Predicting Resilient Modulus of Clayey Subgrade Soils by Means of Cone Penetr...Pouyan Fakharian
Resilient modulus (Mr) of subgrade soils is considered as one of the most important factors for designing flexible pavements using empirical methods as well as mechanistic-empirical methods. The resilient modulus is commonly measured by a dynamic triaxial loading test, which is complex and expensive. In this research, back-propagation artificial neural network method has been employed to model the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soils based on the results of the cone penetration test. The prediction of the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soil can be possible through the developed neural network based on the parameters of the cone tip resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs), moisture content (w), and dry density (γd). The results of the present study show that the coefficients of determination (R2) for training and testing sets are 0.9837 and 0.9757, respectively. According to the sensitivity analysis results, the moisture content is the least important parameter to predict the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soils, while the importance of other parameters is almost the same. In this study, the effect of different parameters on the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soil was evaluated using parametric analysis and it was found that with increasing the cone tip resistance (qc), the sleeve friction (fs) and the dry density (γd) and also with decreasing the moisture content (w) of soils, the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soils increases.
Model Study of Slope Stability in Open Pit by Numerical Modeling Using the Fi...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Model Study of Slope Stability in Open Pit by Numerical Modeling Using the Finite Element Method by Saadoun Abderrazak in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
An On-Situ Study of Stability Analysis on Slopes Using Undrained Shear Streng...IOSR Journals
The slope stability problems in residual soil are receiving increasing attention in recent years. The
stability of slope is one of the important criteria where consider worldwide for a wide range of engineering
projects. The rainfall seems to be the most common cause for landslide in residual soil slope. After a period of
continuous rainfall, soil becomes saturated and a wetting front is developed because of infiltration of rainwater
into the ground and into the slope surface respectively. The objective of the paper is to find threshold slope
based on undrained shear strength parameters.
Analysis of Bund to avoid breach in Irrigation system of Sindh, Pakistan.Farhan Hussain
Deformation problem and Instability may occur in roads of katcha regions in Sindh during floods. Here an example (in 2010) in north region of Sindh, Pakistan by failure of Thori Bund which not only fail the system of Irrigation but massive destruction comes in result due to failure of Thori bund 1.21 Million houses were damaged and 2.33 Million people were died. Regarding to this major accident we should measure the stability of existing Bunds to avoid the Flood Problem
Predicting Resilient Modulus of Clayey Subgrade Soils by Means of Cone Penetr...Pouyan Fakharian
Resilient modulus (Mr) of subgrade soils is considered as one of the most important factors for designing flexible pavements using empirical methods as well as mechanistic-empirical methods. The resilient modulus is commonly measured by a dynamic triaxial loading test, which is complex and expensive. In this research, back-propagation artificial neural network method has been employed to model the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soils based on the results of the cone penetration test. The prediction of the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soil can be possible through the developed neural network based on the parameters of the cone tip resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs), moisture content (w), and dry density (γd). The results of the present study show that the coefficients of determination (R2) for training and testing sets are 0.9837 and 0.9757, respectively. According to the sensitivity analysis results, the moisture content is the least important parameter to predict the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soils, while the importance of other parameters is almost the same. In this study, the effect of different parameters on the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soil was evaluated using parametric analysis and it was found that with increasing the cone tip resistance (qc), the sleeve friction (fs) and the dry density (γd) and also with decreasing the moisture content (w) of soils, the resilient modulus of clayey subgrade soils increases.
Model Study of Slope Stability in Open Pit by Numerical Modeling Using the Fi...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Model Study of Slope Stability in Open Pit by Numerical Modeling Using the Finite Element Method by Saadoun Abderrazak in Aspects in Mining & Mineral Science
An On-Situ Study of Stability Analysis on Slopes Using Undrained Shear Streng...IOSR Journals
The slope stability problems in residual soil are receiving increasing attention in recent years. The
stability of slope is one of the important criteria where consider worldwide for a wide range of engineering
projects. The rainfall seems to be the most common cause for landslide in residual soil slope. After a period of
continuous rainfall, soil becomes saturated and a wetting front is developed because of infiltration of rainwater
into the ground and into the slope surface respectively. The objective of the paper is to find threshold slope
based on undrained shear strength parameters.
Analysis of Bund to avoid breach in Irrigation system of Sindh, Pakistan.Farhan Hussain
Deformation problem and Instability may occur in roads of katcha regions in Sindh during floods. Here an example (in 2010) in north region of Sindh, Pakistan by failure of Thori Bund which not only fail the system of Irrigation but massive destruction comes in result due to failure of Thori bund 1.21 Million houses were damaged and 2.33 Million people were died. Regarding to this major accident we should measure the stability of existing Bunds to avoid the Flood Problem
Deep Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction Adopted to Treat Loose So...Hsuain
The current case study is concerning a facility located near Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The project consisted of three main categories
of design criteria to be achieved. It included nine Bearing Capacity and Settlement criteria for infinite, combined and isolated
foundations, Relative Density (Rd) criterion for Road/Open Areas and Liquefaction Risk Mitigation criterion for the entire site, which
encompassed an area of approximately 180,000m2. The allotted time for soil improvement works was limited to 6 months, due to the
project being of fast-track category. The soil profile was composed largely of granular material and the depth of improvement went
as deep as 10m. Both Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction are popular techniques in compacting granular material,
due to their high efficiency in achieving the design criteria and fast rate of improvement. The techniques are also cost-effective and
clean, in terms not requiring water nor electricity for operations compared to Vibro-Improvement counter techniques, proving to be
value-engineered options. The improvement area was segregated into three regions based on existing loose soils and fill compaction
requirements, wherein the techniques would be implemented independently or in combination with one another. The production
works lasted around 4.5 months. Post-Improvement Quality Control tests indicated the achievement of Design Criteria by a substantial
margin, exemplifying the efficiency of Deep Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction techniques in terms of achieving the
design criteria and a fast rate of production in operations.
The objective of this project is to calculate the factor of safety of a complex slope situation. The stress distribution zones are also shown in the project. The probability of slope failure can be shown using FLAC3D software.
COMPARISON OF SUBGRADE SOIL STRENGTH USING LIME & COST ANALYSISSk Md Nayar
Soil stabilization can be explained as the alteration of the soil properties by chemical or physical means in order to enhance the engineering quality of the soil. The main objectives of the soil stabilization is to increase the bearing capacity of the soil, its resistance to weathering process and soil permeability. The long-term performance of any construction project depends on the soundness of the underlying soils. Unstable soils can create significant problems for pavements or structures, Therefore soil stabilization techniques are necessary to ensure the good stability of soil so that it can successfully sustain the load of the superstructure especially in case of soil which are highly active, also it saves a lot of time and millions of money when compared to the method of cutting out and replacing the unstable soil. This project report deals with the complete analysis of the improvement of soil properties and its stabilization using lime.
Settlement prediction research on the gravel pile in soft soil subgradeIJERA Editor
Settlement prediction methods of soft subgrade based on the soil mechanical theories and mathematical statistics emerges in endlessly, but together with its limitations; the single theoretical calculation method maybe sometimes good, sometimes bad without the capacity to consider the change of the load; however the study of the theory of the combined forecast method is far from perfect. Under this situation, in view of the engineering practice in soft soil subgrade deformation law research in order to put forward a reasonable settlement prediction method, which is a problem urgently to be solved at present. Relying on gravel pile in soft soil subgrade construction in the highway K9+420-K9+550 section, and analyzing the data measured according to the soft soil foundation in the loading and constant loading period, taking classification of embankment load into account, and based on the related parameters of soil at the same time using the numerical analysis of saturated soft soil subgrade deformation-seepage coupling calculation, comparing the measured data with the finite element results and checking the fit, based on detailed sedimentation data by using curve-fitting method for calculating ultimate settlement value and compared with the finite element method settlement value for several years under broaden embankment. The two values differ by 1.5cm, which is in a controllable range for soft soil. Then thus the results are true and reliable in order to have implications for similar projects.
— Both, natural and man-made slopes formed for various purposes may cause numerous permanent problems in engineering applications. Therefore, it is important to know composition and mechanical behavior of soil environment leading to geotechnical problems on slope surfaces. The risk analyzes of natural and artificial slopes, realized detailed, can lead to reliable results. Based on those results, it is possible to produce optimal technical solutions with respect to an acceptable risk level. The researches on these subjects give new opportunities to improve the existing knowledge by reviewing them. The main aim of this study is objectively to evaluate the parameters caused slope stability problems. In this regard, the parameters of slope angle, internal friction angle and cohesion of soil, and groundwater level, which are main risk factors for a slope, and should contribute to raise awareness about this issue, were investigated. Keywords— Factor of safety, risk factors, slope stability.
Experimental Study to Correlate the Test Results of PBT, UCS, and CBR with Li...CSCJournals
The development of new roads, enhancement of existing roads and new runways are part of infrastructure boom in India as well as in Gujarat. Need of strength parameters of subgrade soils is very important in monitoring and evaluation of roads and runways subgrade quality. Laboratory determination of California Bearing Ratio useful for flexible pavement design, Coefficient of subgrade reaction K-Value needed for rigid pavement, raft footing and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is required for determination of shear strength parameter of subgrade are time consuming and demand significant effort but mandatory. Dynamic Cone Penetration test can be a faster and easier way to evaluate subgrade strength. In present study an investigation has been carried out on strength parameters for the soil from various locations of Gujarat, In-situ condition has been created in laboratory using bigger testing mould and various tests like Liquid Limit, Plastic limit as well as CBR, PBT, UCS and DCP were carried out on repetitive samples of Maximum Dry Densities achieved through modified proctor effect in soaked condition. The empirical correlations have been established among test results using linear regression procedure. The formulations are validated using other sets of tests data. The developed empirical correlations may be useful to estimate time consuming strength parameters as well as physical properties at numerous locations within area under consideration using simple and rapid DCP test. Keywords: Key Words— Subgrade, CBR, DCP, UCS, PBT.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
EFFECT OF GROUTING ON STABILITY OF SLOPE AND UNSUPPORTED STEEP EXCAVATIONLakshmi Narayanan
Analysis of slopes for stability and safety is a major area of concern in civil engineering. To measure the effect of grouting on stability of slope, a scaled down prototype is created and cement grouting is applied by penetration method. The major finding of this project is a comparative study is based on application of grouting and the performance of the soil slope without grouting.
Objectives of the project
To determine the characteristics of soil and grouting materials.
To determine the physical properties and their applicability in different type of soil.
The main aim of the project is to find the effect of grouting on stability of slope.
Deep Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction Adopted to Treat Loose So...Hsuain
The current case study is concerning a facility located near Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The project consisted of three main categories
of design criteria to be achieved. It included nine Bearing Capacity and Settlement criteria for infinite, combined and isolated
foundations, Relative Density (Rd) criterion for Road/Open Areas and Liquefaction Risk Mitigation criterion for the entire site, which
encompassed an area of approximately 180,000m2. The allotted time for soil improvement works was limited to 6 months, due to the
project being of fast-track category. The soil profile was composed largely of granular material and the depth of improvement went
as deep as 10m. Both Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction are popular techniques in compacting granular material,
due to their high efficiency in achieving the design criteria and fast rate of improvement. The techniques are also cost-effective and
clean, in terms not requiring water nor electricity for operations compared to Vibro-Improvement counter techniques, proving to be
value-engineered options. The improvement area was segregated into three regions based on existing loose soils and fill compaction
requirements, wherein the techniques would be implemented independently or in combination with one another. The production
works lasted around 4.5 months. Post-Improvement Quality Control tests indicated the achievement of Design Criteria by a substantial
margin, exemplifying the efficiency of Deep Dynamic Compaction and Rapid Impact Compaction techniques in terms of achieving the
design criteria and a fast rate of production in operations.
The objective of this project is to calculate the factor of safety of a complex slope situation. The stress distribution zones are also shown in the project. The probability of slope failure can be shown using FLAC3D software.
COMPARISON OF SUBGRADE SOIL STRENGTH USING LIME & COST ANALYSISSk Md Nayar
Soil stabilization can be explained as the alteration of the soil properties by chemical or physical means in order to enhance the engineering quality of the soil. The main objectives of the soil stabilization is to increase the bearing capacity of the soil, its resistance to weathering process and soil permeability. The long-term performance of any construction project depends on the soundness of the underlying soils. Unstable soils can create significant problems for pavements or structures, Therefore soil stabilization techniques are necessary to ensure the good stability of soil so that it can successfully sustain the load of the superstructure especially in case of soil which are highly active, also it saves a lot of time and millions of money when compared to the method of cutting out and replacing the unstable soil. This project report deals with the complete analysis of the improvement of soil properties and its stabilization using lime.
Settlement prediction research on the gravel pile in soft soil subgradeIJERA Editor
Settlement prediction methods of soft subgrade based on the soil mechanical theories and mathematical statistics emerges in endlessly, but together with its limitations; the single theoretical calculation method maybe sometimes good, sometimes bad without the capacity to consider the change of the load; however the study of the theory of the combined forecast method is far from perfect. Under this situation, in view of the engineering practice in soft soil subgrade deformation law research in order to put forward a reasonable settlement prediction method, which is a problem urgently to be solved at present. Relying on gravel pile in soft soil subgrade construction in the highway K9+420-K9+550 section, and analyzing the data measured according to the soft soil foundation in the loading and constant loading period, taking classification of embankment load into account, and based on the related parameters of soil at the same time using the numerical analysis of saturated soft soil subgrade deformation-seepage coupling calculation, comparing the measured data with the finite element results and checking the fit, based on detailed sedimentation data by using curve-fitting method for calculating ultimate settlement value and compared with the finite element method settlement value for several years under broaden embankment. The two values differ by 1.5cm, which is in a controllable range for soft soil. Then thus the results are true and reliable in order to have implications for similar projects.
— Both, natural and man-made slopes formed for various purposes may cause numerous permanent problems in engineering applications. Therefore, it is important to know composition and mechanical behavior of soil environment leading to geotechnical problems on slope surfaces. The risk analyzes of natural and artificial slopes, realized detailed, can lead to reliable results. Based on those results, it is possible to produce optimal technical solutions with respect to an acceptable risk level. The researches on these subjects give new opportunities to improve the existing knowledge by reviewing them. The main aim of this study is objectively to evaluate the parameters caused slope stability problems. In this regard, the parameters of slope angle, internal friction angle and cohesion of soil, and groundwater level, which are main risk factors for a slope, and should contribute to raise awareness about this issue, were investigated. Keywords— Factor of safety, risk factors, slope stability.
Experimental Study to Correlate the Test Results of PBT, UCS, and CBR with Li...CSCJournals
The development of new roads, enhancement of existing roads and new runways are part of infrastructure boom in India as well as in Gujarat. Need of strength parameters of subgrade soils is very important in monitoring and evaluation of roads and runways subgrade quality. Laboratory determination of California Bearing Ratio useful for flexible pavement design, Coefficient of subgrade reaction K-Value needed for rigid pavement, raft footing and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is required for determination of shear strength parameter of subgrade are time consuming and demand significant effort but mandatory. Dynamic Cone Penetration test can be a faster and easier way to evaluate subgrade strength. In present study an investigation has been carried out on strength parameters for the soil from various locations of Gujarat, In-situ condition has been created in laboratory using bigger testing mould and various tests like Liquid Limit, Plastic limit as well as CBR, PBT, UCS and DCP were carried out on repetitive samples of Maximum Dry Densities achieved through modified proctor effect in soaked condition. The empirical correlations have been established among test results using linear regression procedure. The formulations are validated using other sets of tests data. The developed empirical correlations may be useful to estimate time consuming strength parameters as well as physical properties at numerous locations within area under consideration using simple and rapid DCP test. Keywords: Key Words— Subgrade, CBR, DCP, UCS, PBT.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
EFFECT OF GROUTING ON STABILITY OF SLOPE AND UNSUPPORTED STEEP EXCAVATIONLakshmi Narayanan
Analysis of slopes for stability and safety is a major area of concern in civil engineering. To measure the effect of grouting on stability of slope, a scaled down prototype is created and cement grouting is applied by penetration method. The major finding of this project is a comparative study is based on application of grouting and the performance of the soil slope without grouting.
Objectives of the project
To determine the characteristics of soil and grouting materials.
To determine the physical properties and their applicability in different type of soil.
The main aim of the project is to find the effect of grouting on stability of slope.
Liquid limit is the water content where the soil starts to behave as a liquid. Liquid limit is measured by placing a clay sample in a standard cup and making a separation (groove) using a spatula. The cup is dropped till the separation vanishes. The water content of the soil is obtained from this sample.
Liquid limit is the water content where the soil starts to behave as a liquid. Liquid limit is measured by placing a clay sample in a standard cup and making a separation (groove) using a spatula. The cup is dropped till the separation vanishes. The water content of the soil is obtained from this sample.
Liquid limit is the water content where the soil starts to behave as a liquid. Liquid limit is measured by placing a clay sample in a standard cup and making a separation (groove) using a spatula. The cup is dropped till the separation vanishes. The water content of the soil is obtained from this sample.
The entire of the numerical simulation procedure” seems to be the flowchart of Methodology but the wordings like Start and End portrays no technicality. It has to be replaced by proper terminologies.
3. Why the 100 stages of the numerical simulation applied for the embankment-subsoil nonlinear displacement prediction and evaluation control is utilized? The author needs to furnish the logics and must elaborate more regarding these 100 stages.
an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams
e. an ability to identify, formulate, and solve geological engineering problems in space and time. This includes the knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of earth materials, surface water, ground water and their distribution.
f. an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility.
Develop technical competence in basic principles of soil mechanics and fundamentals of application in engineering practice. (Outcomes b, e, k)
Ability to list the salient engineering properties of soils and their characteristics and describe the factors which control these properties. (Outcomes c)
.
a fundamental knowledge and understanding of the mechanics of fluid at rest and in motion by describing and observing fluid phenomena and by developing and using the principles and laws for analyzing fluid interactions with natural and constructed systems.
Changes to Surface of Earth Review constructiveanddestructiveforces powerpoin...SadafQasim3
analyze and design structural members subjected to tension, compression, torsion and bending using fundamental concepts of stress, strain, elastic behavior and inelastic behavior.
conduct themselves professionally and with regard to their responsibilities to society, especially with respect to designing structures to prevent failure.
Hamdard Laboratories (India), is a Unani pharmaceutical company in India (following the independence of India from Britain, "Hamdard" Unani branches were established in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) and Pakistan). It was established in 1906 by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed in Delhi, and became
a waqf (non-profitable trust) in 1948. It is associated with Hamdard Foundation, a charitable educational trust.
Hamdard' is a compound word derived from Persian, which combines the words 'hum' (used in the sense of 'companion') and 'dard' (meaning 'pain'). 'Hamdard' thus means 'a companion in pain' and 'sympathizer in suffering'.
The goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him.
They had always maintained that working in old, traditional ways would not be entirely fruitful. A broader outlook was essential for a continued and meaningful existence. their effective team at Hamdard helped the system gain its pride of place and thus they made an entry into an expansive world of discovery and research.
Hamdard Laboratories was founded in 1906 in Delhi by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed and Ansarullah Tabani, a Unani practitioner. The name Hamdard means "companion in suffering" in Urdu language.(itself borrowed from Persian) Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed was born in Pilibhit City UP, India in 1883 to Sheikh Rahim Bakhsh. He is said to have learnt the complete Quran Sharif by heart. He also studied the origin of Urdu and Persian languages. Subsequently, he acquired the highest degree in the unani system of medicine.
Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed got in touch with Hakim Zamal Khan, who had a keen interest in herbs and was famous for identifying medicinal plants. Having consulted with his wife, Abdul Majeed set up a herbal shop at Hauz Qazi in Delhi in 1906 and started to produce herbal medicine there. In 1920 the small herbal shop turned into a full-fledged production house.
Hamdard Foundation was created in 1964 to disburse the profits of the company to promote the interests of the society. All the profits of the company go to the foundation.
After Abdul Majeed's death, his son Hakeem Abdul Hameed took over the administration of Hamdard Laboratories at the age of fourteen.
Even with humble beginnings, the goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him. Unfortunately, he passed away quite early but his wife, Rabia Begum, with the support of her son, Hakeem Abdul Hameed, not only kept the institution in existence but also expanded it. As he grew up, Hakeem Abdul Hameed took on all responsibilities. After helping with his younger brother's upbringing and education, he included him in running the institution. Both brothers Hakeem Abdul Hameed and Hakim Mohammed
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
Vietnam Mushroom Market Growth, Demand and Challenges of the Key Industry Pla...IMARC Group
The Vietnam mushroom market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.52% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/vietnam-mushroom-market
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Food and beverage service Restaurant Services notes V1.pptx
Final draft Comparitive study of deterministic and non-deterministic approaches for slope stability assessment.pptx
1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY KARACHI, PAKISTAN
2. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
By
NAME Seat No.
1. HARIS AHMED CE-18208
2. KHIZER SALEEM KHAN CE-18221
3. RAHEEL JAMLANEY CE-18222
4. MUHAMMAD KHAWAR MURTAZA CE-18226
Department of Civil Engineering 2
3. • Slope stability background.
• Higher elevation is more susceptible to slope failure.
• Lower elevation less susceptible to slope failure.
• Northern Pakistan and its slope failure vulnerability.
• Natural hazards due to slope failure.
• Methods for Slope Stability analysis.
• Importance of Slope Stability and its analysis.
• Impacts of slope stability on the society, economy of country etc.
Department of Civil Engineering 3
Introduction
6. FYP Midterm Exam 2021 Department of Civil Engineering 6
SITE: CHARSADDA
Charsadda is destrict in the province of KPK. It lies
about 30 km from Peshawar (province capital).
7. FYP Midterm Exam 2021 Department of Civil Engineering 7
SLOPE CROSS SECTION
(CHARSADDA)
8. Objectives
• To evaluate the issues which are
responsible for slope failures
• To perform deterministic and non
deterministic analysis of selected case study
FYP Final Exam 2022 Department of Civil Engineering 8
9. Scope and Limitations of work
• The study is limited to the Northern areas of
Pakistan
• Sites taken into consideration for the study were
Havelian and Charsadda
• Due to the prevailing conditions of the country,
no sites were visited.
Department of Civil Engineering 9
FYP Final Exam 2022
10. Literature Review
Author Case Summary
Young Chul
Han(2019)
case study of slope detoraition;simbal
landslide, salt range, pakistan
Quantitative approach to evaluate the slope stability due
to deterioration, a methodology to evaluate the slope
stability using limit equilibrium analysis of slope with
optimum strength reduction.
Dr. Waqas
ahmed(2018)
slope stability analysis of miacher
landslide,upper hunza , gilgit baltistan
In the existing strength parameters and simulated results
of slope /w, it is inferred that miacher active landslide is
stable in the existing conditions as all FOS is greater than
1.
Muhammad
Zohair(2019)
analysis for stabilization of soil slope in
silty soil with replacement of soil
cement
The FOS improved significantly after replacing soil
cement by both methods.
Muhmmad
Waseem
(2021)
slope stabilityanalysis of qalanderabad
land slide
the FOS increases with increase in cohesion and internal
friction angle, however , increase in unit weight and
overburden pressure result in decrease in FOS.
Muhammad
Farooq
Ahmed(2016)
slope failure analysis of havelian land
slide
The shear strenght of matrix soil decresed with the
increases in degree of saturation percentage and slope
become critical around 50% degree of saturation.
Department of Civil Engineering 10
FYP Final Exam 2022
11. Methodology
Department of Civil Engineering 11
Selection of slope geometry
Slope angle Slope height Soil type
Defining problem in Slope/W
Type of analysis Slope geometry Soil parameters
Defining problem in Slope/W
Critical FOS Failure Pattern
Result interpretation
Explanation of computed results
Perform numerical analysis
Deterministic Analysis Probabilistic Analysis
FYP Final Exam 2022
12. Department of Civil Engineering 12
Probabilistic Analysis
Characterization of slope geometry, other necessary
information and probability distributions of
uncertainties concerned
Generating “n‟ sets of random samples according to
prescribed probability distributions
Repeated ‘n’
times
Performing statistical analysis of resulting ‘n’
sets of output
Calculate probability of failure ‘Pf’ and
reliability index
Methodology
FYP Final Exam 2022
13. Parameters For Analysis
• Location : Havelian, District Abbottabad.
• Soil type: Silty Soil
• Angle of internal friction (Φ): 30o
• Unit Weight: 20 KN/m3
• Cohesion (c): 5 KPa
• Slope Angle: 35o
Department of Civil Engineering 13
FYP Final Exam 2022
14. Department of Civil Engineering 14
Havelian: Slope Geometry
FYP Final Exam 2022
17. Department of Civil Engineering 17
Havelian Probabilistic analysis with
constant ‘Φ’
FYP Final Exam 2022
4.84
18. Havelian Deterministic Analysis
Results
Department of Civil Engineering 18
METHOD OF
ANALYSIS
CRITICAL
SLIP
NUMBER
FACTOR OF
SAFETY
ORDINARY 229 1.582
JANBU 227 1.487
BISHOP 226 1.636
MORGENSTERN-
PRICE
226 1.632
FYP Final Exam 2022
19. Department of Civil Engineering 19
Havelian Probabilistic Analysis
Results
Constant C
Slice # Mean
FOS
Min FOS Max
FOS
Reliability
Index
P of
failure
Standard
Deviation
227 1.485 1.15 1.77 5.99 0 0.08
Constant Phi
Slice # Mean
FOS
Min FOS Max FOS Reliability
Index
P of
failure
Standard
Deviation
227 1.485 1.046 1.821 4.84 0 0.099
FYP Final Exam 2022
20. Parameters of analysis
• Location: Charsadda Landslide
• Upper layer:
Angle of internal friction (Φ): 30o
Unit Weight: 15 KN/m3
Cohesion (c): 5 KPa
Slope Angle: 35o
• Lower Layer:
Angle of internal friction (Φ):25o
Unit Weight:18 kN/m3
Cohesion (c): 10 Kpa
Slope Angle:17o
Department of Civil Engineering
20
FYP Final Exam 2022
24. Department of Civil Engineering 24
Charsadda Probabilistic analysis
with constant Φ
FYP Final Exam 2022
37.66
25. Charsadda Deterministic Analysis
Results
Department of Civil Engineering 25
METHOD OF ANALYSIS CRITICAL
SLIP
NUMBER
FACTOR
OF
SAFETY
ORDINARY 324 1.488
JANBU 319 1.43
BISHOP 273 1.63
MORGENSTERN-PRICE 273 1.61
FYP Final Exam 2022
26. Department of Civil Engineering 26
Charsadda Probabilistic Analysis
Results
Constant C
Slice # Mean
FOS
Min FOS Max
FOS
Reliability
Index
P of
failure
Standard
Deviation
324 1.49 1.40 1.56 23.63 0 0.02
Constant phi
Slice # Mean
FOS
Min FOS Max
FOS
Reliability
Index
P of
failure
Standard
Deviation
324 1.488 1.43 1.53 37.66 0 0.012
FYP Final Exam 2022
27. Conclusions
• The deterministic analysis is not effective if the soil parameters are
constant.
• The deterministic analysis very conservative values for FOS
• In probabilistic analysis the variation of particular or numerous
variables can have a significant impact on the result.
• In probabilistic analysis, spatial number for trails are run for variable
soil parameters.
• Jambu technique provides the most critical FOS.
• More cohesive slopes are less vulnerable to slope failure and vice
versa.
• A mixture of cohesive and non-cohesive soils, having significant factors
of safety may also be utilized.
• The angle of friction (Φ) tells us how much shear stress a unit of soil
can stand up to.
• The bearing capacity of soil is directly proportional to the Angle of
Friction (Φ) of that particular soil.
Department of Civil Engineering 27
FYP Final Exam 2022
28. FYP Midterm Exam 2021 Department of Civil Engineering 28
Recommendations
The slope is dependable for a long time if the forces available to resist movement is stronger
than that of the forces causing movement.
Study different cohesive-frictional soil slopes as well as different multi-layered soil slopes
using limit equilibrium methods i.e. Spencer Method.
Development of practical means to evaluate and analyse the spatial variability of pore water
pressure and data for the probability of cross-sectional dependence to increase the reliability
of the obtained results.
Further research is needed to develop both deterministic and probabilistic methods to
estimate and assess the movements of slopes in different areas and their effects on slope
stability.
Random Finite Element Method (RFEM) which considers the shear strength parameters of
soil to pinpoint the geographical distribution, critical slip surfaces, and slope failure.
the flexible examination of the Seismic motion of slopes and its responses.