This document compares and contrasts aspects of culture in Finland and Nigeria based on several frameworks:
1. Hofstede's cultural dimensions - It analyzes the two countries on power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long vs short-term orientation.
2. Parsons' cultural dimensions - It examines universalism vs particularism, individualism vs communitarianism, neutral vs emotional, specific vs diffuse, and achievement vs ascription.
3. Elements of culture - It provides details on behaviors, language, greetings, religion, and other cultural factors in Finland and Nigeria.
Created by Aditi Shrivastava, Aditya Malviya, Aditya Rana, Akshat Saxena . Students of UIT RGPV CSE - A 2014 Group 2. Cross Cultural Communication and barrier to efective communication.
Cross cultural management involves managing work teams in ways that considers the differences in cultures, practices and preferences of consumers in a global or international business context. Many businesses have to learn to modify or adapt their approaches in order to compete on a level in fields no longer bound by physical geography with online interactions more common in business and other situations.
Collectivistic cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and wishes of each individual.
In this cultures under mentioned play a central role in each person's identity.
relationships with other members of the group and
the interconnectedness between people
Cultures in Asia, Central America, South America and Africa tend to be more collectivistic.
A few common traits of collectivistic cultures include:
Social rules focus on
promoting selflessness and
putting the community needs ahead of individual needs
Working as a group and supporting others is essential
People are encouraged to do what's best for society
Families and communities have a central role
In collectivistic cultures, people are considered "good" if they are
generous,
helpful,
dependable, and
attentive to the needs of others.
Contents
Introduction
Meaning and definitions of business ethics
Sources of business ethics
Characteristics of business ethics
Importance
Principles of business ethics
Introduction
Business is a part of society and its functions in the society.
It is the application of ethics to business.
It is the study of good and evil, right or wrong and just and unjust actions of businessmen.
Every business should be guided by ethics.
Ethics helps to survive and succeed their ventures.
Meaning and definition
It refers to the “moral principles which are considered right by the society.
It is the study of morality.
These are the moral principles and rules of conduct which govern and guide the activities of business.
According to David Fritzsche, “it is the process of evaluating decisions, either pre or post, with respect to the moral standards of society’s culture”.
The institute of global ethics defines, “the term ethics as obedience to the unforceable”.
Sources of business ethics
Religion
Culture experience
Legal system
Characteristics/features of business ethics
!! : Please download the PowerPoint file, because there are some animations (particularly for the second-to-last slide which you would not understand without the animations).
Content: Explanation of the concept of Power Distance introduced by Geert Hofstede.
Created by Aditi Shrivastava, Aditya Malviya, Aditya Rana, Akshat Saxena . Students of UIT RGPV CSE - A 2014 Group 2. Cross Cultural Communication and barrier to efective communication.
Cross cultural management involves managing work teams in ways that considers the differences in cultures, practices and preferences of consumers in a global or international business context. Many businesses have to learn to modify or adapt their approaches in order to compete on a level in fields no longer bound by physical geography with online interactions more common in business and other situations.
Collectivistic cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and wishes of each individual.
In this cultures under mentioned play a central role in each person's identity.
relationships with other members of the group and
the interconnectedness between people
Cultures in Asia, Central America, South America and Africa tend to be more collectivistic.
A few common traits of collectivistic cultures include:
Social rules focus on
promoting selflessness and
putting the community needs ahead of individual needs
Working as a group and supporting others is essential
People are encouraged to do what's best for society
Families and communities have a central role
In collectivistic cultures, people are considered "good" if they are
generous,
helpful,
dependable, and
attentive to the needs of others.
Contents
Introduction
Meaning and definitions of business ethics
Sources of business ethics
Characteristics of business ethics
Importance
Principles of business ethics
Introduction
Business is a part of society and its functions in the society.
It is the application of ethics to business.
It is the study of good and evil, right or wrong and just and unjust actions of businessmen.
Every business should be guided by ethics.
Ethics helps to survive and succeed their ventures.
Meaning and definition
It refers to the “moral principles which are considered right by the society.
It is the study of morality.
These are the moral principles and rules of conduct which govern and guide the activities of business.
According to David Fritzsche, “it is the process of evaluating decisions, either pre or post, with respect to the moral standards of society’s culture”.
The institute of global ethics defines, “the term ethics as obedience to the unforceable”.
Sources of business ethics
Religion
Culture experience
Legal system
Characteristics/features of business ethics
!! : Please download the PowerPoint file, because there are some animations (particularly for the second-to-last slide which you would not understand without the animations).
Content: Explanation of the concept of Power Distance introduced by Geert Hofstede.
If you are a lover of African art, then you should explore the Nigerian fashion and culture. You can find Aso Ebi fabrics and experience the joy at a wedding ceremony or any other social event.
We are a young, dynamic and growing nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside the ugly part of our history, consolidate on the gains of our past in the present and forge ahead for our remarkable future as a nation unto true nationhood. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
Global Marketing Chapter 3 : Cultural Foundations [Elegant (V)]Md. Abdur Rakib
The report include the last part Chapter 3: Cultural Foundations from Global Marketing Book by Jhonny K. Johansson. Global culture, culture across countries,global culture,global marketing,meaning of culture,self-reference criterion,silent language,SRC are the discussion topic
Cross Cultural Communications, 2014 CreditScape, Western Region Credit Conference Seminar Slide Deck, sponsored by Credit Management Association. More information: www.creditmanagementassociation.org
Filipino Values
*Meaning and Nature of Values
*Roots Of the Filipino Character
*Strengths and Weaknesses of the Filipino Character
*The Filipino Cultural Values
When it comes to finding the 'ideal' job, determining your personality profile can go a long way in helping you to find exactly what is 'ideal'.
Not sure what your personality preferences are? Book in for a session with a career consultant – it will be one of the most enjoyable and useful interactions of your professional life.
For those who know their profile - here is the next Infographic in our series on MBTI personality profiles. If you are an INFP you may enjoy finding out just what it is that makes you tick in the world of work and what careers you are best suited to.
X-cultural Communication 5: Doing Business Across CulturesHarald Felgner, PhD
X-cultural Communication as presented at the University of Applied Sciences/ Communication Design faculty in Constance between 2004 and 2008.
Doing business across cultures.
According to Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner, Riding the Waves of Culture, 2007.
3. • Hofstede’s dimensions are
1. Power distance
2. Individualism versus collectivism
3. Masculinity versus femininity
4. Uncertainty avoidance
5. Long-term versus short-term orientation
4. FINLAND NIGERIA
POWER DISTANCE Being independent, hierarchy for People accept hierarchical order
convenience, equal rights, superiors which everybody has place and needs
accessible, coaching leader, management no further justification.Hiererchy in
facilitates and empowers. Power is organization is reflecting inherent
decentralized. Employees expect to be inequalities,centralization is
consulted. popular.Ideal boss is benevolent
Control is disliked and attitude towards autocrat.
managers are informal.
INDIVIDUALISIM / Individualistic society. Collecivist society.Extended familly
High preference for a loosely-knit social and relationship.Loyalty is important
COLLECTIVISM framework in which individuals are and over-rides other societal rules and
expected to take care of themselves and regulations.Everyone takes
their immediate families only. Offence responsibility for fellow members of
causes guilt and a loss of self-esteem.The their group.Offence leads to shame
employer/employee relationship is a and loss of face.Employer/employee
contract based on mutual relationships are perceived in moral
advantage, hiring and promotion decisions terms (like a family link), hiring and
are supposed to be based on merit promotion decisions take account of
only, management is the management of the employee’s in-
individuals. group, management is the
management of groups.
MASCULINITY / Feminine society.Working in order to Masculine society.People live to work.
live.managers strive for consensus, people Managers are expected to be decisive
FEMININTY value equality, solidarity and quality in and assertive, the emphasis is on
their working lives. Conflicts are resolved equity, competition and performance
by compromise and negotiation.Effective and conflicts are resolved by fighting
manager is supportive.Decision making them out.
with involvement.
5. FINLAND NIGERIA
UNCERTAINITY AVOIDANCE Medium high prefernce for Preference for avoiding
uncertainity avoidance. uncertainity.
Maintaining rigid codes of belief Same with Finland.
and behaviour and are intolerant
of unorthodox behaviour and
ideas.People have an inner urge to
be busy and work hard, precision
and punctuality are the norm,
innovation may be resisted,
security is an important element in
individual motivation.
LONG /SHORT TERM Short term orientation culture. Short term orientation culture.
exhibits great respect for Same with Finland.
ORIENTATION traditions, a relatively small
propensity to save.Strong concern
with establishing the Truth i.e.
normative.
6. • Layers of culture for Finland(outer-middle-inner layer)
• Finland
Behavior:Talk in moderate tones and do not do anything to call attention to yourself.
Serial conversation is the rule - i.e. listen to the speaker, wait for them to finish and
then reply. Interrupting is rude.Food/Eating:Finnish cuisine has western European,
Scandinavian and Russian elements. Lunch is between 11.00 and 13.00.Evening meals
at home are 17.00-18.00.Meal concludes with coffee. Language:Finnish is main
language but also they know Swedish,all traffic signs have Finnish and Swedish
explanation. English is widely spoken in Finland.French, Spanish and Russian are
popular in school and among adults.Greeting:When greeting, the parties shake hands
and make eye contact.Finnish handshake is brief and firm, and involves no supporting
gestures such as touching the shoulder or upper arm.
Finns have a strong sense of national identity.
There is a long tradition of sexual equality in the sense that women's participation in
political activity and public life has been encouraged.
Respecting old people,taking care of poors,disabled people are important.
Most people in Finland are at least nominally members of a Christian church.
7. • Nigeria
The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic Western influences,
especially in urban centers, have transformed Nigerian eating habits in many ways.
People are familiar with the canned, frozen, and prepackaged foods found in most
Western-style supermarkets. Foreign restaurants also are common in larger cities.
Food in Nigeria is traditionally eaten by hand. However, with the growing influence
of Western culture, forks and spoons are becoming more common. groups.
Soccer is extremely popular among the youth. The music of Nigeria includes many
kinds of folk and popular music.
Men are dominant over women in all areas. A handshake and a long list of well
wishes for a counterpart's family and good health are expected when meeting
someone. Shaking hands, eating, or passing things with the left hand are
unacceptable. The left hand is reserved for personal toiletries and is considered
dirty. It is estimated that 50 percent of Nigerians are Muslim, 40 percent are
Christian, and the remaining 10 percent practice various indigenous religions.
8. • Parson’s Dimension
1. Universalism versus Particularism
2. Individualism versus Communitarianism
3. Neutral versus Emotional
4. Specific versus Diffuse
5. Achievement versus Ascription
9. FINLAND NIGERIA
Universalism versus Particularism Finland has universalist culture. Nigeria has particularist culture.
Believing ideas and practices can be Legal contracts aare modified.People get
applied everywhere without to know each other better.People
modification.Focusing on more change the way in which deals are
formal rules than relationships. executed.
Individualism versus They have individualistic culture. They have communitarianist culture.
Communitarianism
Neutral versus Emotional They have emotional culture. Nigeria has more emotional culture than
Finland.Smile a great deal, talk loudly
when they are excited, and greet each
other with a great deal of enthusiasm.
Specific versus Diffuse Finland has diffuse culture. Nigeria has more diffuse culture than
individuals guard their public space Finland.
carefully. People are notquickly
invited into a person’s open, public
space. Individuals in these cultures
often appear to be indirect and
introverted, and work.
Achievement versus Ascription Finland has achievement culture. Nigeria has ascription culture. based on
Finnish culture gives high status to age, gender,or social connections. For
high achievers,such as the example, in an ascription culture, a
company’s number-one person who has been with the company
salesperson. for 40 years may be listened to carefully
because of the respect that others
havefor the individual’s age and
longevity with the firm.