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Basic Ideas of Financial Derivatives
Presented by:
Anupom Sarkar
MBA in Finance(4th SEM’)
University of Calcutta
 Introduction
 What are Derivatives?
 Types of Risk
 Types of Derivatives
 Market players
 Derivatives Trading in India
 Conclusion
 Reference
 Most individuals and Firm face financial risk due to
change in exchange rate, interest rate and stock
market. Financial instrument have been developed
for management of such risks these instruments
are known as “Financial derivatives”
 The word “derivative” indicate that it has no
independent value but its value is derived
from value of underlying asset.
 In India ,The Securities Contract(Regulation)
act 1956, defines a derivatives as:
A contract which derives its value from the
price ,or index of prices, of underlying asset.
 Financial instrument and asset liability
positions are broadly exposed to three type
of risks:
a) Exchange rate risk
b) Interest rate risk
c) Systematic risk
 There are four types of derivatives contracts
 Forwards
 Futures
 Options
 Swaps
 A forward contract is a customized contract between
two counterparties ,where settlement takes place as a
specific date in future at predetermined price
 Ex: on 10th November A enters into an agreement to buy
100kgs of wheat on 1st May of Rs.10000 from B, a farmer. It is
a case of a forward contract where A has to pay Rs.10000 on
1st May to B and B has to supply 100kgs of wheat .A has
taken long position assuming the price of the wheat will rise in
the future.
 Normally traded outside exchange .
 This is same as forward contracts, but it is
standardize contracts.
 Traded through any recognized stock
exchange, there is specific lot size to hold
any position.
The owner of the option has option to buy or sell
assets at a given price on or before given date.
Option
Call Put
In-the -money:
For call option: P>E
For put option: P<E
At-the-money:
For call and Put option: P=E
Out-of-money
For call option: E>P
For Put option: E<P
P=market price of underlying ,E= exercise price
 Interest rate Swaps: these entail swapping
only the interest related cash flows between
the parties in the same currency.
 Currency swaps: These entail swapping both
principal and interest between the parties,
with the cash flows in one direction being in
a different currency than those in the
opposite direction .
Hedgers: Transfer of risk component of
their portfolio.
Speculators: Intentionally taking the risk
from the hedgers in pursuit of profit.
Arbitrageurs: Operating in different
markets simultaneously, in pursuit of profit
and eliminate mispricing.
 In 1996,NSE sent a proposal to SEBI for exchange
traded derivatives.
 In 1996.The Securities Contracts (Regulation)Act
of 1956 was amended and derivatives could be
declared “securities”
 Index futures were introduced in June 2000 and
index option in 2001.
 NSE started trade in future and option by 2005
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15
Turnover(cr.)
Index future
Stock future
Index option
Stock option
 Derivatives allow firms and individuals to
hedge risks or to bear risk at minimum cost.
They can also create risk at the firm level,
especially if a firm is inexperienced in their
use. For the economy as a whole, the collapse
of a large derivatives user or dealer may
create systemic risks. On balance, derivatives
plainly make the economy more efficient.
However, neither users of derivatives nor
their regulators can afford to be complacent.
 Bhabatosh Banerjee, Financial policy and
Management Accounting.
 W.Kolb and A.Overdahl, Future Option and
Swaps.
 www.investopedia.com
 www.nseindia.com
Financial Derivatives

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Financial Derivatives

  • 1. Basic Ideas of Financial Derivatives Presented by: Anupom Sarkar MBA in Finance(4th SEM’) University of Calcutta
  • 2.  Introduction  What are Derivatives?  Types of Risk  Types of Derivatives  Market players  Derivatives Trading in India  Conclusion  Reference
  • 3.  Most individuals and Firm face financial risk due to change in exchange rate, interest rate and stock market. Financial instrument have been developed for management of such risks these instruments are known as “Financial derivatives”
  • 4.  The word “derivative” indicate that it has no independent value but its value is derived from value of underlying asset.  In India ,The Securities Contract(Regulation) act 1956, defines a derivatives as: A contract which derives its value from the price ,or index of prices, of underlying asset.
  • 5.  Financial instrument and asset liability positions are broadly exposed to three type of risks: a) Exchange rate risk b) Interest rate risk c) Systematic risk
  • 6.  There are four types of derivatives contracts  Forwards  Futures  Options  Swaps
  • 7.  A forward contract is a customized contract between two counterparties ,where settlement takes place as a specific date in future at predetermined price  Ex: on 10th November A enters into an agreement to buy 100kgs of wheat on 1st May of Rs.10000 from B, a farmer. It is a case of a forward contract where A has to pay Rs.10000 on 1st May to B and B has to supply 100kgs of wheat .A has taken long position assuming the price of the wheat will rise in the future.  Normally traded outside exchange .
  • 8.  This is same as forward contracts, but it is standardize contracts.  Traded through any recognized stock exchange, there is specific lot size to hold any position.
  • 9. The owner of the option has option to buy or sell assets at a given price on or before given date. Option Call Put
  • 10. In-the -money: For call option: P>E For put option: P<E At-the-money: For call and Put option: P=E Out-of-money For call option: E>P For Put option: E<P P=market price of underlying ,E= exercise price
  • 11.  Interest rate Swaps: these entail swapping only the interest related cash flows between the parties in the same currency.  Currency swaps: These entail swapping both principal and interest between the parties, with the cash flows in one direction being in a different currency than those in the opposite direction .
  • 12. Hedgers: Transfer of risk component of their portfolio. Speculators: Intentionally taking the risk from the hedgers in pursuit of profit. Arbitrageurs: Operating in different markets simultaneously, in pursuit of profit and eliminate mispricing.
  • 13.  In 1996,NSE sent a proposal to SEBI for exchange traded derivatives.  In 1996.The Securities Contracts (Regulation)Act of 1956 was amended and derivatives could be declared “securities”  Index futures were introduced in June 2000 and index option in 2001.  NSE started trade in future and option by 2005
  • 14. 0 5000000 10000000 15000000 20000000 25000000 30000000 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Turnover(cr.) Index future Stock future Index option Stock option
  • 15.  Derivatives allow firms and individuals to hedge risks or to bear risk at minimum cost. They can also create risk at the firm level, especially if a firm is inexperienced in their use. For the economy as a whole, the collapse of a large derivatives user or dealer may create systemic risks. On balance, derivatives plainly make the economy more efficient. However, neither users of derivatives nor their regulators can afford to be complacent.
  • 16.  Bhabatosh Banerjee, Financial policy and Management Accounting.  W.Kolb and A.Overdahl, Future Option and Swaps.  www.investopedia.com  www.nseindia.com