Final presentation of rtp pcpgs

Centre for Innovations and Appropriate Technologies in RTP
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Study on Centre for Innovations and Appropriate Technologies in
RTP at NIRDPR Hyderabad.
CIAT NIRD&PR
Centre for Innovations and Appropriate Technologies
Venu Chittaloori
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT & PANCHAYATYI RAJ
HYDERABAD
14TH
August to September, 21.

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Study on Centre for Innovations and Appropriate Technologies in RTP at
NIRDPR Hyderabad.
Intern Name
Venu Chittaloori, Intern-PGDRDM-13
NIRD&PR Hyderabad-50030

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Abstract
This present study is focused on Center for Innovation and appropriate
Technologies in Rural technology Park at Nirdpr Hyderabad. It is a
comparative study of socio-economic status of rural youth unemployed and
rural infrastructure problem solving solutions in the RTP.
Live demonstration/dissemination of cost-effective, on local resource
based and environment friendly technologies of different sectors of
Rural Development.
Facilitate transfer of technologies to users and help improve the
operational skills to produce high quality products Link users and
institutions (PRIs, NGOs, CBOs) with technology developer / suppliers.
This study also aims to find the scope for the training in those areas which
are yet to be approached and the intention level of target groups about the
need of the training. The findings from the study implicate a significant
change in awareness and practice of trainees after attending the training.
Also the study finds a positive improvement in the socio- economic
conditions of the trainees.

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Acknowledgement
I would like to extend my hearty sense of obligation towards them,
whose unwavering support and precious guidance moulded my efforts to
bring impeccable outcome and without which this noteworthy task
wouldn’t have been possible.
Most respectfully, We Express our deepest sense of gratitude and
indebtedness to Dr. Gangi Reddy sir; Prof. & Head, CIAT, and Mr. Md.
Khan Sir; for providing me the valuable opportunity for learning and
exploring with their treasured experience and incomparable advice .
I also feel pleasure expressing our profound gratitude and heartiest
thanks to Mr. Gangi Reddy sir, for their steady guidance and support
throughout the project in all aspects.
My humble and absolute accolade to Dr. W.R. Reddy (I.A.S), Director
General National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj
(NIRD&PR), Dr. Aryashree Debapriya; Associate Professor CPGS,
NIRD&PR, Dr. Ms. Sonal Mobal Roy ; Course coordinator (Batch-13) and
entire CPGS team for immense support and facilitation.
I extend my extreme gratitude to the Mr. Rupees Kumar, Mr. Sandeep
Kumar, Ms. Veeranna and Mr. Laxman Sir for their immense support in
gathering data and building confidence in us to move ahead in every
stage of this report. I would also like to thank all coordinators and their
teams of all entrepreneurs stall for their each and every support which
enables my effort to compliance with our objective.

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Content
Pages,
1. Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………… 6
2. Study Team……………………………………………………………………….. 7
3. Timeline of the Study…………………………………………………………. 8
4. Introduction………………………………………………………………………… 9
5. Background of the Study……………………………………………………… 10
6. Scope Study Findings…………………………………………………………… 11
7. Recommendations and Suggestions……………………………
8. RTP Skill Development Training Programmes……………………………… 35

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Abbreviations
• NIRD&PR – National Institute of Rural Development and PanchayatiRaj
• MoRD – Ministry of RuralDevelopment
• PGDRDM – Post Graduate Diploma in Rural DevelopmentManagement
• RSETI – Rural Self Employment TrainingInstitute
• NACER - National Centre for Excellence ofRSETIs
• SHG – Self Help Group
• FGD – Focus Group Discussion
• SPSS – Statistical Package for SocialSciences
• FYM – Farm Yard Manure
• FLC – Financial Literacy Course
• FY – Financial Year
• AI- Artificial Insemination
• CIAT-Centre for Innovations and Appropriate Technologies.

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Study Team
I am Venu chittaloori a student of National Institute of Rural
Development and Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR). I am at present pursuing
our Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Development Management
(PGDRDM).
PGDRDM is a one year post graduate course which takes place twice a
year – from January to December & August to July. We are part of 13th
batch which has started in January 2017 and will end by December
2017.
As a part of the course students have to do a 6 week organizational
internship and I have attached to CIAT in RTP of NIRD&PR Hyderabad.
The following research study was given by RTP of NIRR&PR Hyderabad.
I am Mr.Venu Chittaloori from Suryapet District of Telangana state and
have done my Post-Graduation in MA-MSW (MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK)
from Pondicherry Central University, Pondicherry and MBA, B.Ed
completed. I have 2 years of work experience in BANK OF AMERICA.

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Timeline of Study
S.No Activity Duration Date
1 Orientation on RTP 1 day 14th August
2017
2 Secondary Research 4 days 15th- 18th
August 2017
3 Study on Technology Units. 4 days 21th-24th
August 2017
4 Pilot Study on Rural Technology
Entrepreneurship.
1 days 25th August 2017
5 Study on Rural Sanitation
Park.
1 day 26th August 2017
6 Date Collection in Tribal & Pearls
Jewellery Unit.
1 day 29th August 2017
7 Data collection in Home Based
Production Unit.
4 days 30th-21th
August 2017
8 Data collection in Honey making unit 1 day 31nd August 2017
9 Data collection in Paper plates making
unit.
7 days 1st-7th
September2017
7 Mid-term Review 1 day 8th September
2017
8 Data collection in RTP 5 days 4 th - 11th
September 2017
9 Inauguration of Biogas plant by Smt. G
Krisnaveni, Joint Secretary to Govt.,
EFS&T Dept., Govt. of Telangana
2 days 12th– 14th
September 2017
10 Training cum Workshop on Innovative
Packaging.
3 days 18th -20th
September
2017
11 Review of Presentation and Finalization 4 days 21th-25th
September
2017
12 Final Presentation & Report Submission 3rd and 4th
October 2017

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Introduction
The Rural Technology Park of National Institute of Rural Development and
PanchayatiRaj, Hyderabad has been established with a view to uplifting the rural
people in all aspects of life such as capacity building, rural employment generation
and livelihood etc. It is established in an area of 65 acres of land with a scope to
envisage for transfer of technology through live demonstrations. The development
of RTP has been dived into various categories to cater to the needs of the rural
people.
The real challenge of the Rural Development is to afford an opportunity to every rural household
to develop their fullest human potential through an access to services for human development
and economic growth. Rural Development holds the key to sustainable economic growth and
human development. The reduction of poverty is fastest when rural economies are resurgent,
proving opportunities for diversification of livelihoods in farm and nonfarm sectors. India’s
emergence as a global power depends on its ability to tackle the challenges of rural poverty and
development effectively.
Vision
To be a leading institution for the promotion of inclusive growth in India by contributing to
the key enablers required for widespread participation in economic opportunities in the
country.
• The vision of CIAT is to ensure a society that derives optimal benefits from Science and
Technology with judicious use of natural resources for the wellness of human beings in the
context of sustainable development.
Mission
To promote inclusive growth in India through focused initiatives in the identified areas
including primary healthcare, elementary education, skill development & sustainable
livelihood, financial inclusion and rural development.
• To accelerate the process of identifying and recognising the innovations developed across

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different sectors of rural development by different individuals and institutions.
To facilitate the wider dissemination of appropriate and affordable technologies to the rural
people for enhancing their productivity and with the help of live technology models run on
demonstration, training and production with a focus on sustainable development.

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Background Of the study
Rural poverty has many dimensions. It is for this reason that a need is felt to simultaneously
address all the dimensions of poverty effectively. A household can be poor if they are homeless;
they can be poor because they are uneducated and without skills; they can be poor because they
are asset less; They can be poor because of ill health. There can be variety of reasons and
multiplicity of dimensions that affect the ability of an individual to develop their fullest human
potential.
The real challenge of rural development is to afford an opportunity to every rural household to
develop their fullest human potential through an access to service for human development and
economic growth.
To ensure a saturation approach, the Ministry proposes to develop 50,000 Poverty Free Gram
Panchayats and 5000 Rural Clusters by simultaneously addressing the multi-dimensions of
poverty. Following from the approach on Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY), the ministry has
developed 36 indicators to understand the state of development in Gram Panchayat.
These indicators cover infrastructure, connectivity, social development, access to services and
banks, solid and liquid waste management, health, education, drought proofing, nutrition etc.
The ministry proposes a composite index for poverty Free Gram Panchayats and monitor the
progress from the baseline.
Through this process, the ministry of Rural Development wants to ensure sustainable livelihoods
for all households in 50,000 gramapanchayats and 5000 Rural Clusters with the basic minimum
infrastructure and facilities.
The DISHA Committee at the District level would also be monitoring the progress of Gram
Panchayats to becoming poverty free.
Therefore, as mentioned of 36 indicators of Sansad Adarsha Gram Yojana (SAGY), problems
solving solutions are being presented in RTP. In NIRDPR RTP is to afford an opportunity to every
rural household to develop their fullest human potential through an access to services for human
development and economic growth such as entrepreneurship development trainings as well as
awareness of different typologies of housing constructions, watershed management, and
sanitation technologies.

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Objectives
❖ Live demonstration/dissemination of cost-effective, local resource based and environment
friendly technologies of different Sectors of Rural Development.
❖ Provide functional exposure to replicable models to meet location-specific, season-
specific and social contextual needs.
❖ Promote participative-cum-partnership collaboration between frontline / forward
demonstration Teams, other official and NGO institutions of NIRDPR.
❖ Facilitate transfer of technologies to users and help improve the operational skills to
produce high quality products Link users and institutions (PRIs, NGOs, CBOs) with
technology Developers.

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Scope of the Study
• The scope of the study is limited to the trainings conducted by CIAT in RTP AT
NIRDPR.
• Study area is limited to RTP, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-50030.
• Training Period: 14 August 2017 to 29th
September2017.
Mandate
❖ Identification of appropriate eco-friendly innovations and technologies with the
help of studies and workshops.
❖
❖ Facilitation of certification with the help of appropriate institutions/agencies.
❖
❖ Handholding of innovators for the development of appropriate technologies.
❖
❖ Provide opportunities to successful and established technologists to
demonstrate their technologies.
❖
❖ To make them as a technology partner by establishing their units as training
cum production units.
❖
❖ To accelerate the process of technology transfer by organising series of
exposure visits, capacity development programmes and handholding in
collaboration with other stakeholders’ organisations of public, government,
non-government and private agencies.

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Strategies:
Innovators and rural technologists’ workshops, seminars, brainstorming sessions.
Identification of innovations with the help of field assessment
Identification of appropriate technologies with the help of various technology
development organisations, Govt. agencies, NGOs and individuals
Facilitation of establishment of appropriate eco- friendly rural technologies
Organisation of exposure visits
Assessment of training needs with the help of handholding agencies and
prospective trainees
Capacity development training covering both entrepreneurial inputs and skill
development with the active participation of technology partners
Follow up of capacity development with the agencies who nominate the
participants
Facilitation of establishment of the enterprises by the successful trainees
Entrepreneurs’ workshops
Organization of Rural Technology Melas
Participation in technology exhibitions organized by various Govt., Non Govt.,
S&T institutions and Private agencies
Preparation and Publication of directory on entrepreneurial technologies
Preparation and Publication of case studies on successful entrepreneurs
Impact assessment of the trainings by third party
Impact assessment of technology transfer.

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Outputs
✓ Adoption of technologies
✓ Employment Generation
✓ Women Empowerment
✓ Enhancement of Economic Status
✓ Poverty Reduction
✓ Sustainable development

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National Rural Building Centre
The National Building Centre in RTP brings together a range of cost-effective construction
technologies with variety of materials, technologies and blends the old and new techniques of
construction. The technologies depicted are suitable for disaster-prone locations viz., earthquake,
cyclone, fire etc. These structures are erected utilising the locally available resources and skills of
the people. The cost of construction will be in the range of 25% 40% less than that of the cost with
conventional construction at that particular place. The variation of cost is depending on the soil
typology and locally available resources. Over 40 technologies are depicted in the 15 structures in
this centre. All these structures are eco-friendly and environment-friendly with green building
concept.
Training programmes are conducted through this unit in the assembling of a Solar lantern, street
lights and in the installation and management of the street lights and guiding/assisting in the
establishment of solar lantern assembling units in the rural areas.
Rural Sanitation Park
Appropriate low cost-low water sanitation models (23 nos.) have been placed in the RTP with the
focus on three areas vis. Low cost; low water usage; and solid and liquid waste disposal for gainful
agricultural & for other activities.
Bio-Sanitation
1. Waterless Urinals Technology
2. Bio-Toilets
Water Harvesting Technologies
Established water harvesting structures by adopting the technologies such as construction of
funds, tanks, field channels, contour trenching, staggered trenching, gully control structures etc.,
to harvest the rain water besides the showcasing of roof water harvesting.
Solar Energy
A solar house has been set up in Rural Technology Park to propagate and transfer the solar
technologies like assembling of solar lanterns, home lighting systems and street lighting etc., to the
rural areas. A number of villages have been electrified with solar home lighting system by the RTP
in the most in-accessible areas of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Haryana, Bihar, Telangana and
Chhattisgarh . In addition to the solar energy development, wind energy is also established in RTP
as a part of the renewable energy development. A 5 KW solar power unit and 3.65 KW of wind
power units have been set up and the power is being used for the office premises.
Biogas Plant
Biogas originates from bacteria in the process of bio-degradation of organic material under
anaerobic (without air) conditions. In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic bacterial decompose
organic matter and produce a gas mainly composed of methane (60%) and carbon dioxide called

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biogas. This gas can be compared to natural gas which is 99% methane. There are two kinds of
biogas plants, KVIC model-1 unit and Balaji model-2. The innovative biogas technology was
installed at RTP with the technical collaboration of Centre of Science for Villages (CSV), Wardha.
The biogas models are being used for demonstration and production of bio-gas being used for
electricity generation and cooking purpose.
Rural Technology Entrepreneurship
To build the capacity of rural entrepreneurs through training and skill promotion in various eco-
friendly and employment intensive industries like Handmade papers, Natural Dyeing, Home based
products, Honey processing, Neem processing, Cultivation of Medicinal & Aromatic plants, Food
processing, Vermicomposting, fashion technology & garments making, pearls processing, Soybean
foods, Herbal Cosmetics etc. These prototype units are housed in the Rural Technology Park and
through them transfer of technologies to the rural areas are made to generate employment on a
sustainable basis. Training programmes are conducted as a capacity building to the rural
entrepreneurs.
Technology Units
1. Cost Effective Rural Housing Technologies
Housing is central to enhancement of quality of life for accessing all basic amenities like drinking
water & sanitation, heath, education, lighting/ electricity, connectivity, livelihoods etc.
Conventionally rural habitants prefer to build houses with locally available materials such as Mud
,thatch, bamboo, and stones that are the cheapest with their house building skills and indigenous
knowledge relating to the aspects of availability, utility, workability, cost and durability.
The National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj (NIRD&PR), in Hyderabad
established Rural Building Centre in RTP, which acts as a platform for exhibiting the most
important field tested, flooring, walling and roofing technological options that are marked by
feasibility of construction in rural areas blending old and new techniques, acceptance by various
diverse social groups, and cost effective, stable & durable models withstanding the vagaries of
monsoons, various geo-climatic conditions and disaster prone locations viz., Earth Quake, Cyclones,
Floods and Fire across rural India and resistant even in multi hazard conditions. The Rural Building
Centre was further developed and strengthened by taking in to consideration the different
typologies that are existing across the length and breadth of the country for specific typologies of
Himalayan, Sikkim, North eastern side housing typologies like Bamboo walling structures (which is
also called as Ekra walling, Wardha type of houses in Central India and the famous Laurie Baker
designs from Habitat in South India. The plans of the structures are replicable to the typology of
the concerned region.
These structures so developed save the cost of construction the extent of 25 to 40% less than the
conventional costs. However, the actual variation of the cost saving depended on the type of

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typology as indicated above.
The list of Technologies Adopted in the Construction at RTP
❖ Arch Foundations
❖ Rat – Trap bonding brick work for walling
❖ R R Stone Masonry Walling in Super structure
❖ C C blocks walling
❖ Fly ash bricks
❖ Adobe Mud Blocks & Tile facing Adobe Mud blocks walls.
❖ Cement stabilized mud blocks
❖ Rammed earth walling and columns
❖ Wattle & Daub walling.
❖ Mud walling.
❖ C R Stone masonry.
❖ Hollow concrete Blocks.
❖ Mangalore tile roofing.
❖ Conical tile arch roofing.
❖ Filler slab.
❖ Arch roofing.
❖ Micro concrete tile roofing.
❖ Ferro – Cement Channel roofing.
❖ Brick Dome roof.
❖ Ferro cement arch roofing.
❖ Bamboo corrugated sheet roofing.
❖ Pre cast RCCpanels over pre cast joists.
❖ Mud plastering to the mud block walls.
❖ Non-erode able mud plaster to the walls.
❖ Lime plaster.
❖ Corbelling windows lintel.
❖ Bamboo paneled doors and windows.
❖ Shabad stone flooring.

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2. Rural Sanitation.
In due recognition to the importance the sanitation is attached in enhancing the
quality of rural life, appropriate low cost-low water sanitation devices were
showcased in the Rural Technology Park as a part of the National Rural Building
Centre. Each model designed, developed and established to demonstrate
something special, either in respect of local availability of the materials or
adoption of a particular practice or a technique to save either water or
environment. The focus was essentially on three areas: low cost; low water usage;
and, most importantly, solid and liquid disposal for gainful agricultural activities.
Besides, designing pans with locally available building materials, altering the slope
of pans, redesigned sanitation pans were developed to enhance the efficiency. The
two–pit system that facilities safe recycling of liquid and solid waste for gainful
agriculture practices was also showcased. The models have been grouped broadly
under the following heads;
1. Conventional toilet system
2. Domestic sanitation models with the use of cost effective construction materials
3. School sanitation model
4. Aganwadi sanitation model
5. Community model
6. Waste water management
7. Animal waste management
8. Solid waste management
The models displayed in the park provided useful insights for rural development
functionaries, NGOs and all others participating in various programs organized in
the institute, who are involved in planning and implementation of sanitation
schemes in rural areas. This will help the trainees and visitors to understand the
relative merits and demerits of the conventional sanitation model-septic tank-
other models to enable comparative evaluation.
The following are the different types of Sanitation Models available in Rural
Sanitation Park.
1. Conventional Model Based on Septic Tank
2. Two Pit latrine with Flap Seal Pan and Brick Work
3. Twin Pit Latrine with Brick Panel
4. Twin Pit Latrine with Pre cast concrete blocks
5. Circular twin pit toilet with bricks
6. Circular twin pit toilet with pre cast RCC rings
7. Bamboo Mat Ply Superstructure
8. Bamboo Reinforced Leach Pit

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9. Single Leach Pit Toilet with P-Trap Pan
10.Burnt Clay Segment Leach Pit
11.Modified Midnapur Toilet
12.Eco-Sanitation Toilet
13.Anganwadi Toilet Block
14.School Sanitation Toilet Block Model
15.Community Toilet & Urinal Block
16.Soak Pit for Bathroom Platform
17.Spill Water Recycling Model
18.Household Vermi Compost Unit
19.Nadep Compost Unit
20.Deenbandhu Biogas Plant with Toilet
21.Gappi Fist Tank.
3. Solar Energy Workshop
The solar initiative at the National Institute of Rural Development & Panchayati
Raj (NIRD&PR)
The solar energy unit , as part of renewable energy park, has been established at
the NIRD to facilitate solar energy technology transfer in collaboration with Social
Work Research Centre (SWRC), Tilonia, Rajasthan. SWRC trained four illiterate
women at Tilonia in fabricating, wiring and setting up solar energy systems. After
completion of their training, these women established the rural energy workshop
at the rural technology park at NIRD as a production cum training and maintenance
facility. They fabricated 100 solar lanterns including assembling of PCBs.
Alongside, they installed a 5 KWP solar generating unit.
The uniqueness of this initiative at NIRD is that it has shown that even illiterate
women can be trained in the production, operation and maintenance of the solar
energy systems. In fact, where rural communities have been trained and given
competencies to maintain the systems at the village level only, particularly
women, the solar energy facility extension has proved successful and sustainable.
Project Undertaken
In Andhra Pradesh two tribal villages namely Pusulapalem and Thamingula of
Paderu mandal, visakhapatnam district were identified for transfer of solar energy
technology.
Solar Lighting Products Unit
Realizing the importance of providing access to affordable and reliable energy
especially in the rural areas NIRD has taken up the mission of propagating solar

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energy so as to promote lighting up the rural areas where there is no proper grid
power availability.
In this effort NIRD has identified in the 12th Rural Technology and crafts Mela a
manufacturing unit namely Thrive Solar Energy Private Limited Hyderabad (an ISO
9001:2008 Company, crisil rated and a direct channel partner of MNRE) which has
been working in this field and promoting affordable solar lighting products and the
unit of the said company is established in Rural Technology Park under PPP
arrangement. Through this unit NIRD is providing awareness and training to the
interested persons specially one from the rural areas in the assembling of the solar
lighting products and in the maintenance of solar street lights etc. This unit in RTP
is one of the attractions for all those visiting NIRD RTP and serving the objectives
of RTP i.e propagating the benefits of solar energy and helping the people in the
adoption of Green Energy.
Solar Freezers, Dehydrators & Power Generation Unit
Realizing the need for promoting value based agricultural products to help the
farmers in getting better income for the agricultural produce and to save the
fishermen from the disaster of fish catched RTP has been making efforts for
establishment of dehydration devices. In this process in the 12th Rural Technology
Mela identified Teewave Powertech Private Limited which has been working on
said technologies and got their unit established at RTP under PPP arrangement.
It is a technology oriented company concentrating mainly on Solar freezers, solar
dehydrators to up-lift the standard of living of tribal and rural population and
fishermen, Thermo electric power generating devises producing power from waste
heat of cooking stoves mainly for rural electrification.
It also a manufacturer of a special life improvement ESCD carbide coating devise
to improve the life of agricultural implements for the benefit of farmers.
The main concept of the technology is to avoid wastage of agricultural produce
at farm level by introducing solar freezers to preserve agri produce from decay, to
preserve catch fish and to produce hygiene dry fish for fishermen using solar
dehydrators and to transport vegetables, fruits, fresh fish etc in solar reefer
trucks.
Considering the lack of power supply in rural and tribal areas, the concept of
hybrid solar- thermo electric power generating systems using the waste heat from
cooking stoves helps in providing a self generated small power to meet the lighting
requirement without depending on the grid power.
Through this unit the farmers, fisherman and entrepreneurs are expose to the
various solar dehydration technologies and impart training in the same through the
unit besides propagating the technology of power generation through waste heat.
Solar Home Lighting and Street Lighting Products – Making and Assembly Unit

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Solar Photovoltaics (SPV) helps in converting solar energy directly into electrical
energy. Photons (an atomicparticle) present in solar rays striking the atoms of semi
conducting solar devices free its electrons. This leads to the flow of free electrons
i.e. electrical current.
1. Solar Modules making plant
2. Solar LED lights making plant
3. Solar pumping plant
4. Lowest cost solar module manufacturing
Machinery Required
S.no Activity/Project Proposed Machines & Equipment
O Activity / Project Proposed Machines & Equipment
1
Solar LED lighting division
Pick and Place machine for PCB components mounting
Study Lights Reflow machine for PCB components
Mini Lights Screen Printing and fibre laser machine
Street Lights Testing equipment
Home Lighting Systems
Epoxy resin Unit Ovens
Soldering Irons, Oscilloscopes, All necessary tools
2 Solar Modules making division
Laser Cutting machine
Tabbing,Stringing & Layup equipment
Lamination machine, Module Tester
Module Framing & Cutting Machine
3 Structure fabrications Welding machine
Sheet Bending machine, Pipe bending m/c, Pipe Cutting m/c
5. Handmade Paper.
The Handmade paper manufacturing enterprise has emerged as one of the
important livelihood options in rural India. Handmade paper is a layer of entwined
fibers and held together by the natural bonding properties of cellulose fibers.The
handmade paper industry has emerged as one of the important livelihood options
for the rural people. The technology is simple, successful and quite easy. It is
based on the recycling of all waste material through user – cum – gender friendly

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process thereby can provide livelihoods for the rural poor. From the handmade
paper, simple value addition gives a good profit returns.
Raw Material: Cotton rags, hosiery cuttings, Silk rags and handmade paper
waste and agro wastes, such as banana, jute, and mulberry are required to make
handmade paper. Since the inputs are mostly raw material wastes, it is low cost
and eco-friendly industry.Finished Products: Some of the items produced in the
Hand Made Paper Making and Paper Conversion unit includes stationary, note
books, scribbling pads, file covers, folders, carry bags, visiting and invitation
cards, gifts and novelties like albums, photo frames and gift boxes, lamp shades,
wall papers etc.
Machinery Required: includes Beater, Screw Press, Calendar Machine, Sheet
Former, Cutting Machine, Hydraulic Press, Vat Machine.
Process Work Content
Work Content
Sorting & Dusting
Raw material sorted by hand to remove foreign particles to avoid
contamination of the pulp
Rag Chopping
The sorted out raw – materials are chopped either manually or by
mechanized rag chopper
Beating
The chopped rags are converted into a fine pulp in a Hollander
beater and mixed with water and adhesives
Sheet formation The pulp is transferred in to a vat
Couching
The wet paper sheet then transferred onto a cloth or felt pieces of
fabric
Pressing
The wet paper is then pressed under a press to take out the water
from inside the paper
Drying & Finishing
The paper after so pressed is dried under sum and is then finished to
smooth
Packaging cleaning and
sizing
After drying, the sheets are inspected and the dust particles are
removed
Calendaring This process is done to make the paper smooth

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Work Content
Cutting Finally the sheets are cut in required sizes – Normal size is 22” x 30”
6. Natural Dyeing.
Enterprise based on natural dyes of plant origin, emerged as a popular
promising eco-friendly livelihood option for many of the weavers and rural
artisans. Natural Dyes are derived from naturally occurring sources like vegetables,
flowers, fruits, rinds, seeds, branches, plants with a very little chemical
processing. But now the market and the tastes of people are changing fast and the
hazards to chemical dyes have forced environmentalist to think in terms of natural
products.
Details of Important Natural Dyes (Vegetable Dyes)
Method
The dye material is always powdered well, to facilitate proper and maximum
extraction. The required dye material is always soaked overnight, before
extraction. On the next day this material is added to the required quantity of
water & boiled for about 30 to 40 minutes. The pre -treated yarn is taken in damp
condition, immersed into boiling hot dye extract & worked thoroughly for 45
minutes to an hour. A strict watch is maintained while dyeing to obtain a uniform
& even shade, maintaining a constant temperature. The yarn is constantly rotated
up & down in the dye bath with the help of two wooden or bamboo rods. After this
the yarn is removed, excess water is squeezed & is dried in the shade. This dyeing
process time takes about 40 to 45 minutes. The dye house is equipped to dye 100
kgs of yarn. The production orders come from DAMA producer groups and few
master weavers.

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Material used for Dyeing
Silk, Wool, Leather, Cotton, Bamboo, Kora-green and other fibres Silk, wool silk
and food stuff silk.
Machinery Required
Reaction vessel SS 304, Frames, Cutting Machine, Trays, Boiler run on bio-
diesel/brickets, Manual stamping machine, Manual wrapping machine, water
softener and laboratory equipment.
7. Vermi Compost
Vermi composting being a Bio-fertilizer emerged as one of the promising
livelihood option providing soil fertility Improvements, better nutrient recycling ,
ecological security , nutritional security, and livelihood security on the way to the
achievement of sustainable rural development through promotion of organic
farming . Vermi compost is organic manure for all types of crops and plantations
and is the fecal matter appearing as dark-brownish granular material, which is
odorless, excreted by earthworms, after consuming and digesting bio degradable
wastes cow dung, agro-waste, kitchen waste etc. Average Nutrient Content (% of
Dry Matter) of Vermi Compost being 1.60 (Nitrogen) 1.32 (Phosphorous) 0.67
(Potassium).
Vermi compost is a preferred nutrient source for organic farming. Vermi
compost is an organic manure (bio-fertilizer) which can be produced by earth
worm feeding on biological waste material plant residues. It is eco-friendly, non-
toxic, consumes low energy input for composting and is a recycled biological
product. This can be adopted by the village community as an additional income
source and manure for their own crops.
Technologies

26
Vermi culture: Process of multiplying earthworms
Vermi compost: Fecal matter appearing as dark – brownish granular material,
which is odorless, excreted by earthworms, after consuming and digesting bio
degradable wastes cow dung, agro waste, kitchen waste etc.,
Vermi wash: liquid produced through the use of earthworms, which contains
micronutrients and hormones, used as foliar spray.
Application / Use
1. Vermi compost is organic manure for all types of crops and plantations
2. Vermin wash as foliar spray for all types of crops and plantations
3. Faster production of manure in a year (3-4 times more) than conventional methods
of composting
4. Regular use improves soil health, fertility, structure (makes soil loose and arable
and facilitates better aeration and drainage even in heavy clay soils) and creates
favorable conditions for healthy plant growth and development
5. Used as a carrier medium for bio fertilizers
6. Complete and balanced plant food. Improves crop yield and quality
7. Meets increasing demand for naturally grown food products
Average Nutrient Content (% of Dry Matter)
Vermi Compost 1.60(Nitrogen) 1.32 (Phosphorous) 0.67 (Potassium)
Production Process
Pretreatment of Composting Material
1.Avoid fresh cow dung, green leaves or any part of living plant, which is hard.
Shredding is recommended for hard matter. Avoid non-bio degradable material,
such as, polythene bags, plastics, glass, etc.
2.Use only partly decaying or partly digested organic matter as feed substrate for
worms
3.Add cattle dung up to 50% to provide bacterial inoculation for enhancing
decomposition

27
4.Spread in alternate layers of dung and leaf litter or any organic waste
5.Partial decomposition in open area in a pit/heap is strongly recommended
6.Periodic watering quickens partial decomposition
7.4-5 weeks required for partial decomposition
Formation of Bed
Spread a 10 cms thick layer of decomposable organic matter such as grasses,
coconut fiber, sugarcane waste etc as bedding material.
Spread partially decomposed cattle dung and organic waste or dry biogas slurry
on top of the bedding layer in an inverted ‘U’ shape till a height of 0.75 m
Regular watering to keep it damp all the time
Impregnating / Maintenance of the Bed
Do not impregnate or thrust worms into active compost. They will be killed due
to heating process
Wait for 2-3 weeks till the bed is cooled
Release worms on top of the bed in a shallow furrow @ 1000 per 1 sq.m of bed
space and cover it thoroughly with compost
Sprinkle water: Always keep the surface layer of the bed moist, but not soggy
Spread on the top of layer of the bed, a long gunny cloth 4ft wide to cover the
heap
Always maintain favorable moisture and cool conditions. Moisture level 40 to
50%. Temperature 25 to 40 degrees Celsius
One earth worm increases to 300 in one year
Earth worms prefer nitrogen rich diet-Azolla, an aquatic water fern. 100 to 200
grams per each cubic meter once in a month helps in rapid multiplication
Excess water flooding – will be harmful
Harvesting of Compost

28
First lot may take 90 days
Subsequent cycle may take only 35 to 45 days depending on the density of
worms
Stop watering before 2 days of harvesting. Allow earth worms to burrow into
the bottom before taking out the compost
The finished compost then heaped in conical shapes piles on the surface of the
bed
Collect the top portion of the pile in stages using hands. Sieve before packing
Vermi Culture
It is a culture basket prepared to multiply the worms. Earthworms are
maintained in a small tank or basket. These baskets should contain mixed old
compost and soil.
Vermi Wash
Vermi wash can be made in plastic or mud or cement container having attached
tap system to remove water and this container should be approximately ten to
twenty litres capacity. It is filled as follows:-
Layer one: Bricks and Pebbles
Layer Two: Soil and old Compost
Third Layer: Green leaves or Kitchen waste
Earthworms are later introduced into the container
Water droplets are added at the top through a pot. Earth worms make top to
down movement which creates holds in the substances through which the water
passes and get settled at bottom. The same could be collected as vermi wash.

29
6. Home Based Products.
Home based products are emerged as livelihood option for many of the rural
household women being competitive in the market due to insignificant overhead
charges. Home-based products include a range of products like sanitary acids,
phenyl, scented phenyl, dish wash powder, hand wash liquid, detergent, candle
making, agarbathis etc. The technology could be used throughout the year and it’s
not seasonal in nature.
Machinery Required: Liquid Mixing Machine, Bottle Filler (2-way Type), Cap
Sealing Machine, Powder Mixing Machine (with SS Body, 100 Kg Mixing Capacity,
3HP Motor, Vertical Type Bottom Opening, MS Frame), Cover Sealing Machine
(rotary Type), Cover Sealing Machine (Bench Type, Pedastal Operated), Cover
Sealing Machine (Hand Type), Mixing Machine (Sigma Type 200 Kg capacity, 7.5 HP
Motor, V-Belt Drive, MS Body), Extruder (Plodder, Size-6 Inches, 7.5 HP Motor, MS
Body), Power Cutting Machine (0.5 HP Motor, SS Top, MS Frame Bottom with
adjustable blades) .
8.Tribal Jewelry Making
The tribal jewelry making has occupied a very important place as a livelihood
option in present scenario for the artisans by looking into the growing market
demand for all types of jewelry by the urban consumers . Of late a trend has been
created in the market as artificial jewelry has captured the market of the natural
jewelry. This has been due to the creative and innovativeness that has engrossed
among the youths. The unit features of this type of jewelry are that it showcases
the rare design of mouldings of tribal and latest design.
Raw materials: Oxide white metal, thread beads, corundum (ruby), stone
crystal, Emerald, Emithis, copper, brass and silver wire for winding white metal
wires, pearl, natural dyes yarn and jewelry accessories
Machinery required
1. Chemical Standard M.S. Tank
2. Chemicals filter machine (cleaning and separation)

30
3. Rectifier 20 Amps
4. Air pump (Agitation) Multistage
5. Titanium heater
6. Dryer
7. Buffing machine
8. Pearl sorting table
9. Pearl drilling machine
10.Pearl polishing machine
11.Tool kits
12.Glass exposing unit and cooker
Process
Gold, Silver, copper oxidizing and Polishing
The process of electroplating starts from buffing the metal and cleansing
thoroughly anti-particles on metal, then comes the process of nickel plating by
dipping the article in a tank (150 liters, capacity) with mixture of nickel salt and
nickel plate, at a heating point of 60 to 70 ‘C’ degrees heat by using rectifiers. The
final process of gold covering is done by dipping the article in a 3 ltr glass beaker
at a heating point of 100 degrees heat, and then the article has to be dried in 2000
volts heater.
Products
Necklace, bracelet, anklets, coin jewelry with white metal and thread bead,
vishnu chakra mala with pearls, payals, navaratna mala, chains and oxidized
necklace, coin jewelry with goddess, ear rings with white metal coin metals with
gold, silver, brass polish.
9.Bee Keeping and Honey Processing.
Bees collect nectar from flowers and covert it in to honey. Honey is stored in
the combs. Since ancient times honey is recognized as the most nourishing and
energizing health food. Honey heals the body internally and externally. Honey is
rich in nutrients and has easily digestible sugars (such as glucose and fructose),
which are quickly absorbed by the body. Honey also contains minerals, enzymes
and various vitamins that inhibit the growth of bacteria and make the body to
infections resistant. Consumption of honey instantly gives strength and energy.

31
Royal Jelly
Bes produce Royal Jelly in glands situated at their mouth parts to feed the
larvae. This special food makes the young queen larvae grow fast and develops
them into queens. Taking royal jelly as its food the queen bee gains double its
body weight and can lay up to 2000 eggs each day. Royal Jelly contains fat,
proteins vitamins like B1, B2 and has antibiotic properties. Royal Jelly naturally
activates the male and female hormones alike and therefore increases potency.
Regular consumption of Royal Jelly helps to regenerate the body cells and protects
the body against abnormal cell growth such as cancer and infections of joints and
muscles. Medical science has proven that Royal Jelly is a very valuable natural
food.
Bee Pollen
Bees carry Pollen grains from flowers to their hive in pollen baskets on the hind
legs. Besides having highly nutritious, bee Pollen stimulates the forming of
antibodies that help to make the body healthy and strong and retains the elasticity
to the skin and therefore keeps us younger. Pollen contains vitamin B-complex,
vitamin – E, 28 mineral salts essential for our body. Pollen improves body
immunity, which helps fight allergies, cold, fever and rheumatism. It regulates the
blood pressure as well as cholesterol.
Monofloral Honey
Monofloral honey i.e. from a single type of flower like Sun Flower, Jamun,
Cotton, Mustard, Coriander, Lime, Eucalyptus, Rubber, Litchi and Neem etc., may
have characteristic flavors and aromas. But, their sweetening power is the same.
However, a few floral types of honey, which are very rich in fructose, may taste
some what sweeter. There are more than 300 plant species that provides nectar
worldwide
Color & Flavor
Honey’s color and flavor vary with its nectar source. The color of honey varies
from water white to dark amber. The color of honey is related to its mineral
content and is characteristic of its floral source. Light colored honey typically has
a mild flavor, while dark colored honey usually has strong flavor.
Viscosity

32
Honey’s viscosity is dependent upon its water content, temperature and floral
source. The viscosity of honey decreases rapidly as temperature rises.Except all
physical properties i.e. Color, Flavor, Taste and Viscosity, unifloral and multifloral
honey’s have same gross chemical composition.
Honey Preservation
Honey stored in sealed containers can remain stable for decades and even
centuries. However, honey is susceptible to changes during storage, it tends to
darken and lose its aroma and flavor, when stored at high temperatures. Honey
can be kept at room temperature in air-tight containers. Crystallization or
Granulation is a natural phenomenon. Storing honey in a refrigerator accelerates
the crystallization. If honey crystallizes, it should b kept in sun or in warm water
until the crystals dissolve. Do not boil or heat the honey directly over a flame.
8. Leaf Plate Making.
Leaf Plate Making has become an important livelihood option for many of the
rural households in the tribal areas of AP, Orissa, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and
Bihar. Abundantly available forest based products like leaves of beautia superba,
beautia monosperma, sheets of arcent palm and bauhinia frondosa (Sal Leaves or
Seali Leaves ) are used to make small cups and plates for serving and packaging
food stuffs. The existing products made by rural craft men are very poor in
physical strength and far from clean and hygienic. There is good scope for self
employment for rural and tribal people with the reasonable investment to
manufacture improved leaf cup and plate with the help of a machine. The leaf
cups and plates prepare can be found in hotels, railway catering and temples.
These machines are in use in AP, Orissa, MP, Chhattisgarh and they have been
accepted by the traders and consumers due to its cost effectiveness and hygienic
consideration and as a replacement to the traditional handmade leaves and other
paper products.
Raw Material
With the availability of abundant raw material from forest and agricultural
products, cotton or polyester thread and LDPE coated paper or LDPE coated
corrugated board or a thin LDPE sheet, polyethylene bags are required to pack the
finished goods.

33
Machinery Required
Leaf stitching machine modal LSM 1, Motor Operated Single Die Machine with
Electrical equipment-LPM 3
Methods of making Leaf Plates and Cups
1. Raw Leaves are collected from the forest by the rural women or men. Leaves are
dried in sun or shade (proper care should be taken while the leaves are drying
sufficiently, to avoid fungal attack)
2. Over drying of leaves should be avoided as they become brittle
3. Initially the leaves are stitched on duly modified stitching machine to get a desired
shape and size of (6” diameter to 18” diameter)
4. LDPE coated paper is placed at the bottom of the same sized thread stitched leaf
and pressed at 120 degree c heated die for 5-6 seconds to obtain the desired shape
5. Before going for production of leaf plates the leaves are to be given treatment of
moisture observant up to 30% (a wet gunny wrapper is to be wrapped on the leaves
the day before or 2 hrs before going for production) for more flexibility and deep
folding. These treated leaves are wiped with a clean cloth to remove dust, dart
and are kept in a polyethylene bag to avoid drying before they are used.
6. Through chick of moisture before packing the finished product leaf plates.
7. Sheet of arcent palm leaves can also be pressed in the same moulding machine
8. These leaves are available n particular season in forest areas, during this period
the rural woman has to satire maximum quantity of leaves. In case of shortage of
raw leaves artificial non biodegradable polyester fill can be replaced to meet the
market demand and the livelihood of the rural women.
Advantages of the Technology
1. Women with minimum participation of men can run the unit in a progressive way
2. Leaves are stitched on duly modified stitching machine to get a desired shape and
size
3. Manually operated with minimum power consumption
4. Moulding, trimming, pressing and drying are done in once single operation by
pressing the liver of the moulding machine
5. 300 to 1500 volt of heater is required to generate heating the die. For better
quality of production lock the pedal and heat the die for 30 mnts.
6. Single semiskilled operator and a healer can prepare 250 to 300 plates / cups hour

34
7. Heating up to 120 to 150 degree c for about 6-8 sec in sufficient to sterilize the
product and does not required any fungicidal spray.
8. About 60% free micro bacteria are assured
9. 100% free micro bacteria are assured by adopting chemical sterilization process.
9. Soya Based Products.
Value addition of Soya based products as Enterprises provide another
livelihood option in many of the soya growing states in Central India. Soya
based products have high superior nutritive value by virtue of its inherent
essential amino acids profile. Further, the polysaturated faty acids present in
the soya products helps in regualtion of ‘blood pressure’.
The Soya based products being produced can have an excellent demand in
market especially in exporting to the Super markets, General Stores etc. Some
of the popular soya bean products include Soya Tomato chips, Soya Palak chips,
Flour, Chutneys, Soya Besan, Soya Khankra, Soya masala nuts, Soya ready to
eat snacks (in different varities), Soya curd chilly, Soya milk and milk products
etc.
Soya bean products are becoming increasingly popular throughout the world
as a major food because of their nutritive values and health protective
properties.
Soya bean products are becoming increasingly popular throughout the world
as a major food because of their nutritive values and health protective
properties.
Soya Tomato Chips
Ingredients Required Process
Soya Flour
Rice Flour
Tomato
Red Chilli Powder
Salt
Soda

35
RTP Skill Development Training Programmes.
Sl. No. Name of the Training Programmes Duratio
1
Training Course on Preparation of Neem, Vermi Compost and Vermi wash
liquid
3 days
2 Training Course on Mushroom Cultivation and Mushroom Products 4 days
3 Training course on “Cost-Effective Rural Housing construction Technologies” 5 days
4 Training course on “Preparation of Different Soya Products” 4 days
5 Training Course on “ Food Processing by using Solar Energy” 3 days
6 Training Course on “Home Based Products” 4 days
7 Training Course On “Solar Lights Assembling , Maintenance and Management” 15 days
8 Training course on “Leaf plate making” 3 days
9
Training course on “ Conversion of Handmade Paper in to value added
products Bags”
4 days
10 Training course on “Preparation Methods of Herbal beauty care Products” 4 days
11
Training Course on Product Development from Tribal Jewellery blended
with Pearls and Fashion Jewellery
10 days
12 Training course on “Bee keeping for promotion of livelihood” 5 days
13 Training on Hands on training with Tube light Reglowing technology 3 days
14 Training course on “ Natural Dye Process”. 15 days

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