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Feminism
- 1. • a bodyof theory and political practice • concerned with oppression of women • concerned to challenge the exploitation of women’s labour • concerned to challenge the social discrimination suffered by women Feminism? …or is it more accurate to talk of feminisms?
- 2. • liberal feminism- seeks equality and recognition • radical feminism - seeks to overthrow patriarchy • socialist feminism - sees women’s oppression as the result of both patriarchy and capitalism Feminisms
- 3. ‘the symbolic annihilationof women’ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9fFOelpE_8 • media and popular culture excludes women • media and popular culture trivialises women • media and popular culture condemns women • perpetuates the sexual division of labour and the oppression of women. In this way women are socialised into adopting particular roles (domestic labour, sex object) by symbolically rewarding them for good behaviour or punishing them for errant/bad behaviour.
- 4. In this waywomen are socialised into adopting particular roles (domestic labour, sex object) by symbolically rewarding them for good behaviour or punishing them for errant/bad behaviour. 18 February 2008 Girls Aloud’s Nicola Roberts: ‘I turned to drink after being branded ugly’ Good looks
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- 6. To what extentdo ideological messages that are prevalent in popular culture, offer men and women a ‘training’ in gender roles?
- 7. From early 20th century‘social hygiene’ manuals
- 8. Arguments about thesocialisation of men and women… Men dominant active authoritative variety of social roles professional rational strong Women subordinate passive submissive limited social roles domesticated emotional weak
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- 26. Emphasising the markersof sexual difference
- 27. Titian’s Venus ofUrbino, 1538 Hitchcock’s Rear Window, 1954 Woman to be looked at …
- 29. Ways of Seeing- episode 2 (John Berger, BBC, 1972) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u72AIab-Gdc
- 30. sexual violence inadvertisements
- 31. sexual violence inadvertisements
- 32. sexual violence inadvertisements
- 33. sexual violence inadvertisements
- 34. sexual violence inadvertisements
- 35. sexual violence inadvertisements
- 36. Report from theUniversity of Bristol and NSPCC, September 2009 The survey of 13 to 17-year-olds found that: • nearly 9 out of 10 girls had been in an intimate relationship • of these, 1 in 6 said they had been pressured into sexual intercourse • 1 in 16 said they had been raped. • A quarter of girls had suffered physical violence such as being slapped, punched, or beaten by their boyfriends.
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- 38. Tanya Modleski, Lovingwith a Vengeance, 1982 Mass produced romantic fantasies speak to very real problems in women’s lives
- 39. Janice Radway, Readingthe Romance, 1987 • study of romantic fiction and its female readership • discriminating readership • ideal story – independent, intelligent, good humoured woman secures the love and attention of a tender intelligent man, who although an emotional pre-literate, eventual learns to care for her and nurture her • romantic fantasy that recalls a a time of ‘maternal’ care • offers the vicarious experience of emotional succour which women are expected to provide to others without adequate reciprocation in their own lives • an element of Utopian protest against patriarchy
- 40. Ien Ang, WatchingDallas, 1985 • ‘emotional realism’ • ‘melodramatic imagination’ – day to day existence made as profoundly meaningful as classical tragedy • validates domestic, emotional life and so privileges cultural competences often shared by women
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- 44. Post-feminism • repudiation offeminism / images of female success • normalisation of pornography and hostility to feminism • young women’s ‘freedom’, cool and sophistication dependant upon their complicity and acquiescence to this culture Angela McRobbie (2006) ‘Post-feminism and the new gender regime’ in Curran and Morley (eds) Media and Cultural Theory (London: Routledge)
- 45. • To whatextent has ‘women’s lib’ been transformed into individual freedom? • To what extent is image of female ‘success’ tied to notions of the empowered of consumption? • If consumer spending power has liberated individual women, what is the quality of this liberty and freedom?