The document discusses three types of livestock feed: starter, grower, and finisher, each tailored for different stages of pig growth with varying nutrient compositions. It outlines feeding methods including restricted, ad libitum, and a combination of both, detailing advantages and disadvantages for each. Additionally, it explains the importance of Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in evaluating feed efficiency and profitability for farmers.

4. A. Types of Feed
The market offers three forms of
feed.
1. Starter Feed
2. Grower Feed
3. Finisher Feed

5. The proportion of nutrients in the
feed differs in each form. Changing
the proportion of nutrients is
necessary to address the chicken's
needs at different stages of
development. The change from one
ration to another will take place
slowly so as not to disrupt the
chicken's usual feeding behavior.
Always allow at least one week of
transition period.

6. 1. Starter Feed.
A starter feed is given to 10 to
20 kgs. weaners until the pigs
are about three months old
and weigh 30 to 35 kgs. A
starter feed contains 18
percent crude protein (CP) and
3,250 kilocalories (Kca/j) of
digestible energy (DE).

7. 2. Grower Feed.
Next to starter feed is the
grower feed. This is given until
the pigs
reach a weight of 60 kgs.
Grower ration contains 16
percent CP and 3,200 Kcal DE.

8. 3. Finisher Feed.
At 60 kgs, the pigs‘ ration is
shifted to finisher feed. It is
given to finisher pig up to 80
to 90 kgs ready for the market.
The ration contains 14
percent
CP with 3,200 Kcal DE.

9. B. Feeding Methods
1. Restricted Feeding.
2. Ad Libitum Feeding.
3. Combination of Ad Libitum
and Restricted Feeding

10. 1. Restricted Feeding.
the amount of feed givenis controlled or limited
to a certain amount just to satisfy the appetite of
the pig.

11. Advantages: Disadvantages:
• better feed conversion
ratio (FCR) (lower feed
cost and better
performance)
• good carcass quality
• better health control
• less digestive problems
• lower Average Daily Gain
• unequal growth
especially if feed trough
is not long enough to
accommodate all pigs
• more laborious
• less chance of coping
with higher market price

12. 2. Ad Libitum Feeding.
feeding without restrictions
and feed is made available
anytime. This feeding
method should be
practiced if pigs finished
have high growth
potentials and they are
in good health.

13. Advantages: Disadvantages:
• higher ADG is achieved
• less feed competition
• less laborious
• thicker backfat
• higher feed conversion
ration (higher feed cost)
• more digestive problems
in younger pigs
• less control on health
problems

14. 3. Combination of Ad Libitum and
Restricted Feeding
Pigs are fed ad libitum until they
reach the weight of 50 kgs. And fed restricted until
they are marketed. With this feeding method, the
growth potential of the animal can be maximized
during its first 50 kgs. of growth. Restriction is
practiced to reduce backfat thickness with a
corresponding increase in lean cut yield.

15. Advantages: Disadvantages:
• higher ADG with good
carcass qualify
• lower feed cost
• better use of good feed
(better FCR)
• higher possibility of
digestive problems if
shifting is not properly
done
• less control of health
problems and feed intake
at the start

16. What is the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)?
The FCR is simply the amount of feed it takes to
grow a kilogram of pig/chicken.
 The weight of feed intake divided by weight gained
by the animal.
 Lower FCR values indicate higher efficiency.

17. To determine the FCR or Feed Conversion Ration we must
use the formula below:
= _4 kg_
1 kg
= 4

19. = _2.7 kg_
1.12 kg
= 2.41

20. What is the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)?
The FCR is simply the amount of feed it takes to grow a kilogram of
chicken/pig.
= __621 kg__
259 kg
= 2.3976
= 2.40

21.  This means that when a feed has a low FCR, it takes
less feed to produce one kilogram of meat.
 A low FCR is a good indication of a high-quality feed.

22. Why is FCR important?
 It allows for an estimate of the feed
that will be required in the growing
cycle.
 Knowing how much feed will be
needed then allows a farmer to
determine the profitability of a
swine/poultry enterprise.
 This means that FCR allows the
farmer to make wise choices in
selecting and using feed to maximize
profitability.

24. Direction: Compute for the Feed Conversion Ratio of the following.
1.
= __2.5 kg__
1.4 kg
= 1.79

25. 2.
= __3.2 kg__
1.8 kg
= 1.78

26. 3.
= __2.4 kg__
1.2 kg
= 2

27. 4.
= __2.8 kg__
1.6 kg
= 1.75

28. 5.
= __2.2 kg__
1 kg
= 2.2

29. Feed
Consumed
Gain in Weight Feed
Conversion
Ratio (FCR)
1.) 1 kg .8 kg
2.) 1.8 kg 1.2 kg
3.) 2 kg 1.5 kg
4.) 2.2 kg 1.8 kg
5.) 2.5 3 kg