Unbound granular materials that are used at base layer of flexible pavement
cannot resist tensile forces. These materials are called no-tension materials.
In this paper, a modified strain-energy function was used to describe the
constitutive behavior of granular materials to simulate flexible pavement
within the finite element framework CAPA3D .The constitutive model was
defined such that the positive stresses in principal directions were zero.
Comparisons between the no-tension materials and linear elastic materials for
different boundary conditions and geometries were presented in this paper.
The results of FE analysis show that effect of using no-tension model for base
layer on pavement performance is significant. The deformation at top and
horizontal strain at the bottom of asphalt concrete layer are higher when the
no-tension model is used.
This document summarizes the verification of a CAD model of a simple bracket sheet metal model through finite element analysis. It describes the objectives, CAD model, manufacturing sheet, FEA model, basic analysis methods, loading conditions, material properties, results, and conclusions. The analysis methods include static analysis with distributed loads in different directions. The results show the reaction forces, displacements, and von Mises stresses for each loading condition. The overall goal is to verify analytical skills using CAD/CAE tools to analyze the bracket design.
The Function Of Stress In The Workplace One Hourtipsonxl
The document discusses the functions and impacts of stress in the workplace. It notes that stress can lead to accidents, absenteeism, employee turnover, and diminished productivity, costing organizations $300 billion annually. Both organizational and individual factors contribute to stress. The source and response to stressors is learned, so stress can be managed by learning coping strategies like improving time management, communication, and seeking social support. Effective stress management requires efforts at both the individual and organizational level.
The document discusses different stress and failure criteria used to analyze materials. It describes the Tresca, Von Mises, and Rankine criteria, which use maximum shear stress, equivalent deviatoric strain energy, and limits on principal stresses respectively to determine failure. The Von Mises criterion applies best to isotropic ductile metals, while Tresca and Rankine criteria can also be used for such materials. Rankine is more suitable for low-cohesion materials like ceramics. The appropriate criterion depends on the material properties.
The document is a thesis presentation on harvesting energy from an electrostrictive polymer composite. It includes:
1) An introduction to energy harvesting and a comparison of energy sources. Vibration energy harvesting using smart materials like piezoelectric and electrostrictive polymers is discussed.
2) An experiment investigating the effect of strain amplitude and operating frequency on the harvested current of an electrostrictive polymer composite film. Results show current increased with higher frequency and strain.
3) A conclusion that the electrical efficiency increases with strain and reaches a maximum of 51% at a strain of 4% and frequency of 6Hz for an electric field of 13V/μm. Higher frequency and strain lead to more harvested current.
The document discusses various network topologies. It introduces network topology as the arrangement of links, nodes, and other elements in a computer or biological network. It then describes five common network topologies: bus, ring, star, tree, and mesh. For each topology, it provides a brief explanation of the network structure and flow of data. The document aims to present the different types of network topology.
This experiment investigates Hooke's Law, which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (Δx) is proportional to that distance. Specifically, F = kΔx, where k is a constant called the spring constant. The experiment involves measuring the position (x) of a spring when hung with different masses (m). This allows the calculation of the force due to gravity (Fg) and the stretching distance (Δx). Plotting Fg versus Δx should produce a straight line, verifying the proportional relationship between force and distance. The slope of the line gives the value of k, the spring constant. A second method will also be used to independently determine k to
Topology refers to the spatial relationships between GIS features or objects. It is important for network routing and maintaining data quality and integrity when features are shared across layers. Geodatabases provide the strongest topological functionality, storing relationships in topology rules and feature classes. The node-arc data model represents the most common topology, with nodes at intersections and endpoints and arcs between nodes forming polygons. Topology allows for analysis without coordinate data but establishing topology is time-consuming.
This document summarizes the verification of a CAD model of a simple bracket sheet metal model through finite element analysis. It describes the objectives, CAD model, manufacturing sheet, FEA model, basic analysis methods, loading conditions, material properties, results, and conclusions. The analysis methods include static analysis with distributed loads in different directions. The results show the reaction forces, displacements, and von Mises stresses for each loading condition. The overall goal is to verify analytical skills using CAD/CAE tools to analyze the bracket design.
The Function Of Stress In The Workplace One Hourtipsonxl
The document discusses the functions and impacts of stress in the workplace. It notes that stress can lead to accidents, absenteeism, employee turnover, and diminished productivity, costing organizations $300 billion annually. Both organizational and individual factors contribute to stress. The source and response to stressors is learned, so stress can be managed by learning coping strategies like improving time management, communication, and seeking social support. Effective stress management requires efforts at both the individual and organizational level.
The document discusses different stress and failure criteria used to analyze materials. It describes the Tresca, Von Mises, and Rankine criteria, which use maximum shear stress, equivalent deviatoric strain energy, and limits on principal stresses respectively to determine failure. The Von Mises criterion applies best to isotropic ductile metals, while Tresca and Rankine criteria can also be used for such materials. Rankine is more suitable for low-cohesion materials like ceramics. The appropriate criterion depends on the material properties.
The document is a thesis presentation on harvesting energy from an electrostrictive polymer composite. It includes:
1) An introduction to energy harvesting and a comparison of energy sources. Vibration energy harvesting using smart materials like piezoelectric and electrostrictive polymers is discussed.
2) An experiment investigating the effect of strain amplitude and operating frequency on the harvested current of an electrostrictive polymer composite film. Results show current increased with higher frequency and strain.
3) A conclusion that the electrical efficiency increases with strain and reaches a maximum of 51% at a strain of 4% and frequency of 6Hz for an electric field of 13V/μm. Higher frequency and strain lead to more harvested current.
The document discusses various network topologies. It introduces network topology as the arrangement of links, nodes, and other elements in a computer or biological network. It then describes five common network topologies: bus, ring, star, tree, and mesh. For each topology, it provides a brief explanation of the network structure and flow of data. The document aims to present the different types of network topology.
This experiment investigates Hooke's Law, which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (Δx) is proportional to that distance. Specifically, F = kΔx, where k is a constant called the spring constant. The experiment involves measuring the position (x) of a spring when hung with different masses (m). This allows the calculation of the force due to gravity (Fg) and the stretching distance (Δx). Plotting Fg versus Δx should produce a straight line, verifying the proportional relationship between force and distance. The slope of the line gives the value of k, the spring constant. A second method will also be used to independently determine k to
Topology refers to the spatial relationships between GIS features or objects. It is important for network routing and maintaining data quality and integrity when features are shared across layers. Geodatabases provide the strongest topological functionality, storing relationships in topology rules and feature classes. The node-arc data model represents the most common topology, with nodes at intersections and endpoints and arcs between nodes forming polygons. Topology allows for analysis without coordinate data but establishing topology is time-consuming.
Topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a computer network.
In communication networks, a topology is a usually schematic description of the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines.
A computer network is made of computers which are linked to one another with communication lines (network cables, etc.) and hardware elements (network adapters, as well as other equipment for ensuring that data travels correctly.
Physics Chapter 4 work, energy, and power By:Ryan, Grade 11luthor101
This document defines and explains various physics concepts related to work, energy, forces, moments, equilibrium, and centers of gravity. Key points covered include definitions of work, potential and kinetic energy, efficiency, Hooke's law, stress and strain, Young's modulus, power, torque, couples, and conditions for rotational and translational equilibrium.
The document discusses different network topologies including single node, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid. It explains the physical structure and data transmission process of each topology. Some topologies like star and bus are easier to install and manage while others like mesh provide improved fault tolerance. The document also provides examples of using different topologies like a star topology in one department and ring topology in another of a company.
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 2-chap-1 elasticityRai University
Elastic and plastic deformation are described. Elastic deformation is reversible and no permanent change occurs. Plastic deformation results in a permanent change in shape as interatomic bonds are broken. Stress is defined as force over area, and strain as the ratio of deformation to original length. Hooke's law states that stress is proportional to strain within the elastic limit. The elastic moduli - Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus - are defined relating stress and strain. Poisson's ratio describes the lateral contraction that occurs during stretching. Examples show calculations of stress, strain, and dimensions based on given loads and properties.
InterTech is a Saint Petersburg based civil engineering companyMaxim Gavrik
InterTech is a Saint Petersburg based civil engineering company, which provides a full range of services for design, construction, installation, commissioning and start-up of the MEP systems in the buildings and structures under industrial, commercial and civil construction.
Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in factors like price. Price elasticity of demand measures how much quantity demanded changes with price changes. Demand can be elastic, inelastic, unit elastic, perfectly elastic, or perfectly inelastic depending on its elasticity value. Price elasticity of supply also measures how quantity supplied responds to price changes. Supply can be inelastic, unit elastic, elastic, perfectly inelastic, or perfectly elastic. Income elasticity measures responsiveness of demand to income changes.
This document defines and describes various mechanical properties of materials including elasticity, plasticity, rigidity, stress, strain, and Hooke's law. It then defines and gives equations for three types of stress (tensile, volume, and shear) and three types of strain (tensile, volume, and shear). Finally, it defines three elastic constants (Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity), Poisson's ratio, and provides the process for determining Young's modulus of the material of a wire.
The document discusses Hooke's law and moments in physics. It explains that Hooke's law states that the extension of an object is proportional to the applied load as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded. It also defines the terms elasticity, plasticity, extension, and elastic limit. Additionally, it covers the turning effect of forces, or moments, and defines key terms related to moments like pivot, moment equation, and principle of moments.
The document discusses the concept of price elasticity of demand in microeconomics. It defines price elasticity of demand and explains the five types: unit elasticity, more elastic, more inelastic, perfectly inelastic, and perfectly elastic. For each type, it provides an example and calculation to illustrate how price elasticity is measured using the percentage change in price and quantity demanded. Factors that can influence a good's price elasticity are also outlined.
The document discusses shear strength of soils. It describes how soils fail in shear when the shear stress along the failure surface reaches the shear strength. It then covers the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and how it relates the shear strength of a soil to the normal stress and shear stress parameters c, φ. Laboratory tests like direct shear tests and triaxial tests are used to determine the shear strength parameters from soil specimens.
This document provides an overview of basic physics concepts including SI units, derived units, states of matter, atomic structure, molecules, chemical compounds, mechanics, and properties of matter. It defines basic and derived SI units such as meters, kilograms, seconds, square meters, cubic meters. It describes the three states of matter and phase changes between states. Atomic structure is explained including subatomic particles, isotopes, and relative atomic mass. Chemical bonds and molecules are defined. Mechanics concepts covered include Newton's laws of motion, forces, moments, center of gravity, stress, strain and material properties.
Elasticity measures how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions, allowing for more precise analysis of supply and demand. Price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded given a percentage change in price. Demand tends to be more elastic for luxuries, over longer time periods, with more substitutes, and in more narrowly defined markets. Elasticity is calculated as the percentage change in quantity divided by the percentage change in price, and the midpoint formula is preferable. Elasticity can fall into ranges from perfectly inelastic to perfectly elastic, depending on how much quantity demanded responds to price changes. The slope of the demand curve is closely related to elasticity.
Elasticity measures how responsive buyers and sellers are to changes in market conditions like price and income. Price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Price elasticity of supply is the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in price. Elasticity analysis can be used to determine how changes in supply or demand will impact market equilibrium and total revenue.
This presentation discusses the use of special stains in histopathology. It begins by introducing routine H&E staining and then describes several common special stains used to diagnose renal diseases, including PAS, silver, and trichrome stains. Specific examples are given of how these stains can highlight different structures in renal conditions like membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and amyloidosis. The goal of special stains is to provide additional diagnostic information beyond routine H&E.
The document discusses different network topologies, including ring, bus, star, and tree. It defines topology as the physical arrangement of connecting computers for networking. Each topology type is then described in 1-2 sentences, noting their basic structure and some advantages and disadvantages. The ring topology has all nodes joined in a ring with no central server, while the bus topology shares a common connecting cable between all nodes. The star topology connects all nodes to a centralized computer, and the tree topology links nodes in stages or phases.
This document discusses stress, strain, elasticity, and material properties related to mechanical deformation. It defines stress as force over area, strain as the ratio of deformation to original length, and introduces Hooke's law which states that stress is proportional to strain for small deformations. Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of stress to strain, providing a measure of material stiffness. Examples are given of the Young's modulus for various common materials like rubber, wood, bone, and steel. Shear stress and modulus are also defined. The document compares tensile and compressive strengths of materials and discusses how arches effectively use compression strengths.
The document discusses innovation vectors and the Global Innovation Map (GIM) framework for guiding innovation efforts. The GIM maps dimensions of innovation and can be used to chart past innovation vectors, evaluate strategies, and optimize the work of innovation. Examples are provided of how the GIM could be applied to analyze different innovation situations, such as an early-stage startup and a startup operating in a mature industry/marketplace.
Two-dimension curvature of a wire: A simple model using shear modulus conceptSparisoma Viridi
Observation of wire bending can give information about shear modulus of the system, A model based on definition of shear modulus is constructed and tested for arbitrary parameters and also for nanowire.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a computer network.
In communication networks, a topology is a usually schematic description of the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines.
A computer network is made of computers which are linked to one another with communication lines (network cables, etc.) and hardware elements (network adapters, as well as other equipment for ensuring that data travels correctly.
Physics Chapter 4 work, energy, and power By:Ryan, Grade 11luthor101
This document defines and explains various physics concepts related to work, energy, forces, moments, equilibrium, and centers of gravity. Key points covered include definitions of work, potential and kinetic energy, efficiency, Hooke's law, stress and strain, Young's modulus, power, torque, couples, and conditions for rotational and translational equilibrium.
The document discusses different network topologies including single node, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid. It explains the physical structure and data transmission process of each topology. Some topologies like star and bus are easier to install and manage while others like mesh provide improved fault tolerance. The document also provides examples of using different topologies like a star topology in one department and ring topology in another of a company.
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 2-chap-1 elasticityRai University
Elastic and plastic deformation are described. Elastic deformation is reversible and no permanent change occurs. Plastic deformation results in a permanent change in shape as interatomic bonds are broken. Stress is defined as force over area, and strain as the ratio of deformation to original length. Hooke's law states that stress is proportional to strain within the elastic limit. The elastic moduli - Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus - are defined relating stress and strain. Poisson's ratio describes the lateral contraction that occurs during stretching. Examples show calculations of stress, strain, and dimensions based on given loads and properties.
InterTech is a Saint Petersburg based civil engineering companyMaxim Gavrik
InterTech is a Saint Petersburg based civil engineering company, which provides a full range of services for design, construction, installation, commissioning and start-up of the MEP systems in the buildings and structures under industrial, commercial and civil construction.
Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in factors like price. Price elasticity of demand measures how much quantity demanded changes with price changes. Demand can be elastic, inelastic, unit elastic, perfectly elastic, or perfectly inelastic depending on its elasticity value. Price elasticity of supply also measures how quantity supplied responds to price changes. Supply can be inelastic, unit elastic, elastic, perfectly inelastic, or perfectly elastic. Income elasticity measures responsiveness of demand to income changes.
This document defines and describes various mechanical properties of materials including elasticity, plasticity, rigidity, stress, strain, and Hooke's law. It then defines and gives equations for three types of stress (tensile, volume, and shear) and three types of strain (tensile, volume, and shear). Finally, it defines three elastic constants (Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity), Poisson's ratio, and provides the process for determining Young's modulus of the material of a wire.
The document discusses Hooke's law and moments in physics. It explains that Hooke's law states that the extension of an object is proportional to the applied load as long as the elastic limit is not exceeded. It also defines the terms elasticity, plasticity, extension, and elastic limit. Additionally, it covers the turning effect of forces, or moments, and defines key terms related to moments like pivot, moment equation, and principle of moments.
The document discusses the concept of price elasticity of demand in microeconomics. It defines price elasticity of demand and explains the five types: unit elasticity, more elastic, more inelastic, perfectly inelastic, and perfectly elastic. For each type, it provides an example and calculation to illustrate how price elasticity is measured using the percentage change in price and quantity demanded. Factors that can influence a good's price elasticity are also outlined.
The document discusses shear strength of soils. It describes how soils fail in shear when the shear stress along the failure surface reaches the shear strength. It then covers the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and how it relates the shear strength of a soil to the normal stress and shear stress parameters c, φ. Laboratory tests like direct shear tests and triaxial tests are used to determine the shear strength parameters from soil specimens.
This document provides an overview of basic physics concepts including SI units, derived units, states of matter, atomic structure, molecules, chemical compounds, mechanics, and properties of matter. It defines basic and derived SI units such as meters, kilograms, seconds, square meters, cubic meters. It describes the three states of matter and phase changes between states. Atomic structure is explained including subatomic particles, isotopes, and relative atomic mass. Chemical bonds and molecules are defined. Mechanics concepts covered include Newton's laws of motion, forces, moments, center of gravity, stress, strain and material properties.
Elasticity measures how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions, allowing for more precise analysis of supply and demand. Price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded given a percentage change in price. Demand tends to be more elastic for luxuries, over longer time periods, with more substitutes, and in more narrowly defined markets. Elasticity is calculated as the percentage change in quantity divided by the percentage change in price, and the midpoint formula is preferable. Elasticity can fall into ranges from perfectly inelastic to perfectly elastic, depending on how much quantity demanded responds to price changes. The slope of the demand curve is closely related to elasticity.
Elasticity measures how responsive buyers and sellers are to changes in market conditions like price and income. Price elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. Price elasticity of supply is the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in price. Elasticity analysis can be used to determine how changes in supply or demand will impact market equilibrium and total revenue.
This presentation discusses the use of special stains in histopathology. It begins by introducing routine H&E staining and then describes several common special stains used to diagnose renal diseases, including PAS, silver, and trichrome stains. Specific examples are given of how these stains can highlight different structures in renal conditions like membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and amyloidosis. The goal of special stains is to provide additional diagnostic information beyond routine H&E.
The document discusses different network topologies, including ring, bus, star, and tree. It defines topology as the physical arrangement of connecting computers for networking. Each topology type is then described in 1-2 sentences, noting their basic structure and some advantages and disadvantages. The ring topology has all nodes joined in a ring with no central server, while the bus topology shares a common connecting cable between all nodes. The star topology connects all nodes to a centralized computer, and the tree topology links nodes in stages or phases.
This document discusses stress, strain, elasticity, and material properties related to mechanical deformation. It defines stress as force over area, strain as the ratio of deformation to original length, and introduces Hooke's law which states that stress is proportional to strain for small deformations. Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of stress to strain, providing a measure of material stiffness. Examples are given of the Young's modulus for various common materials like rubber, wood, bone, and steel. Shear stress and modulus are also defined. The document compares tensile and compressive strengths of materials and discusses how arches effectively use compression strengths.
The document discusses innovation vectors and the Global Innovation Map (GIM) framework for guiding innovation efforts. The GIM maps dimensions of innovation and can be used to chart past innovation vectors, evaluate strategies, and optimize the work of innovation. Examples are provided of how the GIM could be applied to analyze different innovation situations, such as an early-stage startup and a startup operating in a mature industry/marketplace.
Two-dimension curvature of a wire: A simple model using shear modulus conceptSparisoma Viridi
Observation of wire bending can give information about shear modulus of the system, A model based on definition of shear modulus is constructed and tested for arbitrary parameters and also for nanowire.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
This presentation is about Food Delivery Systems and how they are developed using the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and other methods. It explains the steps involved in creating a food delivery app, from planning and designing to testing and launching. The slide also covers different tools and technologies used to make these systems work efficiently.
AI in customer support Use cases solutions development and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
AI in customer support will integrate with emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) to enhance service delivery. AR-enabled smart glasses or VR environments will provide immersive support experiences, allowing customers to visualize solutions, receive step-by-step guidance, and interact with virtual support agents in real-time. These technologies will bridge the gap between physical and digital experiences, offering innovative ways to resolve issues, demonstrate products, and deliver personalized training and support.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/ai-in-customer-support/#How-does-AI-work-in-customer-support
Finite Element Simulation of the Response of No-Tension Materials
1. Finite Element Simulation of
the Response of No-Tension
Materials
Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Delft University of Technology
Section of Pavement Engineering
2. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Simulation
No-Tension
characteristics
of aggregates
No-Tension Materials
Prediction pavement performance
3. Decreasing load-induced stress transferred to subgrade
Providing support for the surface layer
Drainage
Protection subgrade against frost
Unbound aggregates (Base & Subbase Layer)
4. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Unbound aggregates modelling (FEM)
Cross-
anisotropic
Different
Horizontal and
vertical moduli
Not suitable for thin AC layer
Unable to predict the nonlinear &
stress dependent response of
aggregates
Wrong prediction of tensile stresses
at bottom of base layer
Linear isotropic elastic model
Nonlinear Stress dependent
response
Different Horizontal & vertical moduli
Difficulties in determining
anisotropic material properties
Nonlinear cross anisotropic model
No-tension Model
5. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Constitutive Model: Modified Hook’s Law
1D
6. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Principal
Strains
Strain
Constitutive Model: Principal Strains
7. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Constitutive Model: Special Operator
Special
Operator
8. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Constitutive Model: Special Operator
Special
Operator
9. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Constitutive Model: Strain energy function
removal of the stiffness & stress
along
principal tensile strain direction
10. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Principal
Stresses
Stresses
Constitutive Model: Principal Stresses
11. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Tangent Moduli
Constitutive Model: Implementing in FEM
Stresses
FEM
12. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
(a) (b)
Validation of the Model
No-Tension
Hyperelastic
Horizontalstrain
Time (sec)
13. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Tire
Horizontal strain
Compressive strain
AC layer
Base layer
Material Type Model E (MPa) Poisson’s ratio
AC layer Hyperelastic
Material
3500 0.35
Base Hyperelastic
Material
600 0.35
Base No-tension
Material
600 0.35
Results of Flexible Pavement Simulation
14. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Results of Flexible Pavement Simulation
Hyperelastic material No-Tension material
15. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Results: Deflection of AC layer
No-Tension
Hyperelastic
Deflection(mm)
Distance from CL ( mm)
16. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Results: Horizontal Strain (bottom of AC layer)
No-Tension
Hyperelastic
Horizontalstrain
Distance from CL ( mm)
17. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Results: Vertical strain (top of base layer)
No-Tension
Hyperelastic
Verticalstrain
Distance from CL ( mm)
18. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Results: Effect of Poisson’s ratioDeflection(mm)
Distance from CL ( mm)
Poisson’s ratio=0.1
Poisson’s ratio=0.35
Poisson’s ratio=0.45
19. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Results: State of stress (Base Layer)StressinYdirection
Distance from CL ( mm)
No-tension Y=1450 mm
Hyperelastic Y=1450 mm
No-tension Y=1350 mm
Hyperelastic Y=1350 mm
20. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Conclusion
No-Tension Material Model is implemented in FEM.
Effect of using no-tension model for base layer on pavement
performance is significant.
The deformation at top and horizontal strain at bottom of AC
layer are higher when no-tension model is used.
No-Tension Material Model is sensitive to Poisson’s ratio.
21. Alieh Alipour & Tom Scarpas
Delft University of Technology
Section of Pavement Engineering
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Editor's Notes
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A flexible pavement structure is typically composed of several layers of material. Each layer receives the loads from the above layer, spreads them out, then passes on these loads to the next layer below.
Typical flexible pavement structure consists of:
Surface layer. This is the top layer and the layer that comes in contact with traffic.
Base layer. This is the layer directly below the surface course and generally consists of aggregates (either stabilized or unstabilized)
Subbase layer. This is the layer (or layers) under the base layer.
The unbound granular layer serves as major structural component in flexible pavements, especially when the hot mix asphalt (HMA) surface is thin.
Unbound granular materials that are used at base layer of flexible pavement cannot resist tensile forces. these materials are called no-tension materials.
The accurate prediction of pavement performance
Unbound aggregate base is a primary structural layer of a pavement.
The studies show that UAB should be modeled as nonlinear and cross-anisotropic to account for stress sensitivity and the significant differences between vertical and horizontal moduli and Poisson’s ratios.
The advantage of the use of cross-anisotropy for the analysis of unbound granular bases is the drastic reduction of bottom tensile strain predicted by linear elastic analysis based on the assumptions of isotropy.
An alternative to the use of anisotrpic plasticity and nonlinear analysis techniques is the simulation of the low tensile response characteristics of granular materials by means of what is known as no-tension models. The objective of this study is the evaluation of the contribution on the overall pavement response by use of No-tension model.
The perfectly no-tension material model assumes an idealized continuum made up of granules incapable of sustaining any tensile stress between them, while the material can sustain compressive stresses.
Consider a uniaxial compression-tension test in which Hooke’s law describes the uniaxial stress-strain relationship.
Sigma=kepsilon
Consider a case where a displacement (delta l ) is imposed on a grain chain of unbound aggregates.
The constitutive law is adjusted such that in principal space the material does not resist against tension.
A hyperelastic material model is modified such that in compression the material behaves like a normal hyperelastic while in tension the tensile stresses are always zero.
The net effect of above choices is the removal of the stiffness and corresponding stress values along tensile principal strain material directions.
The response of a cube was compared for a no-tension material and hyperelastic material. A linearly increasing uniform pressure with a magnitude of 0,02 Mpa in Y direction and 0,04 Mpa in Z direction was applied on a cube whose faces in the XZ XY and YZ planes were restrained against motion in Y Z and X direction.
The material demonstrates much more flexible response than a standard hyperelastic material.
To understand the effect of granular base simulated as a no-tension material on pavement performance response, a two layer mesh was created and implemented into FE Package. The material properties which were chosen are shown in this table. Lame’s constants are were calculated based on E and Poisson's ratio for the strain energy function and its derivatives. The AC top layer with tickness of 150 mm was simulated as hyperelastic while the second layer was specified in one case as a no-tension material model and in another as hyperelastic.
BC:
The structure was restrained at the bottom of mesh to avoid movement along the X, Y, and Z directions. Furthermore it was restricted on the Y-Z and the Y-X planes to avoid movement along the X and the Z direction.
Load:
The 3 dimensional states of stress over the height of AC and base layer is plotted at the peak load. As it can be seen the pavement deforms more when the base layer is modeled by no-tension model.
This figure shows the pavement surface deflection for 2 different base layer material models. As it is shown, when the material properties are specified as no-tension, the deflection of AC layer is almost 1.3 times higher than the case in which base layer was modelled by a hyperelastic model.
A sensitivity analysis on the effect of Poisson’s ratio on the pavement surface vertical deflection was carried out considering the base layer as a no-tension material. The results are plotted here and it can be seen that as Poisson’s ratio increases, the vertical deflections of the pavement surfaces increases as well.
Here the distribution of compressive stresses at two different depth within the base layer along the horizontal axis are compared for the no-tension and hyperelastic models in presence of only one wheel. It can be seen that the compression stresses in the base layer slightly higher values for the hyperelastic model compared to the no-tension model.