The document discusses various economic policy suggestions, dividing them into "Crazy Economic Suggestions" and "More Serious Economic Suggestions". The crazy suggestions include replacing the income tax with a height tax and having the Federal Reserve randomly remove some currency from circulation. The more serious suggestions discuss reforming programs like Social Security and Medicare to control costs, implementing a carbon tax, and removing barriers to trade.
The next President will need to confront a number of budgetary challenges and will likely sign into law many federal tax and spending changes. Yet too often, election campaigns are about telling voters what they want to hear rather than what they need to know. To separate fiction from reality, the new Fiscal FactChecker series will monitor the 2016 Presidential campaign on an ongoing basis. To start with, we have identified 16 myths that may come up during the campaign.
The non-partisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (CRFB) has compiled a brief background on the scope of our nation's fiscal challenges and the drivers of our debt and deficits, while outlining some of the types of solutions available to address the problems. This Powerpoint is meant to offer an objective, easily-accessible view of our country's fiscal situation as an educational tool meant to help foster open and honest discussion about these issues.
The next President will need to confront a number of budgetary challenges and will likely sign into law many federal tax and spending changes. Yet too often, election campaigns are about telling voters what they want to hear rather than what they need to know. To separate fiction from reality, the new Fiscal FactChecker series will monitor the 2016 Presidential campaign on an ongoing basis. To start with, we have identified 16 myths that may come up during the campaign.
The non-partisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (CRFB) has compiled a brief background on the scope of our nation's fiscal challenges and the drivers of our debt and deficits, while outlining some of the types of solutions available to address the problems. This Powerpoint is meant to offer an objective, easily-accessible view of our country's fiscal situation as an educational tool meant to help foster open and honest discussion about these issues.
Iceland Plan for Monetary Reform -- presentation at Turkish Central BankAsad Zaman
Talk at Turkish Central Bank regarding the Iceland Plan for Monetary Reform. Defects of Current Fractional Reserve Banking system and advantages of proposed 100% reserve banking plan
Two lectures given by Uwazi manager at University of Amsterdam in April 2010. Lectures seek to explain why development aid has so often been ineffective, by exploring the incentives decision makers in developed and developing countries have to make aid work.
Thirty years of growing income inequality, corporate tax cuts and personal tax breaks for the wealthy have undermined the livelihood of working people and set up a state budget crisis which does not need to
exist. We present alternative tax proposals and issue a warning of the ominous consequences of privatization, layoffs and state service cuts for all New Yorkers.
Iceland Plan for Monetary Reform -- presentation at Turkish Central BankAsad Zaman
Talk at Turkish Central Bank regarding the Iceland Plan for Monetary Reform. Defects of Current Fractional Reserve Banking system and advantages of proposed 100% reserve banking plan
Two lectures given by Uwazi manager at University of Amsterdam in April 2010. Lectures seek to explain why development aid has so often been ineffective, by exploring the incentives decision makers in developed and developing countries have to make aid work.
Thirty years of growing income inequality, corporate tax cuts and personal tax breaks for the wealthy have undermined the livelihood of working people and set up a state budget crisis which does not need to
exist. We present alternative tax proposals and issue a warning of the ominous consequences of privatization, layoffs and state service cuts for all New Yorkers.
This slide deck examines new product releases from credit card carriers in our Credit Card Monitor coverage group.
Inside, we provide a rundown of the new products introduced on the firm’s websites during the 2014 year, and highlight their key features.
This set of slides, prepared as the Area Council Report to Diocesan Council, April 2013, describes the richly diverse nature of the Episcopal Area of York-Credit Valley and celebrates the work taking place there.
Here is a recording on key aspects of Keynesian economics applied to current policy issues for the UK and other countries.
An understanding of Keynesian ideas can be helpful in evaluating macroeconomic stability in terms of prices, jobs and incomes.
Keynesians believe that free markets are volatile and not always self-correcting in the event of an external shock
The free-market system is prone to lengthy periods of recession & depression
Economies can remain stuck in an “underemployment” equilibrium
In a world of stagnation or depression, direct state intervention may be essential to restore confidence and lift demand.
Keynes was one of the first economists to criticise the profession for adhering to unrealistic assumptions
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
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Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
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The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Sustainability: Balancing the Environment, Equity & Economy
Ffw 2011
1. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
What If Politicians Listened to Economists
Ryan W. Herzog
Gonzaga University
October 24, 2011
2. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
US Economy
Crazy Economic Suggestions
More Serious Economic Suggestions
3. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Current Output
Figure: Gross Domestic Product and Potential Output
4. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Unemployment
Figure: Unemployment and Employment to Population
5. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Inflation and Interest Rates
Figure: Inflation and Interest Rates
6. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
How Economists Think
Figure: Incentives Matter
7. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
The Height Tax
• Should we replace the income tax with a height tax?
• Greg Mankiw (chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors
to G.W. Bush) proposes a height tax.
• Optimal tax policy should focus on generating revenue
without create perverse incentives. An income tax creates a
disincentive to work.
• There is a correlation between height and income (the taller
the person the greater the income).
• Placing a tax on height, removes the disincentive to work since
you pay the tax regardless of the number of hours worked.
8. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Negative Interest Rates
Figure: Setting a Negative Interest Rate
9. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Negative Interest Rates
• The Federal Reserve will lower interest rates if unemployment
increases or inflation decreases
• During the financial crisis, the levels of unemployment and
inflation warranted a negative interest rate.
• It would encourage spending but who would lend at negative
interest rates?
10. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Negative Interest Rates
• “Imagine that the Fed were to announce that, a year from
today, it would pick a digit from zero to 9 out of a hat. All
currency with a serial number ending in that digit would no
longer be legal tender. Suddenly, the expected return to
holding currency would become negative 10 percent. That
move would free the Fed to cut interest rates below zero.
People would be delighted to lend money at negative 3
percent, since losing 3 percent is better than losing 10. ”
Greg Mankiw (4/18/2009, NY Times)
• Realistically we could get negative real interest rates (after
inflation) if we expect an increase in future inflation.
• What would happen to the real cost of borrowing money if we
expect the inflation rate to increase to 5%?
11. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Helicopter Drop
• During a financial crisis (or large recession) consumers cut
spending potentially leading to a dangerous deflationary
period (Great Depression and Japan).
• To prevent deflation, the central bank needs to get money
into the hands of the consumers. Interest rates are set to zero
(liquidity trap) but no one is spending. With deflation there is
a positive return to holding cash.
• “Let us suppose now that one day a helicopter flies over this
community and drops an additional $1000 in bills from the
sky.... Let us suppose further that everyone is convinced that
this is a unique event which will never be repeated.”
Milton Friedman (1969, The Optimum Quantity of Money)
• The goal is to increase spending and raise inflationary
expectations. A side effect would be a reduction in
government debt.
12. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Blinder and Hubbard
• To the maximum extent possible, fiscal adjustments should
promote economic growth rather than retard it.
• The burden of policy adjustment should be borne
progressively. That means it should ask more sacrifices from
more-well-off households than from less-well-off households.
• The fiscal adjustment should be gradual.
13. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Blinder and Hubbard
• Social Security: The program’s finances need to be shored
up
• Increase retirement age
• Means-testing - reduce benefits for high income households.
• Increase payroll cap.
• Medicare and Medicaid:A substantial share of the budget
cuts must come out of Medicare and Medicaid.
• Greater means-testing in Medicare.
• Increase in co-payment.
• Payment advisory board.
• Tax health care benefits
14. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Tax Reform
• “Tax reform can enhance growth. And if voters want a larger
government, a reformed system would raise the necessary
revenue with less damage to growth.”
• Broaden the base, lower the rates (Corporate and personal
income taxes)
• End majority of tax exemptions
• Selective taxes that propose an externality to society (sin
taxes, perhaps?)
15. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
The Council of Economic Advisors
• Ten past chairmen and chairwoman of the Council of
Economic Advisors came together and advised Congress and
the President to strongly consider some of the
recommendations in the Bowles-Simpson Deficit Reduction
Plan.
• Similar to the previous suggestions
16. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Stimulus Possibilities
• Direct government spending and a simplification of the tax
code
• Military Spending - Feldstein
• Infrastructure - Stiglitz
• R and D - (many economists)
• Don’t let the phrase shovel ready be a deterrent (the
slowdown will last for a while)
17. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Carbon Tax
• “A majority of the economists said a tax on fossil fuels would
be the most economically sound way to encourage
alternatives. A tax would raise the price of fossil fuels and
make alternatives, which today often are more costly to
produce, more competitive in the consumer market.”
Wall Street Journal (2/9/2007)
• “For a long time I have felt the price of gasoline in the United
States was way too low. Pretty much all economists believe
this.”
Steven Levitt
18. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Carbon Tax
• Blinder labels them the miracle cure. Reduce foreign oil
dependence and reduce the income tax burden. Greg Mankiw
maintains a list of economists in support of carbon taxes (the
list is very long)
• Removes government from subsidizing alternative fuels and
let’s the market determine oil alternatives.
• Canada and Australia have passed similar proposals.
• The average fuel efficiency for new automobiles sold in the US
has only increased by 5 mpg (car 28 to 33 mpg and light
truck 21 to 25 mpg)
19. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Carbon Tax - Benefits (from Mankiw)
• The environment - would be the most direct and least invasive
policy to address environmental concerns.
• Road congestion - Reduce congestion on streets and highways.
• Regulatory relief - A higher gas tax would accomplish
everything CAFE standards do, but without the adverse side
effects.
• The budget - A $1 per gallon hike in gas tax would bring in
$100 billion a year in government revenue and make a dent in
the looming fiscal gap.
• Economic Stability - A reduced dependence on foreign oil will
minimize the impact of oil shocks.
20. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Carbon Tax - Benefits (from Mankiw)
• Tax incidence - A higher gas tax discouraged oil consumption,
the price of oil would fall in world markets. As a result, the
price of gas to consumers would rise by less than the increase
in the tax. Some of the tax would in effect be paid by Saudi
Arabia and Venezuela.
• Economic growth - Public finance experts have long preached
that consumption taxes are better than income taxes for
long-run economic growth, because income taxes discourage
saving and investment. It would also encourage firms to
devote more R & D spending to the search for gasoline
substitutes.
• National security - Alan Greenspan called for higher gas taxes
recently. “It’s a national security issue,” he said. The gas tax
is an economic policy with positive spillovers to foreign affairs.
21. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Free Trade
• Increases in U.S. exports have accounted for most of our
growth since 2007 ($500 billion)
• Remove barriers to trade (85% of economists)
• For those workers that are displaced due to trade nearly 60%
of economists support increased unemployment benefits and
retraining programs.
• Promote greater free trade agreements (Colombia, Korea, and
Panama)
• Work with China, don’t place tariffs on Chinese goods.
22. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Food Prices
23. US Economy Crazy Economic Suggestions More Serious Economic Suggestions
Farm subsidies
• Farm subsidies have lead to an overproduction of certain crops
(mainly corn).
• Artificially lowered the price of beverages that use corn syrup.
• This will promote healthier eating.