Dicing solar cells can optimize surface area for CubeSats while providing necessary power. CXBN-2's solar panels will test dicing and electrically connecting diced cells in series to maintain positive power output. Cells need dicing to achieve voltage matching. This project will dice solar cell interconnects to satisfy small satellite requirements with optimal area and power. Testing shows diced cells maintain efficiency if undamaged, but fogging from fast dicing causes permanent damage. Dicing successfully if kept below 0.5mm/s cut rate.
Multi-Core Architectural Decomposition Methods for Low-Power Symmetric and As...Mark Benson
Presentation at Design West (was Embedded Systems Conference (ESC), by Mark Benson on March 27th, 2012.
ABSTRACT: Thanks to the laws of physics and the practical limits on rates of thermal heat dissipation, CPU clock cycles in integrated circuits are no longer increasing year-over-year at the same rate that memory densities are.
For this reason, we have seen a proliferation of multi-core CPUs for commercial desktop PCs, and are now beginning to see this trend impact embedded systems as well.
This presentation explains intersecting variables of performance, power, and complexity, and how these variables change dynamically in a multi-core embedded environment.
The primary focus of this presentation is to delineate tools and techniques for managing homogeneous and heterogeneous embedded cores through intelligent architectural decomposition, particularly when low-power design is a primary constraint.
Multi-Core Architectural Decomposition Methods for Low-Power Symmetric and As...Mark Benson
Presentation at Design West (was Embedded Systems Conference (ESC), by Mark Benson on March 27th, 2012.
ABSTRACT: Thanks to the laws of physics and the practical limits on rates of thermal heat dissipation, CPU clock cycles in integrated circuits are no longer increasing year-over-year at the same rate that memory densities are.
For this reason, we have seen a proliferation of multi-core CPUs for commercial desktop PCs, and are now beginning to see this trend impact embedded systems as well.
This presentation explains intersecting variables of performance, power, and complexity, and how these variables change dynamically in a multi-core embedded environment.
The primary focus of this presentation is to delineate tools and techniques for managing homogeneous and heterogeneous embedded cores through intelligent architectural decomposition, particularly when low-power design is a primary constraint.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO OBTAIN MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT FROM SOLAR PANEL USING PSOijsrd.com
The configuration of a most extreme force point following (MPPT) controller for a sun based photovoltaic force framework is proposed using a help converter topology utilizing PSO calculation. Sunlight based board voltage and current are consistently checked by a shut circle focused around PSO microcontroller control framework, and the obligation cycle of the help converter persistently changed in accordance with concentrate greatest force. Framework testing affirms crest force following under changing lighting conditions. Under particular conditions, efficiencies in overabundance of 96% are demonstrated to be conceivable.
Systematic Approaches to Ensure Correct Representation of Measured Multi-Irra...Kenneth J. Sauer
Presented at the Sandia Photovoltaic PV Performance Modeling Collaborative (PVPMC) Workshop in May 2013. The concepts of self-reference irradiance, Isc linearity checks, and deviations in efficiency relative to reference conditions (and associated adjustments involving all three) are introduced in addition to the primary topic at hand (PVsyst one-diode model parameter optimization based on measured data). A common vernacular for the deviation in efficiency Eta relative (Rel.) to reference conditions is "delta Eta Rel." (if reference conditions are STC, then it's "delta Eta Rel. STC"). However, in reality, it's "dev Eta Rel." & "dev Eta Rel. STC", respectively.
Integrated solar energy harvesting and storageAbhi Abhinav
This presentation is a representation of IEEE journal and the topic is taken and analysed and posted to give an idea about how solar energy can be utilised
A NOVEL APPROACH TO OBTAIN MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT FROM SOLAR PANEL USING PSOijsrd.com
The configuration of a most extreme force point following (MPPT) controller for a sun based photovoltaic force framework is proposed using a help converter topology utilizing PSO calculation. Sunlight based board voltage and current are consistently checked by a shut circle focused around PSO microcontroller control framework, and the obligation cycle of the help converter persistently changed in accordance with concentrate greatest force. Framework testing affirms crest force following under changing lighting conditions. Under particular conditions, efficiencies in overabundance of 96% are demonstrated to be conceivable.
Systematic Approaches to Ensure Correct Representation of Measured Multi-Irra...Kenneth J. Sauer
Presented at the Sandia Photovoltaic PV Performance Modeling Collaborative (PVPMC) Workshop in May 2013. The concepts of self-reference irradiance, Isc linearity checks, and deviations in efficiency relative to reference conditions (and associated adjustments involving all three) are introduced in addition to the primary topic at hand (PVsyst one-diode model parameter optimization based on measured data). A common vernacular for the deviation in efficiency Eta relative (Rel.) to reference conditions is "delta Eta Rel." (if reference conditions are STC, then it's "delta Eta Rel. STC"). However, in reality, it's "dev Eta Rel." & "dev Eta Rel. STC", respectively.
Integrated solar energy harvesting and storageAbhi Abhinav
This presentation is a representation of IEEE journal and the topic is taken and analysed and posted to give an idea about how solar energy can be utilised
study of 12 kw solar office system at atomic energy centre chittagongINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In this article, A Study of 12KW Solar Office System (SOS) at Atomic Energy Centre Chittagong (AECC) has been presented. The SOS has total of 12KW install capacity (panels) with 220V AC, 50 Hz, Single phase (off-grid) power supply consists of forty eight Solar Panels (250W, 30V, 6.25A), three Solar Charge Controllers with MPPT (48V, 60A), three Inverters (5000VA, 48V), a Battery Bank of 1531AH total twenty four batteries (12V, 130AH) and required accessories (mounting structures, cables and clamps, solar breakers, output breakers, energy meters etc.). This study has been completed according to notification of award for supply, installation, testing and commissioning of solar energy setup under establishment of atomic energy centre project at sholashoar, East Nasirabad, Chittagong.
1. Solar Cell CIC Optimization and
Factorization for CXBN-2
Lead Engineer:
Jacob R. Wade
2. Dicing solar cells can be an effective method of optimizing
surface area and packing factor on CubeSats , while
providing the necessary wattage.
CXBN2’s solar panels will be tested to see if dicing solar
cells and electrically connecting the string of diced cells in
series will keep a positive power output for mission
success.
Need to dice solar cells in order to achieve voltage
matching for each string of cells.
Why?
3. Purpose of CIC Dicing
CIC- Solar Cell Interconnects Coverglass
This project will involve dicing the solar cell CIC
to satisfy the small satellite system requirements
while having the most effective surface area and
providing the necessary wattage.
4. CXBN-2 Solar Cell System
Original Mission
• Double fold out solar panels have a double
hinge system
CXBN2 original solar array design
• Payload power requirement is less, each
payload reduced to ~1 watt each.
• Less Risk
• Less Expensive
Single Fold Out Design
CXBN2 Model
5. Solar Cell
• Solar Cells are from Azur Space.
• Approximately 30% Triple Junction GaAs Solar
Cell
• Type: TJ Solar Cell 3G30C - Advanced
• Equipped with an integrated bypass diode, which
protects the adjacent cell in the string.
(Solid works Model)
6. Before Dicing Full Cell Test
Azure Space Data
Full Cell Data Before Dicing
Azure Space Solar Cell Testing
Original Cell Data From Azure Space
Date: 3/23/15
Isc mA Voc V Max Power
Cell: 80361 1344 58 509.3 2.694 1372.0 mW
80361 1344 60 512.5 2.713 1390.4 mW
Azure Space Solar Cell Testing
Full Cell Test Data (Measured)
Date: 3/23/15
Isc mA Voc V Max Power
Cell: 80361 1344 58 489.5 2.46 1204.1 mW
80361 1344 60 502.3 2.48 1245.7 mW
Scale Factor from Azure Space
Data sheet to testing procedures by
a factor of 1.05.
8. Solar Cell Dicing Process
Work was performed at University of Louisville
Mico Nano Technology
Cutting the cells in two cuts and three pieces to
test efficiency.
CubeSats need specific cuts for maximum
surface area and to fit to design constraints.
Dicing Saw
Diamond embedded
dicing saw
Vacuum Chuck
Entering in cutting dimensions
12. Azure Space Solar Cell Testing
Original Cell Data From Azure Space
Isc mA Voc V Max Power
Cell: 80361 1344 58 509.3 2.6 1372.0 mW
80361 1344 60 512.5 2.7 1390.4 mW
Testing after dicing
Azure Space Solar Cell Testing
Cut Cell Test Data (Measured)
Isc mA Voc V Max Power
Cell: 80361 1344 58 169.6 7.8 1323.4 mW
80361 1344 60 170.6 7.6 1297.0 mW
13. Dicing Issues
Cell Chipping and Fogging along
cuts.
What caused the fogging and cracking?
Chipped Cell after dicing
15. Possible Causes of fogging damage
• Speed rate of dicing saw.
• Vibrations from saw.
• Temperature increase.
• Water might not have been the best solution
to dice with.
• Will thermal bake and vacuum remove
fogging?
16. Testing at MSU
• After cells are diced they under went
performance testing
• Power output and voltage max power, to
Azure Space datasheet measured under AM0.
• Extrapolate Cut Cell Power Output @ AM0?
• Compare Efficiency of cells at max power.
17. Testing Model (Indoor and Outdoor)
Conditions:
Indoor under Halide and Flood lamps to simulate part
of the visible light solar spectrum from 500nm-700nm.
Humidity= 0% Room Temp= 20℃
Outside: AM1.0-1.2;
Sunny (No Clouds)
Region Forecast- 26.6 - 31.6℃
Temp. Measured- 31.1℃
Humidity 88%
Wind @ 2MPH (TWC)
Time: 12:51 AM - 1:51 PM
Cells were placed onto 3D printed plates
18. Testing Performance after dicing at MSU
Solar Light Table- Uncalibrated but simulates
solar spectrum indoor.
AM0
The spectrum outside the atmosphere,
approximated by the 5,800 K black body, is
referred to as "AM0", meaning "zero
atmospheres". Solar cells used for space power
applications, like those on communications
satellites are generally characterized using
AM0.
AM1
The spectrum after travelling through the
atmosphere to sea level with the sun directly
overhead is referred to, by definition, as
"AM1". This means "one atmosphere". AM1
(z=0°) to AM1.1 (z=25°) is a useful range for
estimating performance of solar cells in
equatorial and tropical regions.
Indoor Solar Light Table
20. -0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
PowerOutput(mW)
Voltage (V)
P-V Curve
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
PowerOutput(mW)
Voltage (V)
P-V Curve
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Power(mW)
Voltage(V)
P-V Curve
Max Power = 0.837W
Max Power = 0.732W
Max Power = 0.787W
(2.22v,0.787 W)
Full Cell Test 2-
Full Cell Test 1
(2.2v,0.837W)
Cut Cell Test Max Power Point-
(6.78v,0.732W)
Power Output Results
(AM1)
CutAM0= (CutAM1.5)*((FullAM0) / (FullAM1))
CutAM0= (0.837W)(1.205W)/(0.812W)
CutAM0= 1.086W
21. Thermal Vacuum Residual Gas Analysis Testing
Thermal Vacuum RGA test to
determine the effect of the space
environment on fogged regions on
diced cells.
Start = Saturday, June 04, 2016
4:46:40 PM:000
Span = 4 Day(s) 20 Hour(s) 33 Min(s)
20 Sec(s)
Three Thermocouples (TC)
TC1– Between Aluminum plate and
kapton Tape.
TC2- Cell #60 (Top Row)-Left Cut
TC3- Cell #58 (Bottom Row)-Right Cut
Other Measurements
Platen Temperature
Oven Temperature- 21.85℃ - 80℃
Pressure– 9.3x10-7 Torr
22. Test Conditions
Oven Max 63.6 ℃
TC1 Max 100.8 ℃
TC2 Max 98.6 ℃
TC3 Max 101.8 ℃
Platen Max 92.3 ℃
Pressure 9.98E-07 Torr
23. Post TVAC Fogging Inspection
Cut Cell
Left Cut Left Center Right Center Right Cut
24. Full Cell vs Cut Cell CXBN2 Mission
Requirements
Cut cells will provide more voltage at
Vmp(Voltage Max Power) AM0
compared to full cell.
• Full Cell is 29% efficient.
• Cut cell with no damage is 29% efficient.
• Cut cell at AM1.5 is ~28% due to fogging.
• Would have to connect two cells that are diced in
series with fold out panel to keep solar array at max
power output and solar efficiency.
25. Conclusions
Dicing method is successful as long as the cut
rate stays below 0.5mm/s.
Cut cells that are not damaged from dicing will
keep the same efficiency and provide the
mission requirements needed.
Fogging of cells is permanent damage, proof
after environmental testing.