This document discusses renewable energy and its importance. It defines renewable energy as energy from resources that can be replenished, such as biomass, solar, wind, and hydropower. It outlines various types of renewable energy like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal power. The document advocates for greater use of renewable energy to preserve the environment for future generations and reduce dependence on non-renewable resources that will eventually be depleted.

1. Renewable
Preserve, Protect,
Energy
and Sustain
By: Yavnika
Kumar

2. Content
 Introduction to Person Project
 Introduction to Renewable Energy
 Background
 Types of Renewable Energy
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 IEA (International Energy Agency)
 The Future
 Help
 Facts
 References

3. Introduction to Personal
Project
Being a Grade 10 student at the American International School of Mozambique,
I am required to do my Personal Project to complete the MYP curriculum before moving on
to IB. I have chosen the environment as my topic for my personal project and I have
researched on renewable energy. I have always tried to preserve nature because I
understand the importance of maintaining our environment. There have been numerous
occasions where our society has been very careless about sustaining resources. In the
coming years, the future generation of our world will be facing tremendous amounts of
adversities if we do not start to preserve mother nature immediately. Several countries and
organizations have already started to support this cause and have also started to take
action. Our society has to start using renewable energy at any cost.
My aim for this project to enlighten people on why it is crucial to understand the
relevance of this topic. I will be discussing several advantages of renewable energy. I will
try to give advice on the basis of what I have learnt and researched about until now. If I
succeed in educating people on renewable energy, I will have achieved my goal.

4. Introduction to
Renewable Energy
 Energy has two main forms: nonrenewable energy and renewable energy.
 “Nonrenewable energy is a natural resource which cannot be reproduced, grown,
generated, or used on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate, once depleted
there is no more available for future needs.”(en.wikipedia.org)
 “Renewable Energy is any naturally occurring, theoretically inexhaustible source of
energy, as biomass, solar, wind, tidal, wave, and hydroelectric power, that is not derived
from fossil or nuclear fuel.” (dictionary.reference.com)
 In simple words, renewable energy is energy which can be reused whereas
nonrenewable energy is energy which cannot be reused.
 Our resources such as coal and petroleum will soon be depleted and unless we already
have a well – developed energy production system, our world might not survive such
circumstances. (climatepedia.org)
 The rate at which we are consuming sources of energy is growing consistently and the
prices of energy resources have also risen due to their decreasing abundance.
(climatepedia.org)
 A relevant portion of our world is dependent on jobs pertaining to resources and if these
people lose their jobs due to the curtailing energy sources, it will only add to the world’s
economic crisis where thousands of people are still unemployed. (climatepedia.org)
 At this point of time, it is important to begin saving energy in any way we can to reduce
the impacts of the diminishing resources in the future. (climatepedia.org)

5. History and
Background
Renewable energy has
come a long way even
though its relevance in
our world was discovered
in the last few centuries. (blogs.triplealearning.c
om)
Fire was probably
mankind's first discovery
ever and also the first
usage of renewable energy.
As ape-man discovered
fire, they used to burn dw.de/image/0,,15952422_401,00.
jpg
biomass which is leaves
More than 2000 years ago,
and wood to create fire.
people living in India, China,
(2greenenergy.com) and Rome built watermills to
grind grains. The usage of
hydrokinetics is still upheld in
several unindustrialized parts of
(4to40.com our world. The real difference
) today is extracting the same
renewable energy without
(top-alternative-energy-
sources.com)
harming aquatic life abound in
the rivers and oceans.

6. Bioma Solar
ss Power
Types of
Renewable
Energy
Geothermal
Energy
Hydropow Wind

7. Bioma
ss
 It is energy obtained through organic
material.
 Power plants burn biomass fuel
(wood, landfill trash, and leaves) to
heat water.
 The water transforms into steam which
turns in a steam turbine to produce
electricity.
 Cow manure is also being converted
into biomass for production of energy.
Solar
 Wood is the largest source of biomass
fuel since everyone uses it, even in
Power
their homes.  Photovoltaic cells, also known as solar
 Organic components from industrial cells, absorb the suns radiation using
wastes are also being tried to be silicon.
converted into biomass.  This process involves the movement
(greenenergychoice.com) and displacement of electrons to
produce electricity.
(renewableenergyworld.com)
 Large – scale mirrors are also used to
absorb heat.
 The mirrors aid in heating water or
producing steam to generate
electricity (hydropower)
(greenenergychoice.com)

8. Hydrop
ower
 About 73% of all renewable energy
sources
 Generated by flowing water
 Water pushes through a piping called
a penstock which turns the generator
on.
 Consists of wave and tidal energy
 Scientists are trying to control energy
produced by the movement of the
ocean. Geothermal
 Dams are constructed to exploit the
flowing water.
Energy
 E.g.: The largest dam in the US – The  In other words, it is the heat from the
Hoover Dam earth.
(greenenergychoice.com)  Extremely pure and sustainable
 Geothermal energy is trapped
underground.
 It rises above the surface and
produces heat or steam which is
harnessed to generate electricity.
(greenenergychoice.com)
(renewableenergyworld.com)

9. Wind Power Oth
 A simple process which involves the
ers
movement of wind turbines to
 Ocean energy:
produce energy.
- It produces two types of energy –
 The energy is supplied into a thermal and mechanical energy.
generator which is converted once - Thermal energy is obtained from the
again into electricity. suns rays on the surface of the water.
 The electricity is stored in power - Mechanical energy is obtained
grids supplied to the power station. through the tides and waves of the
ocean.
 Wind power had the most potential - The ocean is the world’s largest
since there is a huge amount of sunlight collector since it covers 70%
land including consistent wind of the earth.
movements. - Energy is stored using hot vapors
from the warm water of the ocean.
(greenenergychoice.com)
- In some systems, the water is boiled
and the steam is collected through
turbines which is converted into
energy.
- In mechanical energy, the tides are
controlled by the gravitational pull of
the moon, and the waves are
controlled by wave.
- Mechanical devices are used for the
energy created by the waves and
tides.

10. Advantages
 The renewable resources are nearly infinite.
 Renewable energy sources have low carbon emissions and thus, a lower
impact on the environment. Fossil fuel have virulent effects on the
environment such as “smog, acid rain, and global warming”.
(climatepedia.org)
 Its usage aids in creating job opportunities for the people.
 Economic growth is assured.
 The non – renewable energy sources will diminish in a couple years,
leaving us without any established resources.
 You do not have to rely on other countries for these resources as they can
be easily found in any country.
 The price of electricity will rise since the prices of crude oil are likely to rise
as well. A better energy resource would be needed immediately when this
happens.
 People who support environmental friendly ways can receive special
advantages such as tax waivers and credit deductions.
 Less maintenance is needed in renewable energy wind farms than in
mechanical machines. (solarschool.net)
(conserve-energy-future.com)

11. Disadvant
ages
 Sunlight is only found during the daytime which makes it
inconvenient to use at night.
 Geothermal energy has damaging side effects since if the toxins
found in the surface of the earth emerge, they can become
hazardous.
 The initial costs of setting up a plant are quite expensive.
 The cost of the construction of dams is not cheap.
 Wildlife and the natural flow of water is affected by the construction
of dams.
 Wind energy is not as reliable as it seems since an ideal location
must be chosen to create the wind farm.
 The wind farms will most certainly have an impact on the bird
population since they can prove to be fatal.
 It might be a bit difficult to produce a large amount of energy which
will sustain a large population.
 Renewable energy depends on the weather greatly which makes it
difficult to obtain during different circumstances. An example would
be the necessity of rain to produce energy in hydroelectric dams. A
clear sky would be needed for solar energy. (solarschools.net)

12. IEA (International Energy
Agency)
Based in Paris, it is a self-governed
organization which was established in 1974
due to the oil crisis which occurred in 1973. It
serves as an informational source about the
international energy sectors. There are 28
member states but it cooperates with non-
members as well such as India, China, and
Russia. Its main focus has been summarized in
the 3E’s or three policies which are energy
security, economic development, and
environmental protection.
Energy security is the promotion of flexibility
and diversity in all energy sectors.
Environmental awareness handles the
knowledge of climate changes and problems
acquainted with it. Engagement worldwide is
the collaboration of member states, the
producers and consumers, to resolve energy

13. The Future
 “The future belongs to renewable energy” (Brad
Collins, Executive Director of the American Solar Energy
Society)
 The advantages of renewable energy sources must overrule the
disadvantages of the non – renewable energy sources.
 Our future generations will suffer a lot if we do not take action
immediately.
 We must realize that energy is precious and that an equilibrium
is required in all aspects of life. We must use renewable in
abundance and non – renewable energy sources in limitations.
 We will save quite a lot of money if we implement environmental
friendly ideas.
 We will be able to effectively reduce air pollution which is a
growing concern in today’s world.
(botany.uwc.ac.za)

14. Help
 You can help by doing the following:
- Replace regular incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent light bulb.
- Clean and replace your air conditioners filters.
- Purchase energy efficient and environmental friendly appliances and products
only.
- Do not leave your appliance on stand – by. Turn them off when not needed.
- Defrost freezers on a regular bases so that they do not consume too much
energy.
- Use the washing machine and dishwasher when they are full. It saves energy by
not turning them on and off several times to wash dished/clothes.
- Take a shower instead of a bath. Saves water.
- Less hot water should be used. Too much energy is required to heat the water.
- Use clothing lines instead of dryers to dry your clothes.
- Recycle as much as you can.
- Reuse shopping bags.
- Plant trees and increase the oxygen intake in your house.
- Consume locally planted food. It will save fuel and increase the economic growth
of your community.
- Buy organic food to remove as much as 580 pounds of carbon dioxide from the

15. References (websites):
WEBSITES:
 A Brief History of Renewable Energy. N.d. Photograph. 2 Green Energy. By Http://2greenenergy.com. Web. 2 Dec. 2012.
<http://2greenenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/infographic1.png>.
 Brown Paper Bag. "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Renewable Energy." Renewable Energy:. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.solarschools.net/resources/stuff/advantages_and_disadvantages.aspx>.
 Climatepedia.org. "Renewable Energy: Knowledge." Renewable Energy. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.climatepedia.org/Renewable-Energy>.
 Conserve Energy Future. "What Is Energy?" Renewable & Non-Renewable Energy Sources. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/>.
 Department of Energy., and National Renewable Energy Laboratory. "Ocean Energy." RE News RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/ocean-energy>.
 Energy and Development Group. "The Importance of Saving Energy." The Importance of Saving Energy. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/inforeep/energy2.htm>.
 Groce, Pam. "Renewable Energy Fact Sheets." Renewable Energy Fact Sheets. SECO, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.infinitepower.org/factsheets.htm>.
 Http://lightbulbs.org/. "Light Bulbs." Light Bulbs. WordPress, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. <http://lightbulbs.org/50-ways-to-conserve-energy>.
 IEA.org. "Related Content." IEA. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. <http://www.iea.org/aboutus/whatwedo/>.
 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and Department of Energy. "Ocean Energy." RE News RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/ocean-energy>.
 Natural Resources Defense Council. "Renewable Energy For America: Harvesting the Benefits of Homegrown, Renewable Energy." What Is
Renewable Energy, Types of Renewable Energy Sources. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. <http://www.nrdc.org/energy/renewables/>.
 Schwartz, Ariel. "CleanTechnica." CleanTechnica. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. <http://cleantechnica.com/2008/07/29/4-reasons-why-germany-
is-a-renewable-energy-success-story/>.
 Scorecard, Power. "20 THINGS YOU CAN DO TO CONSERVE ENERGY." 20 THINGS YOU CAN DO TO CONSERVE ENERGY. Green Living
Magazine, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. <http://www.ecomall.com/greenshopping/20things.htm>.
 Walker, Cameron. "The Future of Alternative Energy." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 24 Oct. 2004. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/1028_041028_alternative_energy.html>.
 WhiteFence. "Renewable Energy: What Are My Options?" Types of Renewable Energy. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.greenenergychoice.com/green-guide/renewable-energy-types.html>.

16. References (images):
 4to40.com. Discovery of Fire. Digital image. 4to40.com - Science. Websolvent, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.4to40.com/images/science/fire/discovery_of_fire.jpg>.
 Conserve-energy-future.com. Digital image. Conserve Energy Furture. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2012.
<http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/SolarEnergy.php>.
 Dept. of Natural Resources & Conservation. Hydropower. Digital image. DNRC Water Resources Division.
Mt.gov, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2012. <http://www.dnrc.mt.gov/wrd/water_proj/hydro/hydropower.asp>.
 Northtrade.com. Geothermal Energy. Digital image. The Norwegian Trade Portal. N.p., 9 Apr. 2012. Web. 2
Dec. 2012. <http://www.nortrade.com/sectors/publications/cases/geothermal-energy/>.
 Schulke, Birgitta. A New Start for Old Mills. Digital image. Deutsche Welle. N.p., 25 May 2012. Web. 2 Dec.
2012. <http://www.dw.de/image/0,,15952422_401,00.jpg>.
 Solarpowernotes.com. Biomass Energy Sources Throught out the World. Digital image. Solar Power Notes.
N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2012. <http://www.solarpowernotes.com/renewable-energy/biomass-energy/biomass-
energy.html#.ULt_ueSR_5F>.
 Top-Alternative-Energy-Sources.com. The Watermill. Digital image. Alternative Energy Sources Naturally
Better Energy! SBI, n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2012. <http://www.top-alternative-energy-sources.com/watermill.html>.
 Triple a Ble. What’s Cooking? – The Evolution of Modern Man. Digital image. Triple A Learning. N.p., 13 Nov.
2011. Web. 2 Dec. 2012. <http://blogs.triplealearning.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/discovery-of-fire.jpg>.