Finding the Endless Frontier: Lessons from Life Sciences for Energy Innovation
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NBEROctober 23, 2009 Washington DC Accelerating Energy Innovation: Lessons from Multiple Sectors Rebecca Henderson and Richard Newell
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Science and Engineering Ethics, Volume 9, Issue 1, 2003 49
Keywords: knowledge economy, corporate funding of academic research, commercial
confidentiality, Foresight Panels, scientific freedom
ABSTRACT: The belief that science is “a driver of growth in the knowledge
economy” has led in recent decades to increasing encouragement by government of the
involvement of industry and of commerce in the sponsorship and direction of research
in universities, and to the increasing influence of industrial representatives on advisory
panels associated with the publicly funded scientific research councils. By extending
the doctrine of commercial confidentiality into university laboratories, inconvenient
findings have been suppressed, and both free endeavour and free speech undermined.
This has narrowed our scientific horizons and compromised government advisors.
It is argued that scientific freedom is a guarantor of our wider liberties. Science,
which tells us who we are and how we can live better, is being distorted so twisting our
understanding of the ways in which we might progress, shutting off alternatives to
existing models of development. Business now stands as a guard dog at the gates of
perception. Only the inquiries which suit its needs are allowed to pass.
Science, the government insists, is “a driver of growth in the knowledge economy”.1 I
don’t think many people would dispute this. Much of our recent economic growth is
the result of high-tech industry, emerging from scientific innovation and discovery.
The conclusions the government draws from this are rather more contestable. If
science is to continue to drive growth, it reasons, then the funding of science must be
tailored to the needs of business. This may, in the short term, be true. But it is surely
obvious that this approach leads to the narrowing of scientific horizons, as researchers
pursue precise technological outcomes, rather than spending decades on the speculative
* More information on the same theme can be found in the author’s book Captive State: the
corporate takeover of Britain. September 2000, Macmillan, London.
This paper was presented at the conference “Corruption of Scientific Integrity?—The
Commercialisation of Academic Science”, The British Academy, 2 May 2001.
Address for correspondence: George Monbiot, 82 Percy Street, Oxford OX4 3AD, UK.
1353-3452 © 2002 Opragen Publications, POB 54, Guildford GU1 2YF, UK. http://www.opragen.co.uk
Guard Dogs of Perception: The Corporate
Takeover of Science*
George Monbiot
G. Monbiot
50 Science and Engineering Ethics, Volume 9, Issue 1, 2003
quests which might lead to major scientific breakthroughs. In the long-term, this
constriction could damage not only scientific success, but also economic
competitiveness.
But for the past ten years, government science policy has steadily de-prioritised
basic research and prioritised commercial imperatives. Many of the profound .
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Science and Engineering Ethics (2003) 9, 49-57Science and .docx
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Science and Engineering Ethics, Volume 9, Issue 1, 2003 49
Keywords: knowledge economy, corporate funding of academic research, commercial
confidentiality, Foresight Panels, scientific freedom
ABSTRACT: The belief that science is “a driver of growth in the knowledge
economy” has led in recent decades to increasing encouragement by government of the
involvement of industry and of commerce in the sponsorship and direction of research
in universities, and to the increasing influence of industrial representatives on advisory
panels associated with the publicly funded scientific research councils. By extending
the doctrine of commercial confidentiality into university laboratories, inconvenient
findings have been suppressed, and both free endeavour and free speech undermined.
This has narrowed our scientific horizons and compromised government advisors.
It is argued that scientific freedom is a guarantor of our wider liberties. Science,
which tells us who we are and how we can live better, is being distorted so twisting our
understanding of the ways in which we might progress, shutting off alternatives to
existing models of development. Business now stands as a guard dog at the gates of
perception. Only the inquiries which suit its needs are allowed to pass.
Science, the government insists, is “a driver of growth in the knowledge economy”.1 I
don’t think many people would dispute this. Much of our recent economic growth is
the result of high-tech industry, emerging from scientific innovation and discovery.
The conclusions the government draws from this are rather more contestable. If
science is to continue to drive growth, it reasons, then the funding of science must be
tailored to the needs of business. This may, in the short term, be true. But it is surely
obvious that this approach leads to the narrowing of scientific horizons, as researchers
pursue precise technological outcomes, rather than spending decades on the speculative
* More information on the same theme can be found in the author’s book Captive State: the
corporate takeover of Britain. September 2000, Macmillan, London.
This paper was presented at the conference “Corruption of Scientific Integrity?—The
Commercialisation of Academic Science”, The British Academy, 2 May 2001.
Address for correspondence: George Monbiot, 82 Percy Street, Oxford OX4 3AD, UK.
1353-3452 © 2002 Opragen Publications, POB 54, Guildford GU1 2YF, UK. http://www.opragen.co.uk
Guard Dogs of Perception: The Corporate
Takeover of Science*
George Monbiot
G. Monbiot
50 Science and Engineering Ethics, Volume 9, Issue 1, 2003
quests which might lead to major scientific breakthroughs. In the long-term, this
constriction could damage not only scientific success, but also economic
competitiveness.
But for the past ten years, government science policy has steadily de-prioritised
basic research and prioritised commercial imperatives. Many of the profound .
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- 1. FINDING THE ENDLESS FRONTIER: LESSONS FROM LIFE SCIENCES FOR ENERGY INNOVATION IAIN COCKBURN, BU AND NBER SCOTT STERN, NORTHWESTERN AND NBER JACK ZAUSNER, MCKINSEY & CO NBER ACCELERATING ENERGY INNOVATION CONFERENCE WASHINGTON, DC OCTOBER 2009
- 4. The Power of Life Sciences Innovation Despite the complex nature of HIV/AIDS and high transmission potential, AIDS combination therapies developed in the early 1990s have dramatically reduced the AIDS death rate in the developed world
- 6. Evolution of the Life Sciences Innovation System Big Pharma CROs Good Old Days Public sector science Big Pharma Biology Drugs The Present Public sector science Tool biotechs Product biotechs
- 8. Creates a highly complex, interdependent (and hard-to-manage) innovation network Powell et al. (2005)
- 9. LESSONS FOR A SCIENCE-BASED CLIMATE CHANGE INNOVATION SYSTEM
Editor's Notes
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