Final dolasetron
•Download as KEY, PDF•
3 likes•1,014 views
Dolasetron is a nonbenzamide antiematic drug approved by the FDA in 1997 for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. It works by blocking the action of serotonin at 5-HT3 receptors. Dolasetron is administered as a prodrug that is metabolized in vivo into its active metabolite, hydrodolasetron. Common side effects include dizziness, headache, blurred vision, constipation, and diarrhea.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Are all sartans equal
The document compares the efficacy of different angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It provides an overview of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and how RAAS modulators such as ARBs work. It then reviews clinical trial data comparing the blood pressure lowering effects, 24-hour blood pressure control, and ability to achieve blood pressure goals of various ARBs. The document also examines the evidence for using ARBs to treat heart failure, including several meta-analyses, with the conclusion being that ARBs do not reduce mortality or morbidity in heart failure beyond placebo or ACE inhibitors.
Beta blockers
Beta blockers are commonly encountered drugs in cardiology with its wide applications...here we learn about its uses and trials
ACE ACE inhibitors and ARBs in Heart Failure -What Does the evidence say?
This document discusses evidence from landmark clinical trials regarding the use of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the treatment of heart failure. It summarizes that ACEIs such as enalapril have been shown to reduce mortality and hospitalizations in heart failure patients based on the SOLVD trial. ARBs such as candesartan were also shown to reduce cardiovascular outcomes compared to placebo in trials like CHARM. However, while ACEIs/ARBs may improve symptoms in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, none have demonstrated a reduction in mortality for this subgroup according to trials such as PEP-CHF.
Calcium channel blocker & Beta blocker Poisoning.pptx
This presentation includes approach to a patient admitting with calcium channel or beta blocker overdose. Toxic mechanism and clinical features are explained. Management is subdivided to Resuscitation, Risk assessment, supportive care & monitoring, investigations, decontamination, antidote and disposition. Antidotes explained are HEIT therapy, vasopressors, glucagon and lipid emulsion
Current status & recent advances in dyslipidemia management
The document summarizes recent advances in dyslipidemia treatment, including current and newer hypolipidemic drugs as well as clinical guidelines. It discusses statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, and ezetimibe. Major clinical trials such as JUPITER and PROVE-IT established the benefits of intensive statin therapy. However, newer combination therapies with fibrates or nicotinic acid failed to show additional clinical benefits beyond statin treatment alone in trials such as ACCORD and HPS-2 THRIVE.
Class adrenergic drugs
This document discusses the physiology and pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system and its receptors. It begins by describing epinephrine as an important regulator of heart and vascular responses to exercise and stress. It then defines sympathomimetic drugs as those that mimic epinephrine's actions. The document goes on to detail the different alpha and beta receptor subtypes, their locations, and examples of agonists and antagonists. It discusses sympathetic neurotransmission and the mechanisms of drug-induced effects. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the sympathetic nervous system and its clinical applications.
Sevikar Brochure.pptx
Sevikar is a drug that combines an angiotensin receptor blocker and calcium channel blocker to treat challenging patients with congestive heart failure and end stage renal disease. It provides outstanding efficacy with fast action, 24-hour blood pressure control, and better tolerability compared to other treatments based on clinical trials. Sevikar offers power and control through its dual mode of action and flexible dosing.
Atorvastatin mahbub
Introduction
Generic Name: Atorvastatin
Brand Names: Lipitor,Atorvast,Divastin,Lipicut
Atorvastatin a group of drugs called HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or "statins."
Atorvastatin reduces levels of "bad" cholesterol or LDL and triglycerides in the blood, and also increasing levels of "good" cholesterol or HDL.
4Mechanism of action
Statin drugs competitively inhibit HMG-CoA, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of HMG-CoA in to cholesterol. Therefore, it effectively the synthesis of new cholesterol. It leads to an increase in LDL receptor on Liver cells to take in more LDL, effectively decreasing LDL in the body
5Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Atorvastatin undergoes rapid absorption when taken orally, with an approximate time to maximum plasma concentration of 1–2 h
Distribution
The mean volume of distribution of atorvastatin is approximately 381 L. It is highly protein bound (=98%), and likely secreted into human breast milk.
8Metabolism
Atorvastatin metabolism is primarily through cytochrome P450 3A4 hydroxylation to form active ortho-and parahydroxylatedmetabolites. The ortho-and parahydroxylatedmetabolites are responsible for 70% of systemic HMG-CoA reductase activity. The ortho-hydroxymetabolite undergoes further metabolism via glucuronidation.
9ExcretionAtorvastatin is primarily eliminated via hepatic biliary excretion, with less than 2% recovered in the urine. Bile elimination follows hepatic and/or extrahepaticmetabolism. Atorvastatin has an approximate elimination half-life of 14 h.
10Medical Uses
Hypercholesterolemia to reduce total cholesterol, LDL-C, apo-B, as well as increase HDL levels.
Hypertriglyceridemia
Primary prevention of heart attack, stroke.
Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina.
Myocardial infarction and stroke prophylaxis in patients with type II diabetesInteractions
Grapefruit juice can increase the blood levels of atorvastatin. This can increase the risk of side effects such as liver damage.
Interactions with clofibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, usually in combination with statins, increase the risk of myopathy.
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, rifampin, and rifamycin, which are CYP3A4 inducers, can decrease the plasma concentrations of atorvastatin.
12Precautions to be taken Before taking this medicine
Liver disease
Muscle pain or weakness
History of liver disease
History of kidney disease
History of stroke
If you are pregnant or breast-feeding
A thyroid disorder
If you drink more than 2 alcoholic beverages daily.
Side Effects
Cough
Difficulty with swallowing
Fast heartbeat
Fever and dizziness
Itching
Muscle cramps, pain, stiffness, swelling, or weakness
Puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
Skin rash
Tightness in the chest
Unusual tiredness or weakness
Recommended
Are all sartans equal
The document compares the efficacy of different angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It provides an overview of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and how RAAS modulators such as ARBs work. It then reviews clinical trial data comparing the blood pressure lowering effects, 24-hour blood pressure control, and ability to achieve blood pressure goals of various ARBs. The document also examines the evidence for using ARBs to treat heart failure, including several meta-analyses, with the conclusion being that ARBs do not reduce mortality or morbidity in heart failure beyond placebo or ACE inhibitors.
Beta blockers
Beta blockers are commonly encountered drugs in cardiology with its wide applications...here we learn about its uses and trials
ACE ACE inhibitors and ARBs in Heart Failure -What Does the evidence say?
This document discusses evidence from landmark clinical trials regarding the use of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the treatment of heart failure. It summarizes that ACEIs such as enalapril have been shown to reduce mortality and hospitalizations in heart failure patients based on the SOLVD trial. ARBs such as candesartan were also shown to reduce cardiovascular outcomes compared to placebo in trials like CHARM. However, while ACEIs/ARBs may improve symptoms in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, none have demonstrated a reduction in mortality for this subgroup according to trials such as PEP-CHF.
Calcium channel blocker & Beta blocker Poisoning.pptx
This presentation includes approach to a patient admitting with calcium channel or beta blocker overdose. Toxic mechanism and clinical features are explained. Management is subdivided to Resuscitation, Risk assessment, supportive care & monitoring, investigations, decontamination, antidote and disposition. Antidotes explained are HEIT therapy, vasopressors, glucagon and lipid emulsion
Current status & recent advances in dyslipidemia management
The document summarizes recent advances in dyslipidemia treatment, including current and newer hypolipidemic drugs as well as clinical guidelines. It discusses statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, and ezetimibe. Major clinical trials such as JUPITER and PROVE-IT established the benefits of intensive statin therapy. However, newer combination therapies with fibrates or nicotinic acid failed to show additional clinical benefits beyond statin treatment alone in trials such as ACCORD and HPS-2 THRIVE.
Class adrenergic drugs
This document discusses the physiology and pharmacology of the sympathetic nervous system and its receptors. It begins by describing epinephrine as an important regulator of heart and vascular responses to exercise and stress. It then defines sympathomimetic drugs as those that mimic epinephrine's actions. The document goes on to detail the different alpha and beta receptor subtypes, their locations, and examples of agonists and antagonists. It discusses sympathetic neurotransmission and the mechanisms of drug-induced effects. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the sympathetic nervous system and its clinical applications.
Sevikar Brochure.pptx
Sevikar is a drug that combines an angiotensin receptor blocker and calcium channel blocker to treat challenging patients with congestive heart failure and end stage renal disease. It provides outstanding efficacy with fast action, 24-hour blood pressure control, and better tolerability compared to other treatments based on clinical trials. Sevikar offers power and control through its dual mode of action and flexible dosing.
Atorvastatin mahbub
Introduction
Generic Name: Atorvastatin
Brand Names: Lipitor,Atorvast,Divastin,Lipicut
Atorvastatin a group of drugs called HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or "statins."
Atorvastatin reduces levels of "bad" cholesterol or LDL and triglycerides in the blood, and also increasing levels of "good" cholesterol or HDL.
4Mechanism of action
Statin drugs competitively inhibit HMG-CoA, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of HMG-CoA in to cholesterol. Therefore, it effectively the synthesis of new cholesterol. It leads to an increase in LDL receptor on Liver cells to take in more LDL, effectively decreasing LDL in the body
5Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Atorvastatin undergoes rapid absorption when taken orally, with an approximate time to maximum plasma concentration of 1–2 h
Distribution
The mean volume of distribution of atorvastatin is approximately 381 L. It is highly protein bound (=98%), and likely secreted into human breast milk.
8Metabolism
Atorvastatin metabolism is primarily through cytochrome P450 3A4 hydroxylation to form active ortho-and parahydroxylatedmetabolites. The ortho-and parahydroxylatedmetabolites are responsible for 70% of systemic HMG-CoA reductase activity. The ortho-hydroxymetabolite undergoes further metabolism via glucuronidation.
9ExcretionAtorvastatin is primarily eliminated via hepatic biliary excretion, with less than 2% recovered in the urine. Bile elimination follows hepatic and/or extrahepaticmetabolism. Atorvastatin has an approximate elimination half-life of 14 h.
10Medical Uses
Hypercholesterolemia to reduce total cholesterol, LDL-C, apo-B, as well as increase HDL levels.
Hypertriglyceridemia
Primary prevention of heart attack, stroke.
Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina.
Myocardial infarction and stroke prophylaxis in patients with type II diabetesInteractions
Grapefruit juice can increase the blood levels of atorvastatin. This can increase the risk of side effects such as liver damage.
Interactions with clofibrate, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, usually in combination with statins, increase the risk of myopathy.
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, rifampin, and rifamycin, which are CYP3A4 inducers, can decrease the plasma concentrations of atorvastatin.
12Precautions to be taken Before taking this medicine
Liver disease
Muscle pain or weakness
History of liver disease
History of kidney disease
History of stroke
If you are pregnant or breast-feeding
A thyroid disorder
If you drink more than 2 alcoholic beverages daily.
Side Effects
Cough
Difficulty with swallowing
Fast heartbeat
Fever and dizziness
Itching
Muscle cramps, pain, stiffness, swelling, or weakness
Puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue
Skin rash
Tightness in the chest
Unusual tiredness or weakness
Tramadol
Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and also inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, and constipation. Tramadol can interact dangerously with other drugs and should be used carefully, as prescribed, due to risks of addiction, overdose, and adverse effects.
ARB in the management of Hypertension
ARBs (Angiotensin receptor blockers) are the most widely used anti hypertensive throughout the world. A solid knowledge related to ARB will make our practice more patients friendly & benefit will be maximum.
PANTOPRAZOLE IV
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD, erosive esophagitis, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It works by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump in the stomach's parietal cells to suppress gastric acid secretion. Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, and nausea. Pantoprazole has drug interactions with atazanavir, ceritinib, dipyridamole, ketoconazole, and methotrexate that require dose adjustments or alternative treatment. Overdose symptoms include hypoactivity, ataxia, and tremors, treated with supportive care and discontinuing the drug.
Tolvaptan
Tolvaptan is an oral selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hyponatremia. [1] It produces significant aquaresis and increases serum sodium levels without affecting electrolyte levels. [2] Clinical trials showed tolvaptan effectively corrected hyponatremia in heart failure and cirrhosis patients. [3] In acute decompensated heart failure, tolvaptan provided relief of symptoms without affecting mortality, renal function, or electrolyte levels long-term. [3] The most common side effects are thirst, dry mouth, and polyuria. [4]
Opoid analgesics
This ppt contains the description about opoidal analgesic drugs with their Receptors, MOA and Chemical Classification.
Opioid Agonists And Antagonists
This document summarizes various opioid agonists and antagonists. It discusses natural and synthetic opioids like morphine, codeine, heroin, hydromorphone, fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, and diphenoxylate. It also covers opioid receptors, endogenous opioid peptides, pharmacokinetics, effects, tolerance, toxicity, and antagonists like naloxone and naltrexone. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are also briefly mentioned.
Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Migraine
Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Migraine
- Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headache attacks associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
- New acute and preventive treatment options include CGRP antagonists, 5-HT1F agonists, glutamate receptor antagonists, and orexin receptor antagonists.
- Existing drugs such as dexamethasone, carvedilol, tiagabine, levetiracetam, zonisamide, and tizanidine have shown promise for preventive treatment when used off-label.
- Medical devices like Cerena, Cefaly, and Gamma Core provide non-drug options for acute or
الاسم العلمي والتجاري للأدوية pdf.pdf
#دكتور_حاتم_البيطار
#دحاتم_البيطار
#timodentist
📞01005684344
💬 واتس 01202389028
Dr Hatem ElBitar
د حاتم البيطار
أستشاري وجراح أسنان
زميل الزمالة المصرية
محاضر ادارة المستشفيات ومكافحة العدوى
01005684344
#دحاتم_البيطار
http://bit.ly/2xzMIlo
https://64a832848a05c.site123.me/
http://drhatemelbeetar.wordpress.com
timo660733705.wordpress.com
https://drhatembetar.wordpress.com/
Alpha blockers
This document discusses different types of alpha adrenergic blockers, including their classification, mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and examples. It covers reversible nonselective alpha blockers like phentolamine and tolazoline, irreversible nonselective blockers like phenoxybenzamine, and reversible selective alpha-1 blockers like prazosin. These drugs cause vasodilation and reduce blood pressure by blocking alpha receptors. They are used to treat conditions like hypertension, Raynaud's disease, prostate issues, and pheochromocytoma. The document also briefly mentions alpha-2 blockers, ergot alkaloids, and other miscellaneous agents that have alpha blocking properties.
Sacubitril valsartan EK
LCZ696 was more effective than enalapril in reducing the risks of CV death and HF hospitalization, CV death, HF hospitalization, and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. LCZ696 also provided incremental improvements in symptoms and physical limitations. LCZ696 was better tolerated than enalapril with lower rates of symptomatic hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal impairment, and cough.
Diuretics in hypertension 2015 by Dr Abhishek Rathore
Diuretics are recommended as first-line therapy for hypertension. The document discusses various classes of diuretics including loop diuretics, thiazides, thiazide-like agents, and potassium sparing agents. It provides examples of drugs in each class, their mechanisms of action, and sites of action. The document summarizes evidence from clinical trials showing that thiazide diuretics like chlorthalidone are more effective than hydrochlorothiazide at reducing cardiovascular events in hypertension. Indapamide is discussed as an alternative to hydrochlorothiazide with similar efficacy and fewer metabolic side effects. Combinations of ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers with diuretics are also effective antihy
Tramadol original
Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. It comes in both immediate and extended release forms, with the extended release form intended for around-the-clock pain treatment rather than as-needed use. Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, constipation, and drowsiness. Tramadol is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, so dosage reductions may be needed for those with liver or kidney impairment. Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding requires caution.
Are all arbs the same?
1) Telmisartan has the longest half-life, largest volume of distribution, highest lipophilicity, and lowest renal excretion of clinically available ARBs, resulting in the longest duration of action.
2) Telmisartan binds insurmountably to the AT1 receptor and has a much longer dissociation half-life compared to losartan, providing tighter, more sustained blockade of the RAS.
3) Telmisartan is the preferred ARB for patients with renal impairment due to its renal excretion profile and superior blood pressure lowering in renal disease compared to other ARBs like losartan.
Insulins in type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. The document discusses different types of insulin, including their onset, peak, and duration of action.
2. It describes insulin treatment regimens like split-mixed, premixed, and basal-bolus approaches.
3. Guidelines are provided for starting basal insulin and advancing to a basal-bolus regimen, including dose adjustment based on blood glucose levels.
Dabigatran
This document discusses the novel oral anticoagulant dabigatran etexilate. It provides details on dabigatran's chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, regulatory status, indications, dosage, contraindications, interactions, and advantages over older drugs. Clinical trials demonstrated dabigatran's non-inferiority or superiority to warfarin for stroke prevention, treatment of venous thromboembolism, and prevention of thrombosis after orthopedic surgery. Dabigatran was approved for these indications based on its efficacy and safety profile.
Methylxanthines
This document presents a study on the determination of methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline) in cocoa, coffee, and tea using HPLC. The author develops and validates an HPLC method for extracting and analyzing the methylxanthine content of different samples. Results show theobromine is mainly present in cocoa, caffeine is abundant in coffee, and only trace amounts of theophylline are found in the three samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is also used to identify methylxanthines and observe their fragmentation patterns.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) like imipramine, amitriptyline, and clomipramine work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. They also block receptors like muscarinic, alpha, and histamine receptors. Common adverse effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac issues like arrhythmia. TCAs can have dangerous interactions with other drugs and should be used cautiously in certain patient populations such as the elderly, those with heart conditions, epilepsy, or suicidal thoughts. While primarily used to treat depression and anxiety, TCAs are also used for other conditions like migraine,
Ranolazine
Ranolazine is a new antianginal drug that represents a new class of drugs. It partially inhibits fatty acid oxidation and shifts energy production to a more efficient carbohydrate oxidation during ischemia. It also inhibits late inward sodium currents, reducing calcium overload and improving diastolic function and myocardial perfusion. Ranolazine has been shown to reduce angina frequency and improve exercise ability with no effects on blood pressure or heart rate. Its benefits and mechanisms of action were discussed along with its indications, studies, and potential role in other conditions such as diabetes and cardioplegia.
SSRIs
The document compares the serotonergic antidepressants currently available in the US on variables such as indications, efficacy, structure, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, side effects, dosing preparations, and cost considerations. It discusses that while the drugs are structurally unrelated, they all inhibit neuronal reuptake of serotonin. Their potency and selectivity at the serotonin transporter varies, which may account for some differences seen between individual patient responses. Overall, all drugs are considered similarly effective compared to placebo and TCAs for treating conditions like depression and anxiety.
Paracetamol per napoli sia 2009
This document discusses the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paracetamol (acetaminophen). It provides an overview of its mechanism of action, metabolism, elimination, toxicity risks, and therapeutic drug monitoring. It notes that the mechanisms are not fully understood but likely involve inhibition of prostaglandin H2 synthases and interactions with the endocannabinoid system. Optimal plasma concentrations for analgesia are between 10-20 micrograms/mL while toxicity risk increases above 150 micrograms/mL. The document also reviews factors influencing absorption and pharmacokinetics after different routes of administration.
Faculty Presentation- Dr Sreedevi.pptx
The document discusses nausea and vomiting in palliative care, outlining various causes, mechanisms, assessments, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies. Common causes of nausea and vomiting include gastric stasis, bowel obstruction, chemotherapy, increased intracranial pressure, vertigo, and side effects of medications like opioids. Management involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, providing anti-emetics to target specific receptors and pathways involved in nausea and vomiting, and employing non-pharmacological measures for symptom relief and improved quality of life.
Faculty Presentation- Dr Sreedevi.pptx
The document discusses nausea and vomiting in palliative care, outlining various causes, mechanisms, assessments, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies. Common causes of nausea and vomiting include gastric stasis, bowel obstruction, chemotherapy, increased intracranial pressure, vertigo, and side effects of medications like opioids. Management involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, providing anti-emetics to target specific receptors and pathways involved in nausea and vomiting, and employing non-pharmacological measures for symptom relief and improved quality of life.
More Related Content
What's hot
Tramadol
Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and also inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, and constipation. Tramadol can interact dangerously with other drugs and should be used carefully, as prescribed, due to risks of addiction, overdose, and adverse effects.
ARB in the management of Hypertension
ARBs (Angiotensin receptor blockers) are the most widely used anti hypertensive throughout the world. A solid knowledge related to ARB will make our practice more patients friendly & benefit will be maximum.
PANTOPRAZOLE IV
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD, erosive esophagitis, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It works by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase pump in the stomach's parietal cells to suppress gastric acid secretion. Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, and nausea. Pantoprazole has drug interactions with atazanavir, ceritinib, dipyridamole, ketoconazole, and methotrexate that require dose adjustments or alternative treatment. Overdose symptoms include hypoactivity, ataxia, and tremors, treated with supportive care and discontinuing the drug.
Tolvaptan
Tolvaptan is an oral selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hyponatremia. [1] It produces significant aquaresis and increases serum sodium levels without affecting electrolyte levels. [2] Clinical trials showed tolvaptan effectively corrected hyponatremia in heart failure and cirrhosis patients. [3] In acute decompensated heart failure, tolvaptan provided relief of symptoms without affecting mortality, renal function, or electrolyte levels long-term. [3] The most common side effects are thirst, dry mouth, and polyuria. [4]
Opoid analgesics
This ppt contains the description about opoidal analgesic drugs with their Receptors, MOA and Chemical Classification.
Opioid Agonists And Antagonists
This document summarizes various opioid agonists and antagonists. It discusses natural and synthetic opioids like morphine, codeine, heroin, hydromorphone, fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, and diphenoxylate. It also covers opioid receptors, endogenous opioid peptides, pharmacokinetics, effects, tolerance, toxicity, and antagonists like naloxone and naltrexone. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are also briefly mentioned.
Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Migraine
Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Migraine
- Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headache attacks associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
- New acute and preventive treatment options include CGRP antagonists, 5-HT1F agonists, glutamate receptor antagonists, and orexin receptor antagonists.
- Existing drugs such as dexamethasone, carvedilol, tiagabine, levetiracetam, zonisamide, and tizanidine have shown promise for preventive treatment when used off-label.
- Medical devices like Cerena, Cefaly, and Gamma Core provide non-drug options for acute or
الاسم العلمي والتجاري للأدوية pdf.pdf
#دكتور_حاتم_البيطار
#دحاتم_البيطار
#timodentist
📞01005684344
💬 واتس 01202389028
Dr Hatem ElBitar
د حاتم البيطار
أستشاري وجراح أسنان
زميل الزمالة المصرية
محاضر ادارة المستشفيات ومكافحة العدوى
01005684344
#دحاتم_البيطار
http://bit.ly/2xzMIlo
https://64a832848a05c.site123.me/
http://drhatemelbeetar.wordpress.com
timo660733705.wordpress.com
https://drhatembetar.wordpress.com/
Alpha blockers
This document discusses different types of alpha adrenergic blockers, including their classification, mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and examples. It covers reversible nonselective alpha blockers like phentolamine and tolazoline, irreversible nonselective blockers like phenoxybenzamine, and reversible selective alpha-1 blockers like prazosin. These drugs cause vasodilation and reduce blood pressure by blocking alpha receptors. They are used to treat conditions like hypertension, Raynaud's disease, prostate issues, and pheochromocytoma. The document also briefly mentions alpha-2 blockers, ergot alkaloids, and other miscellaneous agents that have alpha blocking properties.
Sacubitril valsartan EK
LCZ696 was more effective than enalapril in reducing the risks of CV death and HF hospitalization, CV death, HF hospitalization, and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. LCZ696 also provided incremental improvements in symptoms and physical limitations. LCZ696 was better tolerated than enalapril with lower rates of symptomatic hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal impairment, and cough.
Diuretics in hypertension 2015 by Dr Abhishek Rathore
Diuretics are recommended as first-line therapy for hypertension. The document discusses various classes of diuretics including loop diuretics, thiazides, thiazide-like agents, and potassium sparing agents. It provides examples of drugs in each class, their mechanisms of action, and sites of action. The document summarizes evidence from clinical trials showing that thiazide diuretics like chlorthalidone are more effective than hydrochlorothiazide at reducing cardiovascular events in hypertension. Indapamide is discussed as an alternative to hydrochlorothiazide with similar efficacy and fewer metabolic side effects. Combinations of ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers with diuretics are also effective antihy
Tramadol original
Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. It comes in both immediate and extended release forms, with the extended release form intended for around-the-clock pain treatment rather than as-needed use. Common side effects include nausea, dizziness, constipation, and drowsiness. Tramadol is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, so dosage reductions may be needed for those with liver or kidney impairment. Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding requires caution.
Are all arbs the same?
1) Telmisartan has the longest half-life, largest volume of distribution, highest lipophilicity, and lowest renal excretion of clinically available ARBs, resulting in the longest duration of action.
2) Telmisartan binds insurmountably to the AT1 receptor and has a much longer dissociation half-life compared to losartan, providing tighter, more sustained blockade of the RAS.
3) Telmisartan is the preferred ARB for patients with renal impairment due to its renal excretion profile and superior blood pressure lowering in renal disease compared to other ARBs like losartan.
Insulins in type 2 diabetes mellitus
1. The document discusses different types of insulin, including their onset, peak, and duration of action.
2. It describes insulin treatment regimens like split-mixed, premixed, and basal-bolus approaches.
3. Guidelines are provided for starting basal insulin and advancing to a basal-bolus regimen, including dose adjustment based on blood glucose levels.
Dabigatran
This document discusses the novel oral anticoagulant dabigatran etexilate. It provides details on dabigatran's chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, regulatory status, indications, dosage, contraindications, interactions, and advantages over older drugs. Clinical trials demonstrated dabigatran's non-inferiority or superiority to warfarin for stroke prevention, treatment of venous thromboembolism, and prevention of thrombosis after orthopedic surgery. Dabigatran was approved for these indications based on its efficacy and safety profile.
Methylxanthines
This document presents a study on the determination of methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline) in cocoa, coffee, and tea using HPLC. The author develops and validates an HPLC method for extracting and analyzing the methylxanthine content of different samples. Results show theobromine is mainly present in cocoa, caffeine is abundant in coffee, and only trace amounts of theophylline are found in the three samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is also used to identify methylxanthines and observe their fragmentation patterns.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) like imipramine, amitriptyline, and clomipramine work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. They also block receptors like muscarinic, alpha, and histamine receptors. Common adverse effects include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac issues like arrhythmia. TCAs can have dangerous interactions with other drugs and should be used cautiously in certain patient populations such as the elderly, those with heart conditions, epilepsy, or suicidal thoughts. While primarily used to treat depression and anxiety, TCAs are also used for other conditions like migraine,
Ranolazine
Ranolazine is a new antianginal drug that represents a new class of drugs. It partially inhibits fatty acid oxidation and shifts energy production to a more efficient carbohydrate oxidation during ischemia. It also inhibits late inward sodium currents, reducing calcium overload and improving diastolic function and myocardial perfusion. Ranolazine has been shown to reduce angina frequency and improve exercise ability with no effects on blood pressure or heart rate. Its benefits and mechanisms of action were discussed along with its indications, studies, and potential role in other conditions such as diabetes and cardioplegia.
SSRIs
The document compares the serotonergic antidepressants currently available in the US on variables such as indications, efficacy, structure, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, side effects, dosing preparations, and cost considerations. It discusses that while the drugs are structurally unrelated, they all inhibit neuronal reuptake of serotonin. Their potency and selectivity at the serotonin transporter varies, which may account for some differences seen between individual patient responses. Overall, all drugs are considered similarly effective compared to placebo and TCAs for treating conditions like depression and anxiety.
Paracetamol per napoli sia 2009
This document discusses the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paracetamol (acetaminophen). It provides an overview of its mechanism of action, metabolism, elimination, toxicity risks, and therapeutic drug monitoring. It notes that the mechanisms are not fully understood but likely involve inhibition of prostaglandin H2 synthases and interactions with the endocannabinoid system. Optimal plasma concentrations for analgesia are between 10-20 micrograms/mL while toxicity risk increases above 150 micrograms/mL. The document also reviews factors influencing absorption and pharmacokinetics after different routes of administration.
What's hot (20)
Diuretics in hypertension 2015 by Dr Abhishek Rathore
Diuretics in hypertension 2015 by Dr Abhishek Rathore
Similar to Final dolasetron
Faculty Presentation- Dr Sreedevi.pptx
The document discusses nausea and vomiting in palliative care, outlining various causes, mechanisms, assessments, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies. Common causes of nausea and vomiting include gastric stasis, bowel obstruction, chemotherapy, increased intracranial pressure, vertigo, and side effects of medications like opioids. Management involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, providing anti-emetics to target specific receptors and pathways involved in nausea and vomiting, and employing non-pharmacological measures for symptom relief and improved quality of life.
Faculty Presentation- Dr Sreedevi.pptx
The document discusses nausea and vomiting in palliative care, outlining various causes, mechanisms, assessments, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies. Common causes of nausea and vomiting include gastric stasis, bowel obstruction, chemotherapy, increased intracranial pressure, vertigo, and side effects of medications like opioids. Management involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, providing anti-emetics to target specific receptors and pathways involved in nausea and vomiting, and employing non-pharmacological measures for symptom relief and improved quality of life.
Emetics, antiemetics and prokinetic agents.pptx
The document discusses emetics and antiemetics. It describes the physiology of vomiting and pathophysiology of cytotoxic drug-induced vomiting. It discusses various emetics like apomorphine, ipecacuanha, and their mechanisms of action. It also discusses various classes of antiemetics like dopamine D2 antagonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, antimuscarinics, neuroleptics, neurokinin receptor antagonists and others. It provides details about specific drugs from these classes like ondansetron, metoclopramide, domperidone. It also discusses prokinetic agents that enhance gastrointestinal motility like metoclopramide, domperidone,
Antiemetics
This document provides an overview of different classes of antiemetic drugs, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical uses. It discusses 5HT3 antagonists like ondansetron, prokinetic drugs like metoclopramide, neuroleptics, H1 antihistamines, anticholinergics, and corticosteroids like dexamethasone. The document also reviews the pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting, focusing on the role of the chemoreceptor trigger zone and receptors like 5HT3, dopamine D2, muscarinic, and histaminic H1. It provides dosing guidelines for representative drugs in each class.
Antiemetics.ppt
This document discusses four classes of anti-emetic and anti-vertigo agents: 1) antidopaminergics such as phenothiazines, 2) antihistamines and anticholinergics, 3) serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, and 4) miscellaneous agents. It describes the mechanisms of nausea, vomiting, and vertigo, including the roles of the chemoreceptor trigger zone and vomiting center. Specific agents are discussed within each class, along with their indications, mechanisms of action, formulations, and other important information.
Antiemetic drugs
This document discusses emesis (vomiting) and anti-emetic drugs. It begins by defining emesis and distinguishing it from nausea and retching. It then covers the causes, symptoms, and consequences of vomiting. The pathophysiology section explains the role of the chemoreceptor trigger zone, vomiting center, vestibular nuclei, and other structures. It also identifies the receptor types involved like 5-HT3, D2, H1, muscarinic M1, and neurokinin NK1. The pharmacology section provides details on common anti-emetic drug classes that act on these receptors, including 5-HT3 blockers, D2 antagonists, H1 antagonists, ant
Organophosphorus poisioning.pptx
Organophosphorus poisoning is one of the most common causes of self-poisoning in India. Common organophosphorus compounds used include parathion, paraoxon, and malathion. Symptoms include diarrhea, miosis, altered sensorium, muscle fasciculations, and respiratory weakness. Poisoning is diagnosed based on exposure history and low cholinesterase levels. Treatment involves decontamination, atropinization to block muscarinic effects, pralidoxime to reverse nicotinic effects, and supportive care including raising the foot of the bed and suctioning secretions.
KK Anti emetic drugs
This powerpoint presentation deals with what is emesis how is emesis caused and what are the anti emetic drugs used with their detailed pharmacology.
Pharmacology I pharmacokinetics (Biotransformation and Elimination of drug)
1) The document discusses biotransformation and elimination of drugs by the body. Biotransformation involves chemical alteration of drugs in the body primarily by the liver through phase I and phase II reactions. 2) Phase I reactions include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis which make drugs more polar for elimination. Phase II reactions conjugate drugs to make them water soluble through reactions like glucuronidation and sulfation. 3) Drugs are eliminated from the body primarily through the kidneys and liver and also intestines, lungs, skin and milk. The rate and half-life of elimination depends on whether it follows first order or zero order kinetics.
ANTIEMETICS AND PROKINETICS.pptx
This document discusses emesis and various drugs used to treat nausea and vomiting. It begins by describing the protective reflex of emesis and the phases of the vomiting process. It then outlines the receptors involved in emesis and lists several classes of emetic and antiemetic drugs, including their mechanisms of action and uses. Examples discussed include ondansetron, aprepitant, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and dexamethasone. The document provides details on the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of many antiemetic medications.
Antiemetics, Pharmacology by Baqir Naqvi.pptx
Emetics and anti-emetics were discussed. Emetics cause vomiting through central or local mechanisms. Centrally-acting emetics like apomorphine and pilocarpine stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Locally-acting emetics like mustard and concentrated salt solutions irritate the stomach lining. Anti-emetics work by blocking receptors involved in vomiting like 5-HT3, dopamine D2, histamine H1, and muscarinic receptors. Common anti-emetic classes discussed were 5-HT3 antagonists like ondansetron, D2 antagonists like metoclopramide, NK1 antagonists like aprepitant, H1 antagonists like diphen
Parasympathomimetic drugs
Synthesis, Storage, Release, Metabolism, receptors pharmacological action of Ach and classification of Parasympathomimetic drugs
Cholinergictransmissionanddrugs 150225023103-conversion-gate01 kk
This document summarizes information about cholinergic transmission and drugs that act on the cholinergic system. It discusses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter and its roles. It describes the distribution of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors and the effects of cholinergic drugs. Specifically, it covers direct and indirect cholinergic agonists as well as anticholinesterases and antimuscarinic drugs. It also provides information on myasthenia gravis and organophosphate poisoning, including associated signs/symptoms and treatment approaches.
Cholinergic transmission and drugs
cholinergic transmission , acetycholine action and its receptor antagonist , succinycholine , neuro muscular blockade
Emetics and anti emetics
This document discusses emetics and antiemetics. It describes how emetics work by stimulating the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata, while antiemetics work to prevent vomiting by blocking receptors in the vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone. It provides examples of common emetics like apomorphine and ipecacuanha that act centrally or peripherally. It also discusses classes of antiemetics like antihistamines, dopamine antagonists, serotonin antagonists, and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists; and examples within each class like ondansetron, metoclopramide, and aprepitant. Adverse effects and therapeutic uses are also summarized for
Serotonin 5
Serotonin 5-HT3-receptor antagonists are used to prevent chemotherapy-induced, post-operative, and post-radiation nausea and vomiting by blocking serotonin receptors centrally and peripherally. They have half-lives ranging from 3.9 to 40 hours and are metabolized in the liver. According to clinical guidelines, they are highly effective for preventing acute nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy, especially when administered intravenously 30 minutes before treatment. Common side effects include constipation, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness.
L P 2 Cholinoergic drugs.pdf
This document discusses cholinergic drugs, which mimic the effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It describes several direct-acting cholinoceptor agonists, including choline esters like carbachol and alkaloids like pilocarpine. Indirect-acting drugs that increase acetylcholine availability are also outlined, such as cholinesterase inhibitors like edrophonium and donepezil. The document details the mechanisms and clinical uses of these cholinergic drugs, as well as their adverse effects and treatments for overdose.
L P 2 Cholinoergic drugs.pdf
This document discusses cholinergic drugs, which mimic the effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It describes two main types of cholinergic drugs: direct-acting cholinoceptor agonists and indirect-acting cholinomimetic drugs. Direct agonists such as bethanechol and pilocarpine directly activate muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Indirect drugs such as donepezil and rivastigmine inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, increasing the availability of acetylcholine. The document also discusses uses, mechanisms, examples, and adverse effects of various cholinergic drugs.
The Use of Ultra-Short Opiods in Anesthesia
This document discusses the pharmacokinetics and dosing guidelines for remifentanil, an ultra-short acting opioid, used in anesthesia. Remifentanil has a rapid onset and offset of action due to its rapid equilibration and metabolism by nonspecific esterases. It has a context-sensitive half-life allowing its effects to rapidly disappear after termination of infusion. Dosing guidelines are provided for induction, maintenance of general anesthesia, and monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with adjustments for special populations like elderly, obese, and those with hepatic or renal impairment. Adverse effects are discussed for general anesthesia and MAC.
Rozerem (ramelteon)
This document discusses the melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon, which is approved for the treatment of insomnia. It summarizes ramelteon's mechanism of action as a highly selective agonist for melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, which are involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles. Clinical studies showed that ramelteon significantly reduced time to fall asleep and increased total sleep time compared to placebo, without next-day residual effects. In contrast, benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotics can cause dependence, abuse potential, and daytime sedation. Ramelteon has no serious adverse effects and no abuse potential even at high doses, making it preferable to other
Similar to Final dolasetron (20)
Pharmacology I pharmacokinetics (Biotransformation and Elimination of drug)
Pharmacology I pharmacokinetics (Biotransformation and Elimination of drug)
Cholinergictransmissionanddrugs 150225023103-conversion-gate01 kk
Cholinergictransmissionanddrugs 150225023103-conversion-gate01 kk
Recently uploaded
The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Recently uploaded (20)
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Final dolasetron
- 1. Dolasetron Anzemet By: Alma Cato
- 2. Dolasetron doe-lass’eh-tron IUPAC: (2α,6α,8α,9aβ)-octahydro-3-oxo-2,6- methano-2H-quinolizin-8-yl-1H indole-3-carboxylate monomethanesulfonate, monohydrate. Chemical class: Nonbenzamide Therapeutic class: Antiematic Active ingredient: dolasetron mesylate
- 3. Dolasetron Prodrug-administered in an inactive form; once administered, the prodrug is metabolised in vivo into an active metabolite (hydrodolasetron) FDA approved in 1997 Patent expires July 2011 Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting
- 4. Properties Molecular weight- 438.50 Density- 1.28 Purity-≥98% Soluble in water and propylene glycol Slightly soluble in ethanol Slightly soluble in normal saline
- 5. Chemotherapy Kills cancer cells Administered through a vein, injected into a body cavity, delivered orally Destroys cell Cannot distinguish b/t cancer/healthy cells Slow and rapid growth- variance in chemotherapy Each drug has a different way of working and is effective at specific time in the life cycle it targets
- 6. Chemo drugs Altretamine (Hexalen) Dacarbazine Doxorubicin Mechlorethamine (Mustargen) Procarbazine (Matulane) Oxaliplatin Cisplatin
- 7. Synthesis Nitration Reduction Cyclization Hydrolysis of ester Methylation Formation of acyl chloride Elimination of HCl
- 8. Mechanism 5-HT3 receptors are present in vagal afferents, solitary tract nucleus, and the area postrema Seretonin is released by enterchromaffin cells of the small intestine in response to chemotherapy and stimulate vagal afferents to initiate the vomiting reflex 5-HT3 receptor antagonists suppress vomiting and nausea by suppressing serotonin binding to the 5-HT3 receptors
- 9. Mechanism of action Blocks the action of serotonin at 5-HT3 receptors
- 11. Double blind ANZEMET Tablets Response Over 24 25 mg 50 mg 100 mg† 200 mg p-value for Hours (N=78) (N=83) (N=80) (N=78) Linear Trend Complete 24 (31%) 34 (41%) 49 (61%) 46 (59%) P < .0001 Response ‡ Nausea Score§ 49 10 11 7 P=.0006 Response ANZEMET Tablets Over 24 Hours
- 12. Pharmacokinetics intravenous: peak <1hr oral: peak 1 1/2hr Absolute bioavailability- 75% T1/2= approximately 10 minutes (parent drug) and 8 hour (active metabolite) Concentration occurs approximately 1 hour after dosing
- 13. Pharmacokinetics Reduction of dolasetron to hydrodolasetron is mediated by carbonyl reductase Hydrodolasetron appears rapidly in the plasma membrane Cytochrome P-450 is responsible for hydroxylation of hydrodolasetron CYP3A and flavin monooxygenase are both responsible for N-oxidation of hydrodolasetron Elimination via renal excretion as well as glucorinidation and hydroxylation
- 14. Drug dosage Chemotherapy IV- 1.8mg/kg (30 minutes prior) PO- 100mg (single does 1 hour prior) Postoperative IV- 12.5mg (single dose 15 minutes prior) PO- 100mg (single does 2 hour prior)
- 15. Cost IV 100mg/vial- $173.16 TABLETS 50mg, 5’s: $249.00-$287.60 100 mg, 5’s: $366.54-$381.20
- 16. Side effects CNS: Dizziness, headache, light-headedness CV: ECG changes, hypertension, hypotension EENT: blurred vision GI: Constipation, diarrhea, elevated transaminases, increased appetite Chills, fever
Editor's Notes
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n
- \n