This document outlines the engineering aspects of earth retaining structures. It discusses different types of earth retaining structures, their construction methods, materials used, and characteristics. It describes the objectives and outcomes of learning about earth retaining structures, which include understanding their response to external loading and selecting suitable structures based on soil type and environmental constraints. The document also covers analyzing and designing earth retaining structures, including determining loads, checking structural components, and analyzing stability based on failure mechanisms. Human: Thank you for the summary. You captured the key points effectively in 3 sentences as requested.

1. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Earth Retaining Structure

2. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Objectives
• To outline the engineering aspect of earth retaining
structures, based on their basic principles, method of
analysis and design and potential problem to the
environment

3. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Lecture Outcomes:
1. Able to explained different type of earth retaining
structure particularly construction method, material
used, and its salient characteristics,
2. Able to relate method of construction of earth retaining
structures to their response under external loading,
3. Able to select a suitable type of earth retaining
structure, from a list of possible selections, based on
(a) soil type and its layering system and (b)
environment constraints,
4. Able to design earth retaining structure based on (a)
stability and (b) structural integrity criteria.

4. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Example of Earth Retaining
Structures

5. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Rigid retaining wall & Sheetpile wall
Keywords: retaining wall, sheet pile wall

6. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Crib Wall
Keywords: stretcher, header, cells, soil

7. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Gravity Wall and Cantilever Wall
Keywords: height

8. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Conterfort wall
Keywords: gravity wall, cantilever wall, counterfort wall

9. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Soil reinforcement

10. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Reinforced Earth Wall

11. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Fabric Reinforced wall

12. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Braced Excavation
Keywords: settlement, strut, wale beam

13. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Soil Nailing

14. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Topics on Earth Retaining
Structure
– Lateral Earth Pressure
– Rigid and Semi Rigid Wall
• Crib wall
• Gravity wall and Cantilever wall
– Flexible Wall
• Cantilever Sheetpile
• Anchored Sheetpile
– Mechanically Stabilized Earth
– Braced Excavation

15. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Analysis and Design of Earth
Retaining Structure
1. Determination of load acting on earth
retaining structure
2. Check strength and stiffness of structural
components
3. Check structural stability (horizontal
displacement, overturning, bearing
capacity, general stability)

16. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Failure modes of gravity structure
Keywords: mechanisms, bearing capacity, overturning, sliding, general failure,
centre of rotation

17. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• General stability
Keywords: shear key, alternative location

18. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Failure mode of reinforced earth wall
Keywords: metal strip, spacing, star-shaped element, stress distribution, actual
failure surface

19. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Bearing capacity failure of reinforced earth wall
Keywords: base failure

20. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Failure mode of cantilever and anchored sheetpile
wall
Keywords: plastic hinge, rotation

21. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
• Problem statement of braced excavation
Keywords: settlement, strut, wale beam

22. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Summary of Previous Lecture
• Discuss various types of earth retaining structure
• Discuss failure mechanism of earth retaining structure
• Discuss of procedure of design of earth retaining
structure

23. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Analysis and Design of Earth
Retaining Structure
1. Determination of load acting on earth
retaining structure
3. Check strength and stiffness of structural
components
2. Check structural stability (horizontal
displacement, overturning, bearing
capacity, general stability) based on
failure mechanisms

24. Indra S. Harahap – Foundation and Earth Retaining Structure - Jul07/Jan08
Any question?