At 50°C, PCR primers are able to access target DNA before template s.pdf

•

0 likes•2 views

At 50°C, PCR primers are able to access target DNA before template strands can rejoin due to...A. ) Template being forced apart by single stranded binding protein Solution Correct answer is option A and B. Template being forced apart by single stranded binding proteins. Primers being more abundant than template. SsBP do not allow the dna strands to anneal until the primer attaches to the template strand. They help in more accurate PCR. Large number of primers means more chances of primers binding to target DNA..

Education

More from archanacomputers1

Darwin believed that women were less evolved than men, and because of their smaller brains were eternally primitive. He argued that male intelligence was consistently sharpened through the struggle for possession of females through sexual selection and through hunting and other activities such as defending females and young which is natural selection. Men had ultimately become superior to women. Address each of the following: What do you think were the implications of these statements from Darwin for women in science and mathematics following their publication in 1871? Do you think it helped or made it worse for women trying to break into this male dominated environment? What types of implications might these statements have caused? Do you think Darwin\'s statements have lingering influences in today\'s science profession? Describe. Solution As indicated by Darwinian hypothesis, ladies were less developed than men, and due to their littler brains, they were \"forever primitive,\" virtuous, less otherworldly, more materialistic, and \"a genuine risk to contemporary civilization.\" The assumed insight crevice that many driving Darwinists accepted existed between human guys and females was large to the point that some driving Darwinists characterized them as two unmistakable species—guys as Homo frontalis and females as Homo parietalis. The distinctions were great to the point that Darwin was flabbergasted \"such extraordinary creatures have a place with the same species.\" Purposes behind male predominance incorporated the conclusion that war and chasing pruned the weaker men, permitting just the most fit to return home and reproduce. Ladies, conversely, were not subject to these determination weights but rather were ensured by men, permitting the frail to survive. Darwin\'s compositions and those of his devotees uncover that the conviction of ladies inadequacy was vital to early transformative hypothesis. In The Descent of Man Darwin contended that grown-up females of most species looked like the youthful of both genders and that \"guys are more developmentally progressed than females. This corrupting perspective of ladies quickly spread to Darwin\'s logical and scholarly peers amid the late Victorian period and intensely affected numerous scholars who had a noteworthy part in forming the accompanying era—from Sigmund Freud to Havelock Ellis. Evelleen Richards infers that Darwin\'s perspectives about ladies coherently took after from his hypothesis, \"in this manner feeding a few eras of logical sexism.\"Importantly, subsequently of Darwin\'s thoughts, researchers were roused to utilize science to manufacture bolster for the position that ladies were \"plainly mediocre and irreversibly subordinate\" to men, hence affecting all of society. Darwinian intuition upheld the possibility that men were better than ladies, which was at that point inside many societies. Darwin essentially offered belief to this unbiblical instructing.

Darwin believed that women were less evolved than men, and because o.pdf

archanacomputers1

a) become more similar to one another. b) become more different than the mean. c) cluster around the mean. d) are more accurately represented by the mean.As the standard deviation gets larger, the scores in the distribution a) become more similar to one another. b) become more different than the mean. c) cluster around the mean. d) are more accurately represented by the mean. Solution b) become more different than the mean.

a) become more similar to one another. b) become more different th.pdf

archanacomputers1

Why are the shape and slope of a dose-response curve important? Solution Answer: It is important for to predict the toxicity of a substance at specific dose levels. Major differences among drugs may exist not only in the point at which the threshold is reached but also in the percent of population responding per unit change in dose (i.e., the slope). The slope of the dose response curve represents rate of buildup of toxic effects..

Why are the shape and slope of a dose-response curve importantS.pdf

archanacomputers1

When streaking a plate, the idea is to dilute the bacteria sufficiently so that by the 3^rd phase of the plate you have isolated colonies; a plate contains sufficient surface area to allow isolated colonies to appear, whereas a slant does not. _ Enrichment media contains substances that various bacteria require for growth; blood agar is considered enrichment media as it detects hemolysins. Solution the answers are true, streaking provides more surface area for the microbes and we can isolate individual colonies but a slant cannot. In a slant we can store the bacterias for long term. Enrichment media is enriched with specific nutrients to support the growth of specific microorganism and inhibits other microbes.Blood agar is a enriched midia.

When streaking a plate, the idea is to dilute the bacteria sufficie.pdf

archanacomputers1

Why is it bad for a group to be polyphyletic? What type of traits can be used in a cladistic analysis? Solution Polyphyletic group doesnot involve grouping of all the desendents of a common ancestor. This kind of grouping arises when analogous characters of the organisms were misunderstood. The organisms placed under polyphyletic group have similar characteristics, however they donot share these characters from a common ancestor. Cladistic analysis takes into consideration of shared characters i.e; synapomorphies, evolutionary relationship, common ancestor.

Why is it bad for a group to be polyphyleticWhat type of traits c.pdf

archanacomputers1

When recruiting a sample of individuals to participate in a study on reaction time, researchers used the most recent census to identify local older adults, who were between the ages of 60 and 65, between 65 and 70, between 70 and 75, between 75 and 80, and between 80 and 85. Once they had identified these subgroups, the researchers randomly selected 20 people from within each age group to participate in the study. What kind of sampling method did the researchers use? a. convenience sampling b. random sampling c. stratified sampling d. cluster sampling Solution d. cluster sampling.

When recruiting a sample of individuals to participate in a study on.pdf

archanacomputers1

Where does the Calvin cycle take place? stroma of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane thylakoid space outer membrane of the chloroplast cytoplasm In a plant cell, where are ATP synthase complexes located? A. thylakoid membrane B. Inner mitochondrial membrane C. plasma membrane D. A & B E. A, B, and C Solution 9. Stroma of the chloroplasts Calvin cycle takes place inside the stroma of the chloroplasts. 10. The answer is D. Both Aand B. In plants ATP synthase complexes are present in the thylakoids membrane and in the inner mitochondrial membrane..

Where does the Calvin cycle take place stroma of the chloroplast t.pdf

archanacomputers1

What are the pros and cons of using the mode as your measure of central tendency? Solution The mode is that observation that occurs most often. It is usually not unique, and is therefore not that often used. Advantages : 1) It has the advantage that it applies to numerical as well as categorical variables. 2) As with the median, the mode is easy to find if the data is small and sorted. Disadvantages : 1) The mode only refers to the element that ocurs the maximum number of times. So, it doe snot apply when the data set has many outliers or if the data set has a very large number of elements.

What are the pros and cons of using the mode as your measure of cent.pdf

archanacomputers1

We presented a list of capabilities that should be provided by the DBMS software to the DBA, database designers, and end users to help them design, administer, and use a database. Then we gave a brief historical perspective on the evolution of database applications. We pointed out the recent rapid growth of the amounts and types of data that must be stored in databases, and we discussed the emergence of new systems for handling \"big data\" applications. Finally, we discussed the overhead costs of using a DBMS and discussed some situations in which it may not be advantageous to use one. Define the following terms: data, database, DBMS, database system, database catalog, program-data independence, user view, DBA, end user, canned transaction, deductive database system, persistent object, meta-data, and transaction-processing application. What four main types of actions involve databases? Briefly discuss each. Discuss the main characteristics of the database approach and how it differs from traditional file systems. What are the responsibilities of the DBA and the database designers? What are the different types of database end users? Discuss the main activities of each. Discuss the capabilities that should be provided by a DBMS. Discuss the differences between database systems and information retrieval systems. Identify some informal queries and update operations that you would expect to apply to the database shown in Figure 1.2. What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled redundancy? Illustrate with examples. Specify all the relationships among the records of the database shown in Figure 1.2. Solution I. Data: data is simply called as collection of objects. Data base : data base is collection of information which is organised in so the information can be accessed very easily. Data base Management System: it is a computer software. it creates and manages database.it also capture and analyses the data. Data base System : it is a highlevel definition which relates the structure and relationship between stored data. Database catalog : database catalog consists of tables, views, synonyms, value ranges, indexes, users, and user groups are stored. program data independence: Data independence is the type of data transparency that matters for a DBMS. User View: It is some set screens which appears for a user to select a certain actiomn or option. DBA: DBA refers to data base adminstrator he controls all the action with respect to data base. End User: end user is a person he will use the product after it is developed fully. Canned Transaction : It is a standard type of query and updates that have been carefully programmed and tested. deductive database: A deductive database is a database system that can make deductions (i.e., conclude additional facts) based on rules and facts. Persistent objects: These are the fundamental logical units of data storage in a database. Meta data: meta data is a data which provides the information of other .

We presented a list of capabilities that should be provided by the DB.pdf

archanacomputers1

Two loudspeakers on elevated platforms are at opposite ends of a field. Each broadcasts equally in all directions. The sound intensity level at a point halfway between the loudspeakers is 71.6 dB . Q:What is the sound intensity level at a point one-quarter of the way from one speaker to the other along the line joining them? Solution We know that the net intensity level due to multiple source is given as: 71.6 = 10 log ( Inet / I0); 71.6 = 10 log(2I/Io) Now, what we have is that the Inet = 2I where I is the intensity due to one of the speakers. [Since the two loudspeakers are the same, we take Intensity at the centre of the field due be same] Further, we know that Intensity due to a sound source is inversely proportional to the distance from the source. That is the net intensity at a point one quarter away from one of the sources = 4I + 4I/9 = 40 I/9 [Since the distance from one of the speakers will be halved, the intensity becomes 4 times, while for other the distance will become 3/2 times, hence the intensity will become 4/9 times] Hence, the new sound intensity level = 10 log(40 I / 9 Io) = 10log [(20/9)*(2I/Io)] = 10log(20/9) + 71.6 Therefore, the net sound intensity level = 75.0679 dB.

Two loudspeakers on elevated platforms are at opposite ends of a fie.pdf

archanacomputers1

Tube and Contents Molality 1 10 g dl NaCl 2 36 gal Na B 0.8 gdl. Na .pdf

archanacomputers1

The questions are.. 2. Which cell cycle phase requires the longest time for completion? 3. Which mitotic phase requires the longest time for completion? 4. What important changes are occurring in the nucleus during the longest phase of mitosis? Does this justify the amount of time spent in the phase? 5. Which mitotic phase requires the next longest time for completion? 6. Which mitotic phase requires the shortest time for completion? 7. Are there any assumptions made in using this method to estimate the timing of phases within the cell cycle? What are the most important assumptions? In the scientific method (hypothetico-deductive method), complementary hypotheses are evaluated to determine the best explanation for a natural phenomenon. The scientific researcher develops both a testable hypothesis (sometimes called an alternative hypothesis) and a complementary null hypothesis. Then the researcher collects data to evaluate both hypotheses, and if the data is sufficient, determines that one of the hypotheses is the better explanation. 8. Cancer is a disease that involves irregular accumulation of cells within the body tissues. Develop a pair of hypotheses about cancer that address the length of the phases within the cell cycle and the length of the cell cycle itself. Please list your hypotheses along with a brief (only one or two sentences) explanation explaining why you have chosen those hypotheses. 2. Solution ans 2: Interphase requires the longest time for completion,about 78 % of the time of Cell cycle the cell remain in this non dividing stage.IN this phase DNA replicates cells, become larger accumulate substances that are essential for cell division, growth and development. ans 3: Prophase is the longest mitotic phase, which requires about 14 % of the time of cell cycle. ans 4: Imortant changes occuring during prophase are: During early prophase: The chromosome begins to condense. The mitotic spindle begins to form. As we know spindle fibers plays an imortant role of organizing the chromosomes and move around during the mitotic phase. The nucleolus disappears,this shows that the protein synthesis stops and the nucleus is ready to break down. During late prophase: Chromosomes become compact Nuclear envelop breakes down releasing the chromosomes. Mitotic spindleelongates and gets attached to chromosome. This phase takes longer than the others because the nuclear envelope fragments and the microtubules have to attach to the chromosomes. Yes, time spend in this phase is justified as without spindle fibers attachment to the chromosomes and nuclear envelope breakdown the cell division is not possible. Ans 5: The Metaphase of the mitotic phase requires the next longest time for completion about 4% of the cellcycle time is consumed during this phase. In this phase lining up of chromosome at metaplate occurs, and the check point for two kinetochores of each chromosome are correctly attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles or not. Ans 6.

The questions are..2. Which cell cycle phase requires the longest .pdf

archanacomputers1

The Fibonacci numbers are an interesting sequence of positive integers where each value is the sum of the previous two values. We begin with F_1=F_2=1 (4.3) Each successive value is then obtained from the formula F_i=F_i+1+F_i-2, i= 3, 4, 5, ... (4.4) Create an Excel worksheet containing the first 20 Fibonacci numbers. Test each Fibonacci number to determine if it is odd or even. Place the Fibonacci numbers in column A, and the corresponding odd/even labels in column B. Solution 0 FALSE even 1 TRUE odd 1 TRUE odd 2 FALSE even 3 TRUE odd 5 TRUE odd 8 FALSE even 13 TRUE odd 21 TRUE odd 34 FALSE even 55 TRUE odd 89 TRUE odd 144 FALSE even 233 TRUE odd 377 TRUE odd 610 FALSE even 987 TRUE odd 1597 TRUE odd 2584 FALSE even 4181 TRUE odd.

The Fibonacci numbers are an interesting sequence of positive integer.pdf

archanacomputers1

The graph of a function f is shown in Compute the Riemann sum when .pdf

archanacomputers1

Suppose Venus rotated as rapidly as Earth. Briefly explain how and w.pdf

archanacomputers1

Suppose that f: X rightarrow Y and g: Y rightarrow Z are bijections of sets. Prove that the composite g f: X rightarrow Z is also a bijection and that (g f)^-1 = f^-1 g^-1: z rightarrow Y rightarrow X. Solution As they are bijections, they have inverses f1, g1 (i.e. the respective inverses are defined) from B to A and from C to B respectively. (gf)(f1g1)=(g1C)g1=1C(gf)(f1g1)=(g1C)g1=1C (f1g1)(gf)=(f11A)f=1A(f1g1)(gf)=(f11A)f=1A so gf has an inverse and thus is bijective. Hence proved. In the answer written above, A and C are subscripts.(please note).

Suppose that f X rightarrow Y and g Y rightarrow Z are bijections.pdf

archanacomputers1

Q1: Three deeply influential social organizations in culture are: A/ Family, State, & Education. B/ Family, Religion, & Education. C/ Religion, Education, & State. D/ Family, State, & Religion. Solution I strongly believe it is B. Family, Religion & Education. Family is the root for any individual, where he is influenced since young & Religion also counts in as this also comes pretty early in life and influences to great extent. Not the least education, influences in the developing stages but it has an cementing effect in shaping the culture of an individua..

Q1 Three deeply influential social organizations in culture areA.pdf

archanacomputers1

processes or cel germ line\' leading to gametes. A B 5. Natural selection operates on individuals either favorable or not, but it is the population that evolves over time. A B 6. Natural selection can occur in a population with or without variation in heritable traits. A B 7. Nuclear DNA is found in the nucleus of cells and in mitochondria. A (B 8. A nucleotide is a DNA unit made of one sugar molecule, one phosphate group and one nitrogen base. A B 9. Humans can synthesize all naturally occurring amino acids necessary for their body to function. A B 10. The genetic code is universal in all vertebrates in which the same DNA triplets specify the same amino acids. A B 11. Homeobox genes are an evolutionarily ancient, critically important type of regulatory genes. A B 12. Gregor Mendel discovered that traits are inherited as discrete units\' later termed genes\' A B 13. The relationship between dominant and recessive alleles in simple Mendelian traits at the phenotype level is always about 4:1, i e. dominant to recessive expression. A B 14. A genetic bottleneck describes a situation when a large population is reduced to few breeding members resulting in reduced genetic diversity. Solution 5. True. It is the population that evolves and not its individual members. 6. False. Variation is necessary for evolution to occur. 7. False. Nuclear DNA is found in nucleus only. Mitochondria has organellar DNA. 8. True. Nucleotide is formed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate group. 9. False. Their are amino acids called as essential amino acids which cannot be formed by body. They must be taken through diet. 10. True. Genetic code is universal meaning same triplet codon codes for same amino acid in all organisms. 11. 12. True. Gregor Mendel discovered heridity units and named them as factors which later became known as genes. 13. False. The ratio is 3:1. 13.

processes or cel germ line leading to gametes. A B 5. Natural selec.pdf

archanacomputers1

Question 3 of 5 Barry recently took a hit of LSD. Immediately afterward he experiences sympathomimetic effects such as an elevation of body temperature and dilation of his pupils. He is most likely in the __________ phase of the LSD experience. A. psychic B. perceptual C. somatic D. sensory Solution The correct answer is option C. The elevation of body temperature and dilation of pupils occurs in somatic phase of LSD experience. Stages of LSD experience: Stage I (Within 1 hour) : Primarily Somatic- Sympathetic nervous system activity: Increase in temperature, Pupil dilation, increase in blood pressure and heart rate, increase in glucose level, decrease appetite, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, tremor. Stage II (Within 2-3 hours of ingestion) : Visual Illusions: wave-like, vortex of color, grids, checkerboard, flashing, increased brightness. Stage II (3 and above hours after ingestion): Psychic stage, maximum effect, mood changes, swings, panic, unexpected thought or memory, visible hallucinations, etc..

Question 3 of 5 Barry recently took a hit of LSD. Immediately afterw.pdf

archanacomputers1

Many elementary school students in a school district currently have ear infections. A random sample of children in two different schools found that 15 of 44 at one school and 16 of 32 at the other have ear infections. At the 0.05 leval of significance, is There sufficient evidence to support the claim that a difference exists between the proportions of students who have ear infections at the two schools? Yes, because the test value -12.20 is outside the noncritical region-1.96 Solution the required answer is (B).

Many elementary school students in a school district currently have e.pdf

archanacomputers1

More from archanacomputers1 (20)