder Pressure sensor, Strain/Force sensor, Position sensor, Temperature sensor, Deformation sensor etc.
This document discusses optical fiber sensors, including their principles and classifications. Optical fiber sensors have advantages like electromagnetic immunity, electrical isolation, compact size, and ability to do distributed or multiplexed configurations. They can sense and measure changes in light intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength or spectral distribution. Optical fiber sensors are classified as extrinsic or intrinsic. Extrinsic sensors have the light leave the fiber to be altered before returning, while intrinsic sensors alter the light within the fiber. The document gives examples of applications for different types of optical fiber sensors such as temperature, chemical, pressure, and military sensors.
This document discusses using an optical sensor to measure tilt angle in motorcycles. It describes the sensor parameters, how tilt angle is defined and calculated using sensor measurements, and how the sensor data is processed. Test results from using the sensor on racetracks are presented. The advantages of the optical sensor approach include its small size, low cost and weight. Drawbacks include interference from the environment and roughness of the road. The measurement of tilt angle is useful for applications like anti-lock braking systems.
INTRODUCTION: Fibre optical sensors offer number of distinct advantages which makes them unique for many applications where conventional sensors are difficult or impossible to deploy or can not provide the same wealth of information. They are completely passive, hence can be used in explosive environment. Immunity to electromagnetic interference makes it ideal for microwave environment. They are resistant to high temperatures and chemically reactive environment, ideal for harsh and hostile environment. Small size makes it ideal for embedding and surface mounting. Has high degree of biocompatibility, non-intrusive nature and electromagnetic immunity, ideal for medical applications like intra-aortic balloon pumping. They can monitor a wide range of physical and chemical parameters. It has potential for very high sensitivity, range and resolution. Complete electrical insulation from high electrostatic potential and Remote operation over several km lengths without any lead sensitivity makes it ideal for deployment in boreholes or measurements in hazardous environment. Unique multiplexed and distributed sensors provide measurements at large number of points along single optical cable, ideal for minimising cable deployment and cable weight, monitoring extended structures like pipelines, dams.
Various types of sensors are Point sensors, Integrated Sensors, Quasidistributed multiplexed sensors, Distributed sensors. Examples of such sensors are Fabry-Perot sensors, Single Fibre Bragg Grating sensors, Integrated strain sensor, Intruder Pressure sensor, Strain/Force sensor, Position sensor, Temperature sensor, Deformation sensor etc.
Fibre optic pressure and temperature sensorI'am Ajas
This document describes a fibre optic sensor for measuring pressure and temperature in geothermal wells. The sensor uses an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer to measure pressure and a fibre Bragg grating to measure temperature. It was tested under simulated wellbore conditions and demonstrated the ability to accurately measure both pressure and temperature. The sensor provides a simple, miniature, and robust solution for downhole monitoring in geothermal applications.
This document provides an overview of optical fiber communication. It begins with introducing optical fibers and how they guide light through total internal reflection. It then describes the different types of optical fibers, including step index and graded index fibers. The key elements of an optical fiber communication system are presented, along with the benefits such as high bandwidth, low loss, and electrical isolation. Applications include telecommunications networks, computing, and military systems. In conclusion, while optical fibers have some disadvantages, they have revolutionized communications due to their wide bandwidth and low transmission losses.
The document describes a fiber optic guitar, which uses optical fibers instead of metal strings. It discusses the history of the invention by George Bowley, the concept of using optical fibers that vibrate like strings, and the construction of prototypes. Some advantages are the elimination of electrical noise, increased frequency response, and resistance to corrosion. Disadvantages include differences in the feel of the strings and bending mechanics compared to traditional guitars.
Distance sensors can be either long or short distance and work using echo location techniques like Doppler effect to detect objects. They emit an ultrasonic signal that bounces off a surface and is reflected back to the sensor, allowing the sensor to calculate the distance to the object by measuring the time between emission and reception of the echo. Common uses of distance sensors include air traffic control and car detection systems.
أساسيات الحساسات والإشارة التماثلية في الأردوينو لليافعينWikilogia
عرض تقديمي لتوضيح استخدام الحساسات والتعامل مع الإشارات التماثلية باستخدام الأردوينو مع تطبيقات بسيطة لذلك.
تم استخدام هذه الشرائح في نشاط اليافعين الذي جرى في هاكرسبيس ويكيلوجيا في الفترة 14-25 تموز 2013
لمزيد من المعلومات:
http://wiki.wikilogians.org/wiki/أرشيف_أنشطة_الهاكرسبيس/رمضان_اليافعين
This document discusses biomedical sensors that use optical fibers. It introduces fiber optic sensors and their advantages, such as flexibility, lightness, safety, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. It then describes several specific fiber optic sensors: a pressure sensor that uses a Fabry-Perot cavity, temperature sensors that use phase interference or fiber deformation, and a blood flow sensor that uses laser Doppler flowmetry. Commercially available products are provided as examples for the pressure, temperature, and blood flow sensors. The document concludes that fiber optic sensors are well-suited for a variety of medical measurements due to their low cost, ease of use, and performance comparable to electric sensors.
Smart IR temperature sensors integrate sensors and circuits to process environmental information without human interference. The new smart sensors are the smallest available, allowing remote control and monitoring from a computer. They work by measuring infrared radiation between 0.7-14 microns, which corresponds to object temperatures. Digital electronics and software provide fast response, remote setup and calibration, and additional functionality. As an example, a smart IR sensor can control a space heater based on the actual temperature of the area being heated rather than just the heater itself, improving safety and efficiency.
Three uses for Hi ISO you might not know استخدامات لحساسية الضوء العالية قد ل...Abdullah Muhammad
The content of this presentation is translated from this page:
http://digital-photography-school.com/three-uses-for-high-iso-you-might-not-know/
تستخدم إعدادات حساسية الضوء في الكاميرا للتحكم في مقدار تحسس الكاميرا للضوء. عندما تستخدم قيم عالية لحساسية الضوء، أنت تخبر الكاميرا بأن تكون حساسة أكثر للضوء.تقوم بذلك غالباً عند التصوير في ظروف إضاءة منخفضة، بهدف تحقيق تعريض صحيح.
لكن هناك استخدامات أخرى ...
The document discusses smart sensors, providing details on their architecture, fabrication, advantages, disadvantages and applications. Some key points:
- Smart sensors integrate a sensor, analog/digital converter, processor and communication interface on a single chip, allowing them to process and communicate sensor data.
- The basic architecture includes a sensing element, amplifier, ADC, memory, processor and communication components. Fabrication uses techniques like micro-machining and bonding.
- Advantages are reduced system load and faster operation. Applications include industrial monitoring, automotive controls, biomedical devices, and smart dust networks of tiny sensors. Disadvantages include higher initial costs and issues with mixing old and new devices.
This document discusses smart sensors and intelligent sensors. It defines smart sensors as sensors combined with interfacing circuits that allow two-way communication and decision making. Intelligent sensors are an evolution of smart sensors that add data processing, reconfigurability, and the ability to aggregate data from other sensors. The document outlines the architecture and generations of smart sensors from early devices with just sensor elements to current ones with memory, digital intelligence, and integrated analog-to-digital conversion. It provides examples of smart sensor applications and discusses their advantages of being more reliable and scalable while also having higher complexity and cost compared to simple sensors.
This presentation provides an overview of optical sensors, including their introduction, working principles, classification, applications, and future trends. Optical sensors are classified as either extrinsic or intrinsic based on whether the light interacts with the measurand inside or outside of the optical fiber. They have a wide range of applications in areas such as temperature, chemical concentration, strain, biomedical, and more. The presentation concludes that optical sensor technology will continue to improve and be an important area of research going forward.
دليل عملي شامل لأنظمة الطاقة الشمسية
تلخيص
محمد ابو حطب
كتبه الكترونياً ونقحه بالعربية
تسنيم ابو صالح
عبد الغني الحتو
طارق العربي
اسلام ابو شمالة
اشراف
أشرف سعيد المدهون
This document provides an introduction to solar energy systems, including their components and operation. It discusses the basic concepts of electricity, types of electrical circuits and networks. It also covers solar energy applications and the reasons for using renewable energy sources. The main types of solar energy systems - off-grid, on-grid, and hybrid - are described. The key components of solar arrays such as photovoltaic cells, panels, and mounting structures are explained. Batteries, charge controllers, and inverters are also outlined as important parts of solar systems.
The PIC Microcontroller is an electronic device that is easy-to-use in both hardware and software. Sensing the environment by receiving inputs from many sensors, PIC Microcontroller affects its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and a number of other accessories. It's intended for anyone making interactive hardware projects by connecting it with a power source, few leds and resistors.
This course is designed to introduce the PIC Microcontroller hardware and programming environment to get you started on building projects as soon as possible.
Unleash Your Inner Hero With this Course
-PIC Microcontroller Inner structure and Programming Introduction
-Leds, Resistors and Pushbuttons
-LCD Screens and Seven Segment Displays
-Motor and Keypad.
-DIY Projects and Quick Tips
A Tool for Creating Any Device Imaginable become a favorite of electronic Students and anyone interested in Device manufacturing because of their ease of use and extremely low cost.
Example projects include Ardupilot, a UAV platform able to control aerial drones.
Contents and Overview This course is designed for anyone interested in learning electronic design. No experience is required, and all you need is PIC Microcontroller and several low cost components.
With hours of content in many lectures, this course will take you from zero experience in electronics or programming to PIC Microcontroller Master.
Limited time offer
50% off
Join Today:https://goo.gl/WQIFNY
Fibre optic pressure and temperature sensorI'am Ajas
This document describes a fibre optic sensor for measuring pressure and temperature in geothermal wells. The sensor uses an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer to measure pressure and a fibre Bragg grating to measure temperature. It was tested under simulated wellbore conditions and demonstrated the ability to accurately measure both pressure and temperature. The sensor provides a simple, miniature, and robust solution for downhole monitoring in geothermal applications.
This document provides an overview of optical fiber communication. It begins with introducing optical fibers and how they guide light through total internal reflection. It then describes the different types of optical fibers, including step index and graded index fibers. The key elements of an optical fiber communication system are presented, along with the benefits such as high bandwidth, low loss, and electrical isolation. Applications include telecommunications networks, computing, and military systems. In conclusion, while optical fibers have some disadvantages, they have revolutionized communications due to their wide bandwidth and low transmission losses.
The document describes a fiber optic guitar, which uses optical fibers instead of metal strings. It discusses the history of the invention by George Bowley, the concept of using optical fibers that vibrate like strings, and the construction of prototypes. Some advantages are the elimination of electrical noise, increased frequency response, and resistance to corrosion. Disadvantages include differences in the feel of the strings and bending mechanics compared to traditional guitars.
Distance sensors can be either long or short distance and work using echo location techniques like Doppler effect to detect objects. They emit an ultrasonic signal that bounces off a surface and is reflected back to the sensor, allowing the sensor to calculate the distance to the object by measuring the time between emission and reception of the echo. Common uses of distance sensors include air traffic control and car detection systems.
أساسيات الحساسات والإشارة التماثلية في الأردوينو لليافعينWikilogia
عرض تقديمي لتوضيح استخدام الحساسات والتعامل مع الإشارات التماثلية باستخدام الأردوينو مع تطبيقات بسيطة لذلك.
تم استخدام هذه الشرائح في نشاط اليافعين الذي جرى في هاكرسبيس ويكيلوجيا في الفترة 14-25 تموز 2013
لمزيد من المعلومات:
http://wiki.wikilogians.org/wiki/أرشيف_أنشطة_الهاكرسبيس/رمضان_اليافعين
This document discusses biomedical sensors that use optical fibers. It introduces fiber optic sensors and their advantages, such as flexibility, lightness, safety, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. It then describes several specific fiber optic sensors: a pressure sensor that uses a Fabry-Perot cavity, temperature sensors that use phase interference or fiber deformation, and a blood flow sensor that uses laser Doppler flowmetry. Commercially available products are provided as examples for the pressure, temperature, and blood flow sensors. The document concludes that fiber optic sensors are well-suited for a variety of medical measurements due to their low cost, ease of use, and performance comparable to electric sensors.
Smart IR temperature sensors integrate sensors and circuits to process environmental information without human interference. The new smart sensors are the smallest available, allowing remote control and monitoring from a computer. They work by measuring infrared radiation between 0.7-14 microns, which corresponds to object temperatures. Digital electronics and software provide fast response, remote setup and calibration, and additional functionality. As an example, a smart IR sensor can control a space heater based on the actual temperature of the area being heated rather than just the heater itself, improving safety and efficiency.
Three uses for Hi ISO you might not know استخدامات لحساسية الضوء العالية قد ل...Abdullah Muhammad
The content of this presentation is translated from this page:
http://digital-photography-school.com/three-uses-for-high-iso-you-might-not-know/
تستخدم إعدادات حساسية الضوء في الكاميرا للتحكم في مقدار تحسس الكاميرا للضوء. عندما تستخدم قيم عالية لحساسية الضوء، أنت تخبر الكاميرا بأن تكون حساسة أكثر للضوء.تقوم بذلك غالباً عند التصوير في ظروف إضاءة منخفضة، بهدف تحقيق تعريض صحيح.
لكن هناك استخدامات أخرى ...
The document discusses smart sensors, providing details on their architecture, fabrication, advantages, disadvantages and applications. Some key points:
- Smart sensors integrate a sensor, analog/digital converter, processor and communication interface on a single chip, allowing them to process and communicate sensor data.
- The basic architecture includes a sensing element, amplifier, ADC, memory, processor and communication components. Fabrication uses techniques like micro-machining and bonding.
- Advantages are reduced system load and faster operation. Applications include industrial monitoring, automotive controls, biomedical devices, and smart dust networks of tiny sensors. Disadvantages include higher initial costs and issues with mixing old and new devices.
This document discusses smart sensors and intelligent sensors. It defines smart sensors as sensors combined with interfacing circuits that allow two-way communication and decision making. Intelligent sensors are an evolution of smart sensors that add data processing, reconfigurability, and the ability to aggregate data from other sensors. The document outlines the architecture and generations of smart sensors from early devices with just sensor elements to current ones with memory, digital intelligence, and integrated analog-to-digital conversion. It provides examples of smart sensor applications and discusses their advantages of being more reliable and scalable while also having higher complexity and cost compared to simple sensors.
This presentation provides an overview of optical sensors, including their introduction, working principles, classification, applications, and future trends. Optical sensors are classified as either extrinsic or intrinsic based on whether the light interacts with the measurand inside or outside of the optical fiber. They have a wide range of applications in areas such as temperature, chemical concentration, strain, biomedical, and more. The presentation concludes that optical sensor technology will continue to improve and be an important area of research going forward.
دليل عملي شامل لأنظمة الطاقة الشمسية
تلخيص
محمد ابو حطب
كتبه الكترونياً ونقحه بالعربية
تسنيم ابو صالح
عبد الغني الحتو
طارق العربي
اسلام ابو شمالة
اشراف
أشرف سعيد المدهون
This document provides an introduction to solar energy systems, including their components and operation. It discusses the basic concepts of electricity, types of electrical circuits and networks. It also covers solar energy applications and the reasons for using renewable energy sources. The main types of solar energy systems - off-grid, on-grid, and hybrid - are described. The key components of solar arrays such as photovoltaic cells, panels, and mounting structures are explained. Batteries, charge controllers, and inverters are also outlined as important parts of solar systems.
The PIC Microcontroller is an electronic device that is easy-to-use in both hardware and software. Sensing the environment by receiving inputs from many sensors, PIC Microcontroller affects its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and a number of other accessories. It's intended for anyone making interactive hardware projects by connecting it with a power source, few leds and resistors.
This course is designed to introduce the PIC Microcontroller hardware and programming environment to get you started on building projects as soon as possible.
Unleash Your Inner Hero With this Course
-PIC Microcontroller Inner structure and Programming Introduction
-Leds, Resistors and Pushbuttons
-LCD Screens and Seven Segment Displays
-Motor and Keypad.
-DIY Projects and Quick Tips
A Tool for Creating Any Device Imaginable become a favorite of electronic Students and anyone interested in Device manufacturing because of their ease of use and extremely low cost.
Example projects include Ardupilot, a UAV platform able to control aerial drones.
Contents and Overview This course is designed for anyone interested in learning electronic design. No experience is required, and all you need is PIC Microcontroller and several low cost components.
With hours of content in many lectures, this course will take you from zero experience in electronics or programming to PIC Microcontroller Master.
Limited time offer
50% off
Join Today:https://goo.gl/WQIFNY
whats new that microsoft offer in IE 9 Beta 1, by Eng.A.S.M -Ashrad Said El-Madhoun- slideshow internet explorer 9 beta 1 whats new that microsoft offers in it ?!
More from Ashraf Said AlMadhoun - Educational Engineering Team (9)
2. CCD جهاز اقران الشحنات
من اسهل )Charge - Coupled-Device)
المجسات الضوئية صنعاً وله حساسية قوية
للضوء حيث ترتب في مصفوفات على لوائح
موزعة توزيعا سطريا
3. تركيبه :-
يتكون من مصوفات من ثنائي ضوئي على
شكل مربعات او مستطيلات يبلغ طول كل
منها من 1.4 ميكرومتر الى 20 ميكرومتر
تسمى بكسل وكلما زادت مساحة البكسل
زادت حساسيته للضوء لكن يقل تباين الصورة
4. البنية:-
)معدن_ عازل – شبه موصل ( يوجد على
شبه الموصل المدعم بشوائب طبقة
عازلة وتغطيها طبقة من موصل كهربائي
شفاف )اقطاب( توجد بين البكسل
والبكسل
5. طريقة عمله :-
ينقل الضوء الساقط عن طريق التأثير
الكهروضوئى الداخلى طاقته الى الالكترونات
في شبه الموصل وتنشأ عن هذا التاثير
الكترونات حرة سالبة وفجوات موجبة تبقى
معزولة عن بعضها البعض بسبب تاثير جهد
كهربي يمنعها من الاتحاد . لكن لا تخرج
الشحنات الى الخارج وانما تتجمع في خلية
تخزن فيها تسمى بئر الجهد . تتناسب كمية
الشحنات مع كمية الضوء الساقط على
CCD
6. بعد تمام التصوير تنتقل الشحنات الواحدة تلو الأخرى
كالسلسلة إلى مضخم إلكتروني يقوم بقراءتها .
تتكون نبضات كهربية تتناسب في جهدها مع عدد
الشحنات وبالتالي تتناسب مع كمية الضوء التي
سقطت على وحدات المجس.
نبضات الجهد الخارجة من المجس تكون متتالية . أي
أن شحنة كل بكسل تخرج متتالية ، بينما التقطت
الصورة في نفس الوقت حيث سجلت جميع
البكسلات الضوء الساقط عليها .
7.
8. نقل الشحنات :-
اثناء عملية نقل الشحنات لصورة لا يمكن التقاط
صورة جديدة . حتى لا تشوش صورة على اخرى
وقد ابتكرت عدة انظمة لحل هذه المشكلة
Full-Frame (FF ( 1 سي سي دي كامل الصورة
Frame-Transfer (FT ( 2 سي سي دي ناقل الصورة
Interline- ( 3 سي سي دي ناقل أسطر جانبية
Transfer (IT
4 سي سي دي ناقل الصورة والأسطر الجانبية)
Frame-Interline-Transfer-CCD (FIT
9. Full-Frame ( سي سي دي كامل الصورة
(FF
هذا يمثل أسهل الحلول لمسألة نقل
الشحنات ، وهي طريقة تمنع من دخول ضوء
جديد إلى المجس أثناء عملية قراءة النبضات
، وهي تستخدم غالق ميكانيكي يمنع التقاط
صورة جديدة أثناء النقل . هذا الغالق
الميكانيكي نعرفه من الكاميرات المعتادة
أيضا.
10. Frame-Transfer (FT ( سي سي دي ناقل الصورة
تنتقل الشحنات المخزونة الخاصة بالصورة في
Frame- ( " "الس يسدي ناقل الصورة
بعد التقاط الصورة Transfer-CCD (FT-CCD
مباشرة ، تنتقل إلي منطقة مظلمة من شريحة
السي سي دي . وتتم بعد ذلك قراءة الصورة
المسجلة سطرا ة تلو السطر . لذلك يجب أن
يكون زمن نقل أو إزاحة الصورة أقصر كثيرا من
وقت التقاط الصورة حتى لا يحدث خلط بين
نبضات الصورة الأولى مع الصورة التالية.
11. سي سي دي ناقل أسطر جانبية
Interline-Transfer (IT (
IT-CCD في نوع سي سي دي ناقل الاسطر الجانبية
يزاح كل بكسل جانبيا إلى خلية تخزين جانبية مغطاة
)مظلمة ( ، وتتم تلك العملية لجميع البكسلات في
نفس الوقت.
تنتقل أولا الشحنات إلى الصفوف المظلمة )فيما يسمى
"مصفوف النقل "( ومنه إلى المضخم والقاريء . وإذا
استخدم غالق ميكانيكي فيمكن ضبط وقت التقات
الصورة إلكترونيا خلال تفريغ البكسلات بعد التقاط صورة
إلى مصفوف النقل . بذلك يصبح من الممكن التصوير
خلال أوقات قصيرة جدا لالتقاط الصور
12.
13. سي سي دي و سيموس
تستخدم منذ عام 2009 في التصوير مجسات
سيموس )وهي مجسات بكسل نشط( إلى
جانب مجسات سي سي دي . ولكن بعد
تحسن صناعة وأداء السيموس فقد تفوق
على السي سي دي في مجال الكاميرات
الرقمية ذات المرآة العاكسة . وتطهر هنا
ميزات السيموسمع تساوي جودة الصور فهو
يقوم بقراءة النبضات وشوشرة أقل .
14. خصائص مجسات السيموس مكنتها من
منافسة متحسسات السيسيدي :
تكاليف صناعتها المنخفضة
التطور من ناحية دقة صنعها بسبب إنتاجها
بالجملة
استهلاك طاقة اقل
وسيلة تصغيرها حتى 0,15 مايكرومتر في عام
2005
تعدد استخدامها
سرعة قراءتها أكبر
حساسيتها اقل للغبار