The document discusses fiber extraction processes, highlighting materials like cotton, flax, and jute used for various applications including textiles and cordage. It details the retting process, conditions for effective extraction, and methods for stripping fibers from plants, as well as the processing of sugarcane bagasse into fibers. Additionally, it outlines the recycling uses of these fibers in manufacturing and composites.

1. Fiber Extraction
By- ANSHIKA SAXENA
2015027006
IIFPT THANJAVUR

3. • Fibers are extracted for textiles, brushes, plaiting or coarse weaving,
stuffing material, paper and specialty goods.
• Cotton, flax, ramie, and hemp are most often used for apparel or textile
fibers.
• Jute, cotton, hemp, abacá, sisal, New Zealand flax, and Mauritius hemp
are most often used for cordage.
• Istle, sisal, piassava (palm), and broomcorn (a Sorghum bicolor cultivar)
are most often used for brushes or braiding fibers.
• Kapok, cotton, Spanish moss, and jute are most often used for filling
fibers.
Fiber Extraction

6. RETTING
Fibres are extracted by the process of retting .
Retting is to immerse then fibre bundles in clear slow flowing water
in canals, rivulets, ponds or ditches.
Fibres come together to form stem and ribbon (outer skin ) of plant.
Consists of bundling stems together
Immersing them in low & runnng water .
However , in practice farmers immerse them in local bodies like
small ponds .

10.  Since fibres are contained in the bark or outer skin of stem so either
stems or outerskin called ribbons are retted .
If the stem is retted it is called stem retting.
But
If the ribbons are retted then it is called ribbon
retting .
VS

11. Conditions for good retting
Important conditions for good retting are :
 Water should be non saline and clear .
 Volume of water should be enough to make fibre bundles float .
 When bundles are immersed they should not touch the
bottom.
 Same Retting tank or ditch should not be used.

13. stripping

14. STRIPPING
 The process of removing fibres from the stalk after completion of
retting.
 To judge the right time for striping the fibers from the retted plants of
the ponds or cannels where the plants have been kept for retting.
 Washing and drying of the fibers should be done as quickly as possible.
 Fibres can be removed by any one of following methods :
 Single plants are taken and their fibres are taken off .
 Handful of stalks are taken off, breaking it in a to & fro motion in
water.

15. The bundles of stems are removed from water, allowed to
drain off and then each stem stripped separately. Fibers are
made up into handful and then
washed.
Stripping by hand:

17.  The worker stands in water. He takes some stems in his left hand and beats
the roads of the steams cloth a wooden mallet.
 When the root ends are sufficiently crushed, they are broken off.
 Loose fibers are then drawn to permit easy separation from the rest of the
stems.
 The stripped of fibers are then
washed.
Bunch stripping:

21. Coir Extraction Machine
Coir Extracting Machine
includes the following items:
●Coir Fibre Baling Machine
●Industrial Coir Extraction
Machine

22. Decorticating leaves of sisal

23. Sisal fiber bleaching in the sun

24. PROCESSING SISAL
FIBER
Processing sisal fiber

25. Bagasse
• Bagasse is the fibrous material that
remains after sugarcane are crushed to
exact their juice from sugarcane. It is
dry pulp residue left after the
extraction of juice from sugarcane
• Also known as Sugarcane fibre

26. Micro-structure

27. Component Percent
Cellulose 45-55%
Hemicellulose 20-25%
Lignin 18-24%
Ash 1-4%
Waxs <1%
CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF SUGARCANE FIBRE

28.  At first juice are extract from the
sugarcane.
 After juice extraction the bagasse are
collected for fibre extraction.
 The soft core part pith is removed from the
bagasse manually to get outer hard ring
 The samples are then taken into hot
water treatment
 The samples are then dried in the
sunlight
 Then samples are chemically treated
 After chemicals treatment the fibres are
separated .
Manufacturing process

31. Recycling of Composites

32. USES
• Alcohol
• Fuel
• Board
• Pulp
• Plastic
• Board
• Textile
• Feed