8. SLICED METHOD
• THIS METHOD CAN BE USED FOR SOIL IN DIFFERENT SHEARING RESISTANCE
ALONG THE FAILURE PLANE
• PROPOSED BY FELLENIUS ,BISHOP, JANBU, ETC
• ASSUMED CIRCULAR FAILURE PLANE
9. REGULATION OF SLICES
1. SLICED PERFORMED VERTICAL DIRECTION
2. THE WIDTH OF THE SLICE DOES NOT HAVE THE SAME MEASUREMENT
3. ONE SLICE MUST HAVE ONE TYPE OF SOIL IN THE FAILURE SURFACE
4. THE WIDTH OF THE SLICE MUST BE SUCH THAT THE CURVE (FAILURE PLANE)
CAN BE CONSIDERED A STRAIGHT LINE
5. THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF SOIL IN A SLICE IS THE SOIL WEDGE ITSELF, INCLUDING
WATER AND EXTERNAL LOAD
12. • FIRSTLY IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE SIDE FORCES T AND E MAY BE NEGLECTED
AND SECONDLY, THAT THE NORMAL FORCE N, MAY BE DETERMINED SIMPLY BY
RESOLVING THE WEIGHT W OF THE SLICE IN A DIRECTION NORMAL TO THE
ARC, AT THE MID POINT OF THE SLICE
• 𝑁 = 𝑊 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
• WHERE IS THE ANGLE OF INCLINATION OF THE POTENTIAL FAILURE ARC TO
THE HORIZONTAL AT THE MID POINT OF THE SLICE
• THE DRIVING FORCE IS 𝑊 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
14. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
1. DRAW CROSS-SECTION TO NATURAL SCALE
2. SELECT FAILURE SURFACE
3. DIVIDE THE FAILURE MASS INTO SOME SLICES
4. COMPUTE TOTAL WEIGHT ( WT ) OF EACH SLICE
5. COMPUTE FRICTIONAL RESISTING FORCE FOR EACH SLICE N TANΦ – UL
6. COMPUTE COHESIVE RESISTING FORCE FOR EACH SLICE CL
7. COMPUTE TANGENTIAL DRIVING FORCE (T) FOR EACH SLICE
8. SUM RESISTING AND DRIVING FORCES FOR ALL SLICES AND COMPUTE FS
15.
16.
17.
18. BISHOP METHOD
- Also known as Simplified Bishop method
- Includes interslice normal forces
- Neglects interslice shear forces
- Satisfies only moment equilibrium
23. RECOMMENDED STABILITY METHODS
• ORDINARY METHOD OF SLICES (OMS) IGNORES BOTH SHEAR AND NORMAL
INTERSLICE FORCES AND ONLY MOMENT EQUILIBRIUM
• BISHOP METHOD
- ALSO KNOWN AS SIMPLIFIED BISHOP METHOD
- INCLUDES INTERSLICE NORMAL FORCES
- NEGLECTS INTERSLICE SHEAR FORCES
- SATISFIES ONLY MOMENT EQUILIBRIUM
24. OTHERS
• SIMPLIFIED JANBU METHOD
- INCLUDES INTERSLICE NORMAL FORCES
- NEGLECTS INTERSLICE SHEAR FORCES
- SATISFIES ONLY HORIZONTAL FORCE EQUILIBRIUM
• SPENCER METHOD
- INCLUDES BOTH NORMAL AND SHEAR INTERSLICE FORCES
- CONSIDERS MOMENT EQUILIBRIUM
- MORE ACCURATE THAN OTHER METHODS
25. RECOMMENDED STABILITY METHODS
OMS IS CONSERVATIVE AND GIVES UNREALISTICALLY LOWER FS THAN BISHOP OR
OTHER REFINED METHODS
FOR PURELY COHESIVE SOILS, OMS AND BISHOP METHOD GIVE IDENTICAL RESULTS
FOR FRICTIONAL SOILS, BISHOP METHOD SHOULD BE USED AS A MINIMUM
RECOMMENDATION: USE BISHOP, SIMPLIFIED JANBU OR SPENCER
26. REMARKS ON SAFETY FACTOR
USE FS = 1.3 TO 1.5 FOR CRITICAL SLOPES SUCH AS END SLOPES UNDER
ABUTMENTS, SLOPES
• CONTAINING FOOTINGS, MAJOR RETAINING STRUCTURES
USE FS = 1.5 FOR CUT SLOPES IN FINE-GRAINED SOILS WHICH CAN LOSE
STRENGTH WITH TIME