The document provides an overview of the module line process for manufacturing solar panels. It describes the key components in a module line - the stringer, layup unit, laminator, and module tester. The stringer connects solar cells into strings through soldering. The layup unit arranges the strings on glass. The laminator applies heat and pressure to laminate the solar panel. Lastly, the module tester measures the panel's performance through a computer system connected to sensors. Taken together, these components form the manufacturing line that converts solar cells into completed solar panels.
The JB is a DC circuit breaker dedicated to multi string photovoltaic installations. This circuit breaker is designed to protect the cables located between each string of photovoltaic modules and the photovoltaic inverter against overloads and short circuits.
The JB is a DC circuit breaker dedicated to multi string photovoltaic installations. This circuit breaker is designed to protect the cables located between each string of photovoltaic modules and the photovoltaic inverter against overloads and short circuits.
Round Annapurna Trekking, as the name suggests is a trekking trail which takes trekkers around all the major attractions of the Annapurna Region. Also known as the Annapurna Circuit trek, this trial is a very popular one, opted by trekkers with an interest to observe not only the scenic beauty, but also the lifestyle of people living in the Annapurna region. The deepest gorge in the world, the Kali Gandaki, the viewpoint of Poon Hill, Muktinath; the pilgrim site for Buddhists and Hindus, Thorong La Pass etc are the major attractions of this must do trek. Various routes are being adapted to trek around the Annapurna region due to construction works being carried out in the main route.
The new, improved trial commences from Jomsom and passes through Dona Lake, Marpha, Larjung Titi and then to Taklung. From here, the trail moves further into Kunjo and Ghasa. Due to the limitation of lodging facilities, the old trial is still extensively used despit the construction works.
The old trekking route commences from Marsyangdi River Valley. From here treks are done into Besisahar, Manang and upwards to the Thorong La Pass at an altitude of 5416 m. Thorong La Pass is a perfect viewpoint for observing 360 degree view of various mountain ranges including Machapuchhre, Hiunchuli, Lamjung, Tukuche, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Manaslu, Nilgiri and Tilicho. Proper acclimatization is necessary before ascending up the Thorong La Pass to avoid any altitude sickness issues. Muktinath and Braga, the pilgrimage sites both for Hindus and Buddhists, is another major attraction. Trekkers can even walk along the deepest gorge in the world, formed by the cut between the Dhaulagiri and Nilgiri. Further up lays Jomsom from where the trail comes to an end in Kagbeni.
With many trials to choose form, the Round Annapurna Trekking trial never ceases to amaze trekkers with the mystical topography of the Kali Gandaki Valley. With the support and hospitality of the ethnic inhabitants of the region, the Round Annapurna Trek can be completed with less trouble and full satisfaction. Spring season is best suited for embarking in this adventure. For more http://www.asianmysterytreks.com/trekking/round-annapurna-trekking/
This presentation "Virtual Reality" is based on a paper "An Approach to Consistent Displayingof Virtual Reality Moving Objects"
Author : Renoy Reji
Christ University
Bengaluru-560029
email : renoyreji@gmail.com
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Desgin and development of solar powered air conditioning sysytemAkshay Saraf
Using solar powered air conditioning is useful both inside and outside.
In this PPT we will discuss about the calculation of solar powered air conditioning system
In presentation photovoltaic effect, solar cell material, types of solar cell, working principle, solar pv module, PV systems, Sizing of solar PV system etc are included.
Trackers direct solar panels or modules towards sun. These devices change their orientation throughout the day to follow the sun's path to maximize energy capture.In photovoltaic systems, trackers help minimize the angle of incidence (the angle that a ray of light makes with a line perpendicular to the surface) between the incoming light and the panel, which increases the amount of energy the installation produces. Concentrated solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar thermal have optics that directly accepts sunlight, so solar trackers must be angled correctly to collect energy
Round Annapurna Trekking, as the name suggests is a trekking trail which takes trekkers around all the major attractions of the Annapurna Region. Also known as the Annapurna Circuit trek, this trial is a very popular one, opted by trekkers with an interest to observe not only the scenic beauty, but also the lifestyle of people living in the Annapurna region. The deepest gorge in the world, the Kali Gandaki, the viewpoint of Poon Hill, Muktinath; the pilgrim site for Buddhists and Hindus, Thorong La Pass etc are the major attractions of this must do trek. Various routes are being adapted to trek around the Annapurna region due to construction works being carried out in the main route.
The new, improved trial commences from Jomsom and passes through Dona Lake, Marpha, Larjung Titi and then to Taklung. From here, the trail moves further into Kunjo and Ghasa. Due to the limitation of lodging facilities, the old trial is still extensively used despit the construction works.
The old trekking route commences from Marsyangdi River Valley. From here treks are done into Besisahar, Manang and upwards to the Thorong La Pass at an altitude of 5416 m. Thorong La Pass is a perfect viewpoint for observing 360 degree view of various mountain ranges including Machapuchhre, Hiunchuli, Lamjung, Tukuche, Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Manaslu, Nilgiri and Tilicho. Proper acclimatization is necessary before ascending up the Thorong La Pass to avoid any altitude sickness issues. Muktinath and Braga, the pilgrimage sites both for Hindus and Buddhists, is another major attraction. Trekkers can even walk along the deepest gorge in the world, formed by the cut between the Dhaulagiri and Nilgiri. Further up lays Jomsom from where the trail comes to an end in Kagbeni.
With many trials to choose form, the Round Annapurna Trekking trial never ceases to amaze trekkers with the mystical topography of the Kali Gandaki Valley. With the support and hospitality of the ethnic inhabitants of the region, the Round Annapurna Trek can be completed with less trouble and full satisfaction. Spring season is best suited for embarking in this adventure. For more http://www.asianmysterytreks.com/trekking/round-annapurna-trekking/
This presentation "Virtual Reality" is based on a paper "An Approach to Consistent Displayingof Virtual Reality Moving Objects"
Author : Renoy Reji
Christ University
Bengaluru-560029
email : renoyreji@gmail.com
Home Appliances: Basic principle and block diagram of microwave oven; washing machine hardware and software, components of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, Proximity Sensors and accelerometer sensors in home appliances.
Desgin and development of solar powered air conditioning sysytemAkshay Saraf
Using solar powered air conditioning is useful both inside and outside.
In this PPT we will discuss about the calculation of solar powered air conditioning system
In presentation photovoltaic effect, solar cell material, types of solar cell, working principle, solar pv module, PV systems, Sizing of solar PV system etc are included.
Trackers direct solar panels or modules towards sun. These devices change their orientation throughout the day to follow the sun's path to maximize energy capture.In photovoltaic systems, trackers help minimize the angle of incidence (the angle that a ray of light makes with a line perpendicular to the surface) between the incoming light and the panel, which increases the amount of energy the installation produces. Concentrated solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar thermal have optics that directly accepts sunlight, so solar trackers must be angled correctly to collect energy
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3. Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are
absorbed by semiconducting materials, such as
silicon.
Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked
loose from their atoms, allowing them to flow
through the material to produce electricity.
Due to the special composition of solar cells, the
electrons are only allowed to move in a single
direction.
An array of solar cells converts solar energy
into a usable amount of direct current (DC)
electricity.
Working….
4. So this was the basic principal and working …. And the array
Of solar cells is constructed by several modules
Obtained from the module line.
5. SO WHAT DOES A MODULE LINE CONSISTS
OF????
STRINGER
LAY UP
LAMINATOR
MODULE TESTER
THIS IS THE LINE WE TERM AS MODULE
LINE SINCE WE OBTAIN A COMPLETE
MODULE FROM SILICON CELLS AS BASIC
RAW MATERIAL.
7. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Rapid two:
Voltage 3 x 400V
Frequency 50 Hz
Power 45 Kilo
watt
Rated Current 80
Amperes
Air pressure 6 bar
Layup unit:
•Voltage 3x 400V
•Frequency
50Hz
•Power 11
Kilowatt
•Rated current
20 Ampere
•Air pressure 6
8. TO BE MORE SPECIFIC ABOUT
STRINGER…..
Stringer line consists of
Cell loading suction cups
Pre-work Conveyor where cells are loaded.
Cell alignment camera for checking the cells.
Stretching unit, scrimping unit, tab cutting unit
used for tab to be aligned over the cells.
Main conveyor with tab gripper for tab
transferring.
soldering head/cylinders for soldering the tab
to the cells.
9. TEMPERATURE DETAILS FOR SOLDERING:
Pre-heating zones
Zone1 Zone
2
Zone
3
Zone
4
Zone
5
Zone
6
Zone
7
Zone
8
Zone 9 Zone
10
70° 80° 110° 118° 225° 225° 118° 110° 80° 70°
These are the approximate values and distributed over 7 blocks , which the main
is divided into.
Soldering head temperatures
1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2
241° 241° 241° 241° 241° 241°
Cooling plates are attached to the solder heads which presses after
the soldering is done for a minimal time of 750ms to 900ms for a
better output.
10. LAY UP
Also known as gantry unit consists of….
• Off load arm transfer the string from main
conveyor to lay up arm.
• Lay up arm this carries the strings to place
on the glass(covered with EVA sheet).this
arm moves in X-axis, Z-axis and C-axis to
place the strings in order.
• VNC camera for checking the positivity and
negativity of the strings mainly.
11. After layup it is sent for busing or interconnection
of the strings in series….
Consider :10 cells per string
x 6 strings
= 60 cells.
Each cell generates a
power of 3.98W(approx)
We know,
P=P1+P2+…….+P60
Or, P1 x60
=> 60 x 3.98W = 238.8W
12. LAMINATOR
Once the panel comes out from stringer, layup
line and inter-connection of the strings are
done, it’s sent for lamination.
Which is making a compact module toughened
to last longer and hence increases life.
13. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Voltage 3 x 400V
Frequency 50 Hz
Power 175 Kilo watt
Rated Current 180 Amperes
Max- pre fuse current 200 Amperes
14. WHAT DOES IT BASICALLY INCLUDES????
Heating
chamber
Oil pump
chamber
Heating
chamber
Oil pump
chamber
Cooling
chamber
Laminator line
And What makes it unique is----- the medium of
heating the chambers is oil….which gives a uniform
heating and less chances of problems .
15. RECIPE:
So for running modules with different glass type
we need to prepare recipe, where the following
parameters are required to be set accordingly
Temperature
Pin up and pin down time
Pressing time
Pressure
Venting rate
After feeding the recipe the process is started
once the set temperature is reached the
modules are released from the transport
conveyor.
16. LAMINATOR CHAMBER’S WORKING….
Heating chamber 1:
The modules settles on the heating plate ---
at this point upper chamber pressure is 0 bar
and lower chamber pressure is 1 bar.
The glass sits on pins (pin up)--- at the same
time the lower chamber starts evacuating.
Suction starts from both upper as well as
lower chamber.
This continues for 360 seconds(on the basis
of raw material) as per recipe.
17. CONTINUES…. FOR HEATING CHAMBER 1:
Next pins are down but suction is on for
lower chamber, for upper chamber
pressure starts increasing to 1bar and
pressing takes place.
This continues for 120seconds(on the
basis of raw mat.)
18. LAMINATOR CHAMBER’S WORKING….
CONTINUED…
Heating chamber 2:
Once the above process is over module moves on
from 1st heating chamber to 2nd.
Here the only difference is that, no pin-up position
is there.
In this chamber, the complete 480 seconds(pin up+
pressing time + sync. time) the upper chamber
presses and the suction takes place in lower
chamber.
After this the module moves into the cooling
chamber.
[note: the pressure is applied by the membrane fixed
to the upper chamber]
19. LAMINATOR CHAMBER’S WORKING….
CONTINUED…
Cooling chamber:
In this chamber the modules in hot state are
passed in.
Water acts as coolant and atmospheric air and
ventilator fans enhance in keeping the water cooler.
Hence the coolant is circulated through grids in
both upper and lower section which presses the
module thereby absorbs the temperature by the
process of convection.
21. Key points:
The glass modules are transported with the help of
transport sheets.
Upper transport sheets are 1 more then the lower
sheets, since the chain is lengthier then the lower
chain on which the sheets are fixed.
Temperature is controlled by 10 sensors fixed on the
heating plates.
Specification of the modules:
Module type Length(mm) Width(mm) Area(m²)
72 cell 1998 993 1.984
60 cell 1682 982 1.651
48 cell 1331 993 1.321
22. Before the modules are sent for testing, junction box is
attached which contains Connectors interconnected
by diodes …
23. WHAT IS MODULE TESTER??
The testing unit for the
solar modules…
It collects the feedback
about the module and help
us analyze the state of it…
25. WHAT DOES THE PASAN MODULE TESTER
CONSISTS OF!!!
A Tunnel.
Two xenon bulbs of 50LM/ watt .
A monitor cell.
Computer system.
Electronic load.
Flash generator .
Printer.
Label printer .
26. SO HOW DO THEY GET CONNECTED…& WHY ARE
THEY REQUIRED!!!
27. FUNCTIONS FOR EACH CAN BE STATED AS
BELOW
A monitor cell fixed for collecting the data and transferring
the same to the electronic load.(defined below)
Computer system for storing the data and providing the
visual output.
Electronic load collects the measurement data from the
module or rather from the monitor cell and does the
calculation for various parameters to further feed it to the
system.
Printer for obtaining printout of the performance
measurement values for each solar module tested.
Label printer for providing a brief quotation about the
measurements obtained (especially for the customers
purchasing the modules.)
Flash generator this supplies power for the xenon bulb and
signal to the electronic load.
28. SO WE CAN OBTAIN BASICALLY THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION'S:
30. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:
Q. Area required for the module line?
A: basically 2000m² for 25MW line and 3500m² for 65MW line.
Q. What is the average cell breakage rate per day?
A: for 180micron cells the breakage rate is 0.2 to 0.3/day. When
using cells of less thickness breakage rate is around 0.5/per
day.
Q. What is the Laminator heating plate area?
A: 2200 x 3600 mm².
Q. Calculation procedure for 25MW line?
A: 22.5Hrs/day x 16 modules/hr (960 cells) x 4watts/cell average
x 293 days(excluding Sundays and 20 national holidays) =
25.31 MW.
Q. Why are diodes used in junction box?
A: For creating bypass routes for the flow of power in case one
31. Q. How many modules of 60 cells , 72 cells and 48 cells
can be sent into the laminator for one cycle?
A: For 60 cells & 48 cells = 4 modules ; For 72 cells = 3
modules .
Can be calculated from the size of the glass and
laminator heating plate accordingly.
Q. Cell capacity for rapid two stringer per hour?
A: for rapid two cell loading per hour is 1200cells, for
rapid four it is 2400 cells per hour.
Q. Is it possible to install air condition inside PASAN
tunnel?
A: No obstacles can be installed in the tunnel.
Q. Will RFID data software be provided by PASAN?
A: currently a feature they do support.
Frequentlyasked questions continued…
32. A WARM THANKS FOR ALL YOUR ATTENTION…
any questions…..please!