Federalism u like question

1. 258
FEDERALISl'}
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i - - - -
L Federalism:
(a) Ithastwolevels ofgovemment . . . .
(b) ThegovernmentfortheentirecountryJS respoi;1S1ble for~UbJects of common national interests.
(c) Thestategovernmentlooksafter the administration of the state.
(d') Bothsets ofgovernmentsenjoypowers independentof each other.
2. Unitaryform ofGovemment:
(a) Thereis one levelofgovernment.
(b) Thesub-unitsare subordinate to the CentralGovernment.
3. FeaturesofFederalism:
(a) Two ormore levels ofgovernment
(b) Eachtierofgovemmenthas itsownlegal authority.
(c) Eachtierofgovernmentisguaranteedauthority by the constitution.
(d') Theprovisions ofthe constitution canbechanged only with the consent of both the levels of
government
(e) Thecourtshavetheauthorityto decide the disputes between the two levels of government.
(J) Bothlevelsofgovernmentenjoy.6nanciaIautonomy. ·
(g) Thegovernmentpromotes unityofthecountry and accommodates regional diversity.
4. ProcessoftheFormationofFederal Government:
(a) Comingtogetherfederation
(~ . statescometogether.
~?l•~P,001uptheirsovereignty,butretain their identity.
(m}•f-.areequal1 divided betw
(•.,, ;:-· ,..,•.'~•;.;•' Y eencentreand the states.
~,,~·- '•.., ·- USA,Swit7.erland Australia
(b) HQ, N: .••.,, • , •
• . • ··" . federation
(lb:: • <::fJ>l!~byalargecountry.
(iih •• •·di :. ·
(;~- ,; i.;:,.:vid~betweenthestates and national government.
~l f lS"'~nntaerfu.1.
( • ·•· ·,:. . '. .·"""""'.L."E:.r
........
1'0 ~, -Sp~J3dgtum,
5. Featu.r: • S.'tetri"~ ··
. ',""'~
• i.fltO
ion Government and State Government
U-LIKE social sc!
:{i) Union List :
• (i) Subjects of national importance.
(it) Making of laws on these sub· t b .
Jee s y Uruon G
(iii) Examples - Defense, Foreign ff . ovemmentonly.
a airs, Currency
(2) State List : •
(i) Subjects of State and local un·p t
or ance.
(it) Making of laws on these subjects restri t d
c e to the state
(iii) Examples - Trade and commerce p li . government alone.
, o ce, Agriculture Ir • .
(3) Concurrent List : ' ngation.
(1) Subjects of common interest.
(ii) Making of laws on the sub1'ects by both s t f
• e s o government.
(iii) Examples - Education, Marriage, Adoption.
(iv) Incase of conflict, the laws made by the Union G . .
ovemmentwill be mtroduced
(b) .Amendments to the Constitution : •
(i) Tobe ratified by both the Houses of Parliament by two-third majority each.
(ii) Tobe also ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the total states.
(c) Role ofJudiciary:
(i) In case ofdisputes between the centre and the states, judiciary plays an important role.
(ii) The High Courts and Supreme Court play an important role.
(d) Allocation of resources : Both the sets of government have the authority to raise resources by
levying taxes.
(e) Supremacy ofthe Constitution : Both the sets ofgovernmenthave to abideby the constitution.
(J) Centre is more powerful :
(i) Residuary powers are granted to the Centre.
(it) The Central Government has the authority to administer the Union Territories.
6. Howis Federalism Practised in India :
(a) Creation ofStates :
(1) Some states were created after Independence on the basis of language.
(ii) Butstateslike Nagaland, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand were created on thebasisof culture,
ethnicity or geography.
(b) Language policy :
(i) Promotion of Hindi as the official language.
(iz) Recognition of 22 languages as Scheduled Languages by the Indian ConStitution.
(iii) Use ofEnglish along with Hindi for official purposes.
'.f~);•Centre-State relations : •
. • Ind. litics prevented the stated
(1) Before 1990, domination by one National Party m ian ~o .
government from exercising authority, provided in the constitution. . .
fli'1 · th s formation of coalition
'.,P.., After 1990, with rise of regional political parties, ere wa
... government at the Centre.
. b tw the Centre and States.
This led to the beginning of power-sharmg era e een .
di missing state government 111
an
l~upreme Court judgement prevented Centre from s
'~bitrary manner.

2. trali tion inIndia:
7. oecen sa
(a) Reasons: . Statesin India. .
(1) Largeanddiverse . in resolving local ISSues.
• Local people more equip~ . . by the people.
(1Q democratic parttopatton
(•'Q Encourages 1992 ·
111
• fdecentralisationbefore • d unicipalities in urban areas.
(b) Policy
O ats invillages an m
(Q SettingupofPanchay ntrolledbyStates. .
• tionswere co
(iQ Theseorgarusa . nswereconducted.
(••: No_,,.,,,,.,.electio to the local government.
m, '"'fl---: resourcesor power
(iv) No allocationof .
lisationafter 1992.
{c) Policyofdecentra . nsto localbodies.
(i) Tohold regularelectio eduledCastes,Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
• R rvationofseatsfor Sch
(11) ese . thirdofseats for women.
(iii) Reservationofone- S ElectionCommission to conduct elections.
• f • dependent tate
{iv) Settingup
O
m betweenStates and local governments.
{v) Sharingofpowerandrevenues
8. Main Features ofPanchayat Raj :
{a) GramSabha:
(1) All theadultvotersofavillage aremembers.
{iQ ApprovestheannualbudgetofGramPanchayat.
(iii) ElectsGramPanchayat
(iv) ReviewtheperformanceofGramPanchayat.
(b) GramPanchayat:
(1
) Itconsists ofward membersand sarpanch.
(i1) Itissupervisedbygrampanchayat
(c) PanchayatSamiti:
(z) Formed atblocklevel.
{i1) Grampanchayats atblocklevelaregrouped together.
(iii) Themembersareelectedbygrampanchayats.
(d) ZillaParishad:
(Q Formed atdistrictlevel.
(iz) PanchayatSamitisinadisbictlevel aregrouped together.
(iii) MembersoftheLokSabha,andMl.A'softhat district are also its members.
9. Local GovernmentbodiesinUrbanAreas:
{a) Municipalitiesintowns andhasachairmanandelected representatives of the people.
(b) MunicipalcorporationsincitiesandhasaMayorand elected representatives of the people.
10. AaaesamentoftheWorking ofLocalbodies:
(a) Strengths:
/260/
(~ Hasdeepened democracyinIndia.
(iz).Hasincreased theparticipationoflridJanwomen.
(b) Lapses:
('.) Ma.tingsofGramSabhaarenotheJdll!gWarly. ,nenl>
(ti) Resbiutesandpowershavenotbeentraniferredtolocalgovemmentsbystategovern
U-LIKE Social
--- •"'-N:·ftifr.-EXERCiSEs-·--·--
._ te the following States ~n a bl.an~ outline political map of India :
Q,t, I,aC' Mampur, S1kk1m, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
have been shown in the map given below :
IJd'
'fhestateS ~
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INDIA
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1. Manipur
2.Sikkim
3. Chhattisgarh
4.Goa
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. and shade three federal countries (other than India) on a blank outline political map of
rid.
countries are USA, Brazil and Australia. See the map on next page.
out one feature in the practiceof federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that
vent from that of Belgium.
ilar feature : Distribution ofpowers :
In both the countries, power has been divided among the national government, state
_(provincial) governments and local governments (community govt. in Belgium).
,InBelgium thecommunity governmenthas thepower regarding cultural,educationaland
language related issues. 261
;·

3. 262
MapofQ.2
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WORLD
Fe~Jal Countries
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1.USA
2. Brazil
3.Australia
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(ih) Inclndia thelegis)atiyepowem.aredivided as mentioned in the Union List, State List and
List In ~ditiohtoftus by the Act of 1992, the local governments have been
grantedmoreJ>OW:PrR
(b) Diffemit...,_:-ln~'ll!f~lliorlto Central and State Government, there is a thin!
kindo f ~ ¥ ~ ~glWl!rrunent_ This is elected by people belongmg10
onelanguageCOIIUnun,ity~J)u~l!renchand German-speaking- no matter where theyhve.
This gov~tdeals~th,cul~,~ucationaI and language related issues. In India, there
• such • t ' ..,.,;<,.
IS110 gDVernmen , •·<t.; 's::#§l; .
In India, there • ··&1..--• • •
1
rnment 1.e.,
• •• • • •'!'~~~6'fv~ The third government is the loca gove
Pancbayatsat,,;11.. level---'!:i;n~:.~~:.c.~.;1~ · 1
•• • ~ i c ••• ..,,. ~~f.Y~~tiesatthe town leve .
1
·n
Q.4. Whati,o 11,emaindif&na.e~'.l.-fihinofgo,,ernmentand a unitary one 1Exp
Wl
"th an Av.._ l . . ·. .· .;·'.1'1'-~ft"'.'""'..-1•· ··
........up e. ' .,.~·i.'IE".~,~.,;,-.,.,. i-.•.
Ans. (a) (i) Under a
nationaJ1
(iz) Powers
national·
(iit) The state
(iv) Thelocal
(b) (1) On the oth
there are two or three sets of government i.e.,
government makes law on subjects of
.affairs.
itate importance such as police.
importance.
. ...,enta
•lS only one level of governu•
government.
Social scl
f/1) Thereis no division ofpowers
·-- • 1 and the unit
the nationa government Which . s orprovinci· 1
- en1oy all a govenun
;py two differences between th s powers. ents are subordinate to
. e local g
1
cbnent m1992. overnment befor d
,. •• e an after th c
~erences between the local e onstitutional
government b f
Jreasfollows : e ore and after the constitu .
, tional amendm t .
More1992,elections to the localbod. en m
•• iesWerenoth Id
inandatory to hold regular elections to 1 I e regularly. Since1992 't' . .
,· • oca governm b ,I ISconstitutionally
,Before 1992, local bodies did not have , ent odies.
• any powers or
:state governments are required to share resources of their own. Afte 1992 th
. some powe d r ' e
L-..t:es. rs an revenue with I al
.-f?U'-U oc government
!Jr'r~~iil thebl~ks : .
Since the Uruted States 1s a (z)
-s~have equal powers and St_a_te_s_a_re-(-iz)
____ type of_federation, all the Constituent
;jfanclia is a (iii) ______ type of fede ti vis-a-vis the federal government.
1.,,..•..., ra on and some Stat h
~th&!II• In India, the (iv) es ave more power than
- ':F . .. government has more powers.
:(n:coming together, (ii) strong, (m) holding together, (iv) central
.t;IJ.ere are three reactions to the language policy followed • I d' c·
c,; •.. , • • m n ia. ive an argument and an
rexample to support any of these positions.
S~geeta : The policy of accommodation have strengthened national unity.
Arman : Language based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their
language.
: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English overall other
languages.
position held by Sangeeta that the policy of accommodationhave strengthened national unity
:correct. The Central Government agreed to continue the use of English along with Hindi for
.u purposes to avoid the Lankan kind of situation. Otherwise, the movement against Hindi
~puld have taken more ugly turn. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the
•emment of India. The flexibility in the policy has proved to be in the interest of the country.
L~, the policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity. Hindi is being used along
- ~ for official purposes.
'distinguishing feature of a federal government is :
:National government gives some powers to the provincial government.
·Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
lected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
if;overnmental power is divided between different levels of government.
• diff rent levels of government.
power is divided betw:en e . . iven here. Group them under the
:'subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constltution are g
•d d in the table below:
'State and Concurrent Lists as provt e ank' .F Forests·
Ed f n·E B mg; • '
ifence; B. Police; C. Agriculture; D. uca 10
' •
lunications; H. Trade; I. Marriages.
:1Ust
List : Defence, Banking and Communications.
263
'
I,

4. (iQ StateList:Pofice,AgricultureandTrade.
(iii) ConcunentList:Education.ForeslSandMarriages,
Q.10. Jlxallllne th•{ollowinSpailS that give the )evel of government in India
government at thatlevel to make laws on the subjeclS mentioned agai a
nd
the Pow
followingpallSIsnotcorrectlymat<hed? n,i ••ch. Wh~rs •!
1
,
- - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - • tch of '1'
I State List
1
ht
(a) Stategovenunent , •., . . • • UnionList
~) (elllra1 . . •• c.nncurrentList
(c) CentralandStategoverriffi~ts •
(di t.oco1,,..-.,.11 • • , _ Beslduuypov,ers
Ans, (d)Localgovernments- Residuarypowers.
ItisnotcorrectlymatchedbecausetheresiduarypowershavebeengiventotheCentralG
Q.11. MatchListIwithListnandselecttheconed answerusing thecodes givenbelow ove'.""1"11.
.. ··- .:r~::i.:1.:<z:.:. ,,·:)'j~::;-;,f)~ -.~-,,.- • • L' thehsts:
··. ' -~i:; ,u:;1,_- ' •.:.vi::X" •-'~ ,.,. • ... ' l:'.' '. tst II
. ' . '-~ "''.-1" • • Jr,.... :'ft..!
--- • · '-..-~-T..a~:. :~ .,_ ·,, ..S->. -
.. _
_.~".!- -~-- • _.'Ao 'rnme Muu'
'ste
. --· .•------ ·-· ·-·· , r
2. State
3. M,·-!
-
4.
(1)
(b)
(c)
(cl)
•:,:·,a,, --
_
:ff
i-.
l '.:_
••. ·e;
• 'y ..,_;;•..''. ...
·====::;
~- Sarpanch
r;t:~Governor
'•··,ayor
Ans. (c) A,C,D,B.
Q.12. Considerthe followingstatements:
A. Inafederationthepowersofthefederaland provincialgovernments are clearlydemarcated.
B. India is a federation becausethe powersof the Union and State Governments are specified
intheConstitutionand they haveexclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
C. SriLankais a federationbecausethecountry is divided into provinces.
D. Indiaisnolongerafederationbecausesomepowers of the States have been devolved to the
local governmentbodies.
Whichofthestatementsgivenabovearecorrect?
(a) Band C (b) A,C andD :_(c) A and B only (d) B and C only
Ans. (c) AandBonly.
Match theCol;
Q.1.
264
Ans.
(A) -(3)
(B) - (1)
(C)-(4)
(D)-(2)
U-LIKE Social ~cl~
A Column B Ans.
(1) Division ofPowers (A)-(3)
(2) Concentrationof Power (B)- (4)
(3) Power-sharing (C)-(1)
(4) Centre (D)- (2)
r
I
A Column B Ans.
(1) Holding together (A)-(2)
(2) Coming together (B)-(1)
(3) Unitary (C) - (4)
(4) Federal (D)-(3)
1ULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
,m,t1onout ofthefour possible optionsgiven after the statementofthe question:
le'c,fthe following subjects is included in the Union List? [CBSE 2022)
~cation (b) Trade (c) Commerce (d) Irrigation
ofthe following countries is the example of 'Holding together federation' ?
[CBSE2022]
(b) India (c) USA (d) Switzerland
-of the following subjects is included in the State List? [CBSE 2022)
(b) Business (c) Currency (d) Communication
correct feature of Unitary form of government from the following options:
.
[CBSE 2022)
,aretwoor more levels of government.
1t tiers ofgovernment govern the same citizens.
~L of government has its ownjurisdiction.
-unitsare subordinate to the central government.
of the following subjects is included in the Concurrent List? [CBSE 20221
(b) Commerce (c) Agriculture (d) Marriage
·correct pair among the following: [CBSE 20221
Administration
Unitary
Federal
Unitary
Federal
I with Column II and choose the correct option :
Column II
A. Computer-related matter
[CBSE2022]
B. Forest
C. Police
D. Defence
265

5. (b) I-A, II-B, m-c, IV-O
(a) I-D,ll-C,m-B, IV-A (d) 1-B, Il-A, ID-C, IV-O
) 1
-C Il-B m-A, IV-D pie of 'coming together' federation ? [CBs
(c ' ' triesisan exam
( E20,.
Which ofthe following coun . (c) Spain d) Belgium '<I
Q.8. (b) India
· f I
( ) USA
th third-tierof democracy 1s a se ?
a • tatements about e
Wh• hofthefollowings bodi are reserved for women.
Q.9. ic itions inlocal es .
(a) One-thirdofall pos over revenues for the local bodies.
tretains the power
.
[CBsE2o~)
(b) Thestategovemmen bod' for the SC,ST and OBC candidates.
ed intheelected ies . .
(c) Seatsare reserv . • alled the State Election Commission conducts Panch
(d) An independent institution c
ayat and
municipalelections. h haring of power between the union government
• t Mot change t e s
and th
Q.10. 'The Parbamen ca • An change to it has to be first passed by both the lio e
state governments on its own. y . . ,
Uses of
I'amentwith at least two-thirdsmaJonty.
Par_, f federalismdoes theabove statementadhere to? [CBSE20,•1
Which feature o
· · d' · · 'fi "
• fth emmenthave their ownJtmS 1ction mspec1 c matters of legisl ti
(a) Differenttierso egov
a on,
taxationandadministration. . . .
(b) Changes in the fundamental provisions of the constitution require the consent of both the
levelsofgovernment.
(c) Theuniongovernmenthas thefinal powertosettleany dispute between the differentlevelsof
government.
(d) Thejurisdictionsofthetiers ofgovernmentarespecified in the Constitution.
Q.11. Read the passagebelow:
[CBSE 2022]
Australia became a nation on 1 January 1901, when the British Parliament passed legislation
enablingthesixAustraliancoloniestocollectivelygovernin theirown rightas the Commonwealth
ofAustralia. Itwasaremarkablepoliticalaccomplishment that had taken many years and several
referenda toachieve. Source: Official website of the National Museum ofAustralia.
From this,wecan inferthatAustralia is an example ofa_____.
(a) united democracy (b) unitarygovernment
(c) 'coming together'federation (d) 'holding together' federation
Q.12. In India's federal system, theCentraland the Stategovernments have the power to legislateon
all thosesubjects whichareincluded in the: [CBSE Sample Question Paper)
(a) Union List (b) StateList (c) ConcurrentList (d) Residuary Subjects
Q.
13
• WhichofthefollowingstatesoflndiaenjoyspecialpowersunderArticle371AoftheConstitution
ofIndia?
[CBSE Sample Question Paper]
(a) Nagaland (b) Rajasthan (c) Punjab (d) Tamil Nadu
Q.
14
• Match thefollowing itemsgiveninColumnA with those in Column B:
G66 Z
[CBSE Sample Question Paper)
ColumnA
CI
oumnB
I. Information Technology L Co .
II P I•
ncurrent List
• o ice
III. Education
2. Union List
IV D f,
3. State List
• e ence
Ch h 4. ResiduarySub1'ects
oose t e correctanswerfrom theopti gi
(a) I-4,II-3, m-1, N-2 on ~enbelow:
(c) I-4,II-1,ID-3,N-2 ( 1
•3,Il-4,ID-l,IV-2
(d) 1-4,Il-2,ID-1,IV-3
L U-LIKE Social Scleng
diciatY acts as an umpire in a federal nation ?
1
5, JlotlJu·dary rules over Centre and State.
O· (II) Judi and Judiciary work collectively.
centre
(b) ts can change structure ofConstitution.
[CBSE Sample Question Paper]
(c) courts use the power to interpret the Constitution.
Id) Cout • . •
• ppearing m an examination conducted for recruitment to Central Government
....It, IS a
t6, ,.... In how many languages as mentioned in the 8th Schedule can she opt to take the
O· 1t1ons, • •
Po' In 1Select the appropnate option. [CBSE Sample Question Paper]
exalll (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) 25
C,)
1
! the administrative system of lndfan Government wUh !he help of !he following
01
1. Jdelltify. •
[CBSE Sample Question Paper]
• ,_i anatton •
uuO hared between Central and Stategovernments to Local governments.
, powers
• called as a third tier of the government.
• It
15
S t governments are required to share somepowers and revenue with them.
'Ihe ta e
• the appropriate option from the following :
Select IS tern
(b) Unitary FederalSystem
, ) Federa Y
5
'-' tralised System (d) Unitary System
(c) [)ecenth t llowing options prove that India is a quasi-federal state ? .
4CI Which of e
O
[CBSE Sample Question Paper)
Q
..w,
(I) Morepowers with Centre
(Il) Residuary subjects with Centre
(DI) Equal subjects with Centre and States
(IV) Currencyand Railways with Centre
Options:
(a) I,WandN (b) I, II and IV (c) Il, ill and IV (d) I, II and ill
Q.19. Identify the correct statement/s about the theory ofFederalism in the Indian Constitution :
[CBSE Sample Question Paper]
(I) TheConstitution declared India as a Union ofStates.
(D) Sharing of power between the Union government and the State governments is basic to the
structure of the Constitution.
(ID) Itis easy to make changes to this power-sharing arrangement.
(IV} The Parliament can on its own change this arrangement.
Options:
(a) Iand Il (b) IT and ill (c) Iand ill (d) Il and IV
Q.20. Whichofthe following definitions offederalism is most appropriate ?
(a) Federalism is a system of govt. where regional govts. are given some powers by the central
govt.
Cb) Federalism is a system of govt. where there are central as well as regional governments.
(c) Federalismisa systemofgovernmentinwhich thepowerisdividedbetweenacentralauthority
and various constituent units of thecountry.
. Jd) Noneof the above.
.~~Which ofthe following sta~ements is not correct about the federalism ?
There are two or more levels ofgovernments.
,):,Different levels of govt. govern the same citizens but each level has its own jurisdiction in
Bpecific matters. 267

6. IsOr tiers ofgovt. are specified in the constth.
respective leve . •utt
0
( ) The1·unsdictionofthe titutioncanbeunilaterally changed byth n.
c • ionsofthecons ecentt,
(d) Thefundamental prov1s • rrect about "holding together" federations ? a)80,l
• statements 1s co
Q.22. Which of the following vemments have equalpowers.
(a) Bothcentral and
st
atego powerful vis-a-vis states.
t tends to be more
(b) Centralgoverrunen has less powers than thestates.
(c) Centralgoverrunent ted ng the central, provincial and local govern-
uall distribu amo . . . . ••"-11ents.
(d) Powers areeq .Y • is not included in the Umon List m Indian Constitu .
Q.23. Which ofthe following subJects (b) Foreign Affairs hon?
(a) Banking (d) Agriculture
(c) Currency • f feeble structure of federalism in India before
199
'fyth propnate reason or
o:
Q.24. Identi e ap liti' byoneparty. (b) Less powers granted to the states
Do • ti nofpowerpo cs
·
(a) mma
O
t (d) Amendments in the constitution
(c) Unitary form ofgovemmen • . . . ·
• t son for following the policy of decentrahsatton in India
Id tifytheappropna e rea
,
Q.25. en • (b) India has varying conflicts.
( ) Indiahasadiverse culture.
a l • untry (d) India has variant languages
(c) India is a argesizeco • . . ·
fy th •atereason for less effective working of local government in Ind·
Q.26. Identi eappropn . 1a :
(a) Therepresentativesare notveryeffective.
(b) Thestructureoflocalgovernmentis defective.
(c) Thestategovernments~venotshared~oughresourcesandpowerswiththelocalgovernments.
(d) Corruptionin theworking oflocalbodies.
Q.27. Whichof thefollowing statementis notcorrectfor reservation ofseats in local bodies ?
[CBSE 2019)
(a) Seatsare reserved in localbodiesfor SC/Sfand OBC.
(b) Itis constitutionallymandatoryto hold regularelections.
(c) Atleastone-third seats are reserved for women.
(d) Seatsare reserved for seniorcitizens.
Q.28. Whichofthe following institutionsis nota Panchayati Raj institution ?
(a) GramSabha (b) Gram Panchayat
(c) PanchayatSamiti (d) Municipal Corporation
Q.29. Thereis one redeemingcharacteristicofIndian federation.
(a) Centreis morepowerful.
[26BZ
(b) Powersareequallydividedbetweencentre and the states.
(c) All theIndianstatesenjoy autonomy.
(d) Statesaremorepowerfulthan the centre.
' - • • ' J rlfflM&ii&-W&
~·
•.•.~~--.-.·---:-;,; p;
, ff.'• .• .....
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d)
7. (a) 8. (a) 9, (b) 10. (b)
13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (c)
19. (a) 20. (c) 21. (d) 22. (b)
25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (d) 28. (d)
5. (d)
11. (c)
17. (c)
23. (d)
29. (a)
[CBSE2019l
[CBSE2019)
6. (d)
12. (c)
18. (b)
24. (a)
L U-LIKE Social Science_.:El
EBASED QUESTIONS
a.1•
f the following options best signifies this cartoon ?
WJtich 0
(a) Perils of di~ssions ~-d debates. (b) Perils of transparency.
(c) Perils ofrunrung coalition government. (d) Perils ofaccountability.
QJ. Which of the following options bestsignifies this cartoon ?
(a) Thestates plead for more food.
(c) Thestates plead for more finances.
(b) The states plead for more power.
(d) The states plead for more freedom.
L ANSWERS
1, (c) 2. (b)
CORRECTTHE-FOlLOWING-
STATEMENTS AND_REWRITE
Q.t.•In federal fonn of government, the fundamental provisions of the constitution can be changed
byone level of government.
Ana. Two levels of government; centre and the states can change the fundamental provisions of the
C0nstitution.
269

7. Q
2. States like Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand were created on the bas·
.
is of la
Ans, StateslikeNagaland, Uttarakhand and]harkhand were created on the basis of cul nguage,
geography.
ture, ethiuei
Q.3. It was in 1992 that the Indian Constitution was amended and two-tier sy t • tyOt
semw
powerful. · •
as llade
Ans. It was in 1992 that the Indian Constitution was amended and three-tier system tlo~
powerful.
Was llade
QA. There are 22 languages besides Hindi, which are recognised as Scheduled ....
Indian Constitution.
Languages by lht
Ans. There are21languagesbesidesHindi,which are recognised asScheduled Lan
Constitution.
guagesby the lndi
Q.S. Therise ofregional partieshas strengthened the centre in India.
ill
Ans. Therise of regional parties has strengthened the states in India.
, I r· ' , -
' , ,- . ,'., _) f I
_·J _~ ~,_t.'' L - :-, I ' . " ; ....'J:::)·:JLtti
z
.
In the questions givenbelow, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Read thestatements and choose the correctoption.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are truebut (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is truebut (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Q.1.. Assertion (A) : The federal experimenthasbeen successful in India.
Reason (R) : The nature of democratic principles have been one of the redeeming feature of
Indianpolitical system.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : After Independence of India, it was decided to continue the use of English with
Hindi for officialpurposes.
Reason (R) : Many non-speaking Indian States demanded the continuation of English for
officialwork.
Q.3. Assertion (A) : After 1992 the deprived classes of the Indian society have been provided more
dignity and respect at the lower level politics.
Reason (R) : The constitutional amendment of 1992 provided for reservation of seats for
backward classes andwomen.
Q.4. Assertion (A) : InIndian federal system, centre is stronger than the states.
Reason (R) : InIndian federal system residuary powers have been given to the centre.
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a)
Answers should not exceed 40 words.
Q.1. In 1993, what change in the form ofgovernment took place in Belgium?
270
u-uK~ socio_!
ti
1993, Be}gium shifted from a unitary t
ernxnents were given constituti al
O
a federal form of
go1 th l on powers Th government beca
.s~dent on e centra government. • e regional use the regional
u.1.r-
governments
dfh•tis the type of government in Sri l
were no longer
·o·~~~
~a?
.
1
tJtdtarY form of government.
:'I!' dn.atis the demand of Tamil leaders reg d"
n3, ~•• . ar mg form f
Tainilleaders want Sn Lanka to become a f d
O
government?
1J11-
e eral syste
wttatis federalism ?
m.
Q.4- • t f
pederaliSm is a sys em o government in which h .
/JII- · . t e power 1s d' 'd
• andvarious constituent units of the country. ivi ed between a central authority
,5.
,..,..-eany two countries in the west which h f d
Q ,,_.
' ave e eral f f •
USAand Canada. · orm
O
government•
: W}lat lsJurisdiction ?
...... Jurisdiction is the area over which some one has legal th •
-
au onty. The area ma b d fin d •
ofgeographicalboundaries or in terms of certain kinds of subjects. y e e e mterms
Q,7, Whatis unitary system of government?
..... Under the unitary system, either there is only one level of governm t th b -
,......
en or e su -uruts are
subordinate to the central government.
Q.S. How can the fundamental provisions of the constitution be changed or amended in a federal
system of government ?
Ans- The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of
government. Such changes require the consent ofboth the levels of government.
·Q.9~ What other factors besides politics keep federations united? [CBSE 2016-17)
Ans. Mutual trust and agreement to live together are the other factors that keep federations together.
Q,10. What is the nature of Indian federal system?
[CBSE 2016-17, 2019)
f.Ans.-~federal system is an example of 'holding together' type of federation.
-Q.U. Whatis 1 coming together' federation ?
"Ans. Itinvolves independent states coming together on their own to form abigger unit.
.Q.,12. Whatis"holding together' federation ? 1
' · ·· ·
th titutent states and the nationa
Ana. ln it a large country decides to divide its power between e cons
government.
,9•~ ,9l~_two examples of 'coming together' federation.
Ans. ·USA.Switzerland and Australia.
,Q.11. State any one feature that makes India a federal country• U ion Government and the State
'As-- ....._""
. • owers between the n
CUUh -1._m: Constitution divides legistative. P . e List and Concurrent List.
~emments. It has three lists viz. Union LiSt
,
st
at
!~.
d d • th Union List.
'Cttate my two subJ'ects inclu e in e • AffairS
(ii) Foreign •
Defence of the country• . t ?Mention any tw0
•
d . the State Lis
(ch are the subjects include tn (iz) Agriculture,
'ol,ce and
-
: ,
U . Government as well as
ltls Concurrent List ? interest to both the ruon
Kl;.•"'·
b- t of conunon
11CUrrent List includes su iec s t etc
eel tion, fores •
•vemments such as uca
271

8. I Q.18. Whalaru.sidUIIYsubjects ?Whocan~ak• law on th~ subj~• ?
Ans- (j Theresiduary subjectsarethose subjects that are not included m any of the
,, I . 1 ' .d , three 1
•
(iij TheUnionGovernmenthaS thepawerto egis aleon rest uary subjects. iSls,
Q19 Nam
etheinstitution,which resolves disputesabout the division of powers •
. . in Ind·
uprern
Ans- Incaseofanydisputeaboutthe divisionofpowers,the High Courts and theS ia.
.~ "¾
Q.20. NameanytwoUnionTerritories. • 1llal,
Ans- ChandigarhandLakshadweep.
Q.ll, Stateanyspecialprovision/featureof theJammu and Kashmir constitution.
Ans- Indianswho arenotpermanent residentsof this statecannotbuy land or house
. h 'al . . • here
Q.22.. Which government as spea powers m running union territories ? •
Ans. Centralgovernment.
Q.23. Namethestates,whichhavebeen createdonthebasis of culture, ethnicity 0
Alts. Nagaland,Uttarakband and)harkhand. • ' geography1
Q.24. Stateoneadvantageofformation oflinguistic states.
Ans. Theformationoflinguisticstateshasmadethecountrymoreunited Ith 1
easier. • asa somadeadmin•
. u ,1strauon
Q.25. WhatpercentageofIndiahave Hindias theirmothertongue ?
Ans. About40percentofIndians.
Q.26. WhatisthestatusofHindiinIndia?
Ans. Hindiwasidentifiedasthe officiallanguage.
Q.27. Whatisacoalitiongovemment?
Ans. Agovernmentformedbythe ool$.g of at least two • • •
acoalitionformapoliticalallianceand,adopt. political parties. Usually partn •
Q
.28. Wh . , acommonprogramme. mm
enWal!the reportoftheStates~tion • •
Ans. 1November,1956. . Comnuss1on was implemented ?
Q.29. Whatisdecentralisation?
Ans. Whenpower_~~away~~~@~StateGovernmentandgiventoLocalGovemm,
itiscalleddecentralisati
Q.30. Whatstepshavebeen~,~ni~Uiliei.tbir,(tier of democracy more powerful and effectiv
M
. . . ,,: ,,;,',!,:}•-,1~iillllil<'.:"'.:,"' ••
entionanytwo. • .·:~~"'[',,
Ans. (i) Itisamstituti
(ii) Anindeperuie,lt··
toconduct
Q.31. Whichlocalbodies
Ans. Towns-Munidp
Bigcities-Mr-•
Q.32. What is theofficial
Ans. Mayor.
Q.33. What is jurisdiction
Ans. Jurisdiction is thearea
ofgeographicalboun1
Q.34. Which probiems are
Ans. (1) Many stategovernmi
(ii) Adequate
272
dons to local government bodies.
Commissionhasbeen created in eachs1
. . The area may be defined in
·jects.
lonanytwo.
1
owers to the local governments,
the main advantage of lhe constitutional statusof the local govt. in India l
-~ofthe constitutionalstatus for the local government in India is thatithas helped to
!b~ocracyin our country.
~.d b dy which elects Gram Panchayat.
·1oca1 0 ,
'
d P
ied by Switzerland to establishfederalism in its country l
;:wasa o
}1 er federation
d" 'ded between centre and states in USA?
'-·· • lVl
,are lly divided between centre and states in USA.
equa
the work of Panchayat ?
the local bodies in towns ?
,~
leS,
tc;rin of government who enjoys the power to interpret the constitution ?
,; wasthe constitution amended lomake the thirdtierofDemocmymorepoweriul
1·
o~er the meeting of the Municipal Corporation? [CBSE Sample Paper 2019-20]
[unicipal Commissioner/Alderman.
tent has the power to legislate on 'Residuary' subjects in India?
[CBSE Sample Paper2019-20]
1
it, which is empowered to make laws on trade union in India.
state government is empowered to make laws on trade union in India.
URCE BASED QUESTIONS
given below and answer the following questions :
as an independent nation after a painful and bloody partition. Soon after
~eral princely states became a part of the country. The Constitution declared
of States. Although it did not use the word federation, the Indian Union is
..nciples of federalism.
.originally providedforatwo-tiersystemofgovernment,theUnionGovernmentor
·CentralGovernment,representingtheUnionof India and the StateGovernments.
of federalism was added in the form of Panchayats and Municipalities. As in
these different tiers enjoy separate jurisdiction.The Constitution clearly provided
ibution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State
~special characteristic of Indian federalism ?
. ?
tdia adopt federal system of government •
. . t 1· tt·on at the lowest level ?
tdia follow the prmc1ple of decen ra 1sa
1
. t din the Constitution.
tger than the States as the powers are
15
e
uold diversities.
273

9. 274
cha
t in the villages.
. trOducedPan ya "'r·--
(iii) (a) Ithasm,, . . .C rationsintheurban areas•
(b) IthasMunidP81 orpo the following questions :
givenbelowandanswer .
2. Read the sourt'I objectives : to safeguard and promote unity of the •
...__ federal system thus has dual 'onaldiversity. Therefore, two aspects are er . coliti,...
ua: • uunodateregt . Uc1a1 f ··,,
whileatthesamettmeacco • Governments at different levels should agree to 0rthe
..a:. offederalism· 'd b • 80lll.e
institutionsandpra"uce trust that each would ab1 e y its part of the agr tulea
• Th should also • eelll.ent
ofpower-sharlnS· :Isbothaspects:mutualtrust and agreement to live together. •,n
idealfederalsystem sharingbetweentwo sets of government then Wh
(i) UthereisaconSidaboutpower o resoll'ea
theissua? .
• federalism promoteumty?
(u) Howdoe . in India 7
(": H hastherebeenpowershartng
m, ow thedisp tesbetweenthe centreand the states.
Ans. (i' Judioary'resolves u dminis' . . f
'
1
• • among the various a trative units, ederalism p .
(': B distributina powers rov1
d
"' y --o • f the liticalstructure. es
o rtunitytoalltoremainpartO po . . .
ppo ti ·of1egisla·
• tivepowers ofCentreand State m the Constitution.
(iii) (a) Enumera on 1 •
(b) Self-governingpowerstotheloweruruts.
3. Readthesourcegivenbelow an~answerthe following questions :
Whenpoweris taken awayfrom Centraland State gove~e~ts ~d given to local government,
itiscalleddecentralisation.Thebasicideabehinddecentralisation IS that there are a large number
of problems and mu.es, which are best settled at the local level. People have better knowledge
ofproblemsintheirlocalities. Theyalso have better ideas on where to spend money and how to
manage things moreefficiently. Besid:es,at the local level it is possible for the people to directly
participatein decision-making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation. Local
government is thebestway to realise one important principle of democracy, namely local self-
govemment. .
(i) -N~theformofself..go,reri,m~in,dtiesand villages.
(ii) Howdidtheamendmentof1.992makethelocal self-government more democratic ?
(iii) Whydecentralisationis aneisentwfeature ofdemocracy ?
Ans. (i) In':3-tiesMunicipal~~ andin villages Panchayat Raj are the examples of local self-
gov~ -; . . I-' • •
(h) Itnot~yprovidedfor~~~ ofseatsfor women, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes
and Other Backward Classesbutalso·made it mandatory to hold regular elections with the
helpofStateBlectionCommission. •
(iii) (a) Peoplelearntobemore~t
(b) People learn lo take ~,po~erlevel and thus l~arn to participate in democratic
processes, .. ·.,.., "'>~ .1.,.....
4. Read thesourcegivenbelowandaus " , • . - .
• • :- • , •t .,.-~~~~lloW1ng questions:
Federalismis a system ofomr-...:..:...._
••·t;.,.-1-:_i_~
·,.;1•.::.1. •••,_. .
1
thori
o-·~-IQ, .111 '!'.+uu,, • • • entra au
and various constituentunits of , . _::-1 ,t :· :'· -~-power IS d1~ded between a c ent.
One IS
• the So"°""'""'-·t ·tbe··~~DV~_
,!l.,Y1.Jl_federation has two levels of governm o·
.......A""IQ' ior .. ~tire' ...-. • •• ,. •. "·>·-... : . w subjects '
common national interest The~ptt-~~.-~ually respons1bl~ for a fe that loo:
after much ofthe day-to-da· , •d"F • ..•••• !i,'•'1-. at-the level of provinces or states .
0
.
. ya _. , ents enJ
theirpowerindependentofthe .,•:-.:' •• . Both these levels of governm
(1) Howhas the federal
U-Lll(E Social
• the relation between Centre and States in United States ?
ttlS d
the centre been ma e more powerful in India 7
l!iW~cy of theIndian ConstitutionWhich is held byIndianJudicial system,
,rein tre and States are equally powerful.
"' cen
J!l1/.jioth ranting ofResiduary Powers to the Centre. . .
,Ql!);(ll) G e Union governmentha_s beenempowered to make laws on thesubjectsenumerated m
,~'.a (b) Th t list In case there 1s a conflict, the law made by the Union will prevail.
thesta e •
NSWER QUESTIONS
to t1,tse questions should notexceed 60 words each.
, •tarethe key features of federalism ?
Q.t. . I
A.fllo. J
9
_ptere are two or more evels ~f gove~en~.
--i
J
,;,,·Bachlevel ofgovernment has its ownJurisdiction in specifi . .
!1 • • tr ti' cmatters oflegislation, taxation and
adJniniS a on.
(i#J 1bejurisdictions of each level is specified in the constitution.
(hi) .Thefundamental provisions of the constitution cannotbe changed unilaterally.
(o) Thecourts are guardian and interpretor of the constitution.
(rnJ Sourcesofrevenue for the each level are specified in the constitution.
(f!hl The objects of the federal govt. are to safeguard and promote unity of the country and to
accommodate regional diversity.
lQ~~:w._m,chare two aspects that are crucial for the institutions and practice of federalism ?
,(i) Governments at different levels should agree to some rules ofpower-sharing.
,(iJ.) _They should also trust that each would abide by its part of the agreement. Thus, an ideal
,federal system has both aspects : mutual trust and agreement to live together.
QJ. Whatis basic to the structure of the constitution ?How amendment/change can be made in this
partofthe constitution ?
1
Cf~rThesharing of power between the Union Government and the State Governments is basic to
the structure of the constitution.
1):Itis difficult to make changes to this power-sharing arrangement.
J~.J:lheParliament cannot on its own change this arrangement. . . .
l(,I) Anychange to it has tobe first passed byboth the Houses ofParliamentwith atleast two-thirds
itimajority. Then it has to be ratified by the legislatures ofatleast halfof the total states.
lbe the role of judiciary in federalism. . . .
judiciary plays an important role in overseeing the implementation of constitutional
'~_IYisions and procedures. d th s c urt
· th High Courts an e upreme o
case of any dispute about the division of powers, e
:e a decision.
!f»dwhy federalism in India has been successful ? f federalism but these are
ry for the success o
lerally constitutional provisions are necessa
sufficient. th ture ofdemocratic politics in the country.
dia federalism has been successful, due to ena d .
. .d l h ve been followe •
has_ensured th~t following 1
ea s a (b) Respect for diversity.
1t of federalism.
for living together. 275

10. . are man languages. Hindi is the mother tongue of 40 per cent lndi
Q.6. In India thereffi ·at t guyage What safeguards have been taken to protect other I ans "lld L
beenmade o a an • . angu 1•~~
. Hindi there are 21 other languages recogrused as scheduled Ian "Ses? .t
Ans. (i) Besides ,
8Uages b •·
Constitution.
'i tile
(ii) A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions ll
take the examination in any of the 22 scheduled languages. . ay Opt ta
(''i) States are allowed to have their own official languages.
Ill
' th ffi ' 11
(• : Much of the government work takes place m e o c1a anguage of the concerned
tv,
Wh t • th • . . state
Whichare the local bodies in the urban areas ? a is eir composition ? •
Q3
•
· • liti .
,. ) Th 1 al bodies in the urban areas are muruc1pa es or murucipal conunit·t .
Ans. ,a e oc . . . .
ees 111 to
municipal corporations m big aties.
Wns,
(b' (i' The members ofmunicipal committees and municipal corporations are also el
, ,,
ected by the
people.
(ii' Municipal Chaup'erson is the political head of the municipal committee. Ch .
,,
a1rperso
municipal corporation is called the Mayor.
nof
Q.8. Name any two subjects that are included in Concurrent List. How are laws mad
e on these
subjects? Explain. . [CBSE 20
191
Ans. (i) ItincludessubjectsofcommoninteresttoboththeUruonGovt. aswellas theStateGovernm
• L d • • dti' d . ents,
such as education, rorest, tra e uruons, m.arnage, a op on an succession.
(ii) Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on these subjects.
(iii) Incase the laws conflict witheach other, the law made by the Union Govt. will prevail.
Q.9. What are the problems being faced by the local governments in India ? State any three
problems.
[CBSE 2019}
Ans. (i) Elections areheld regularly but for gram sabhas are not held regularly.
(it) Manystate governments have not transferred significant powers to the local governments.
(iii) Adequate resourceshave notbeen given to them. Thus, there is still a long way to achieve the
idealof self government.
Q.10. All the constituent units in India do not have identical powers. Comment.
Ans. All States in the Indian Union do not have identical powers as Indian federation was formed by
'holdingtogether'.
(i) Some States enjoy a special status. States such as Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and
Mizoram enjoy special powers under Article 371 due to their peculiar social and historical
circumstances. .
(ii) These special powers are especially enjoyed in relation to the protection of land righ~ of
indigenous peoples, their culture and also preferential employment in government services.
Indianswho are notpermanentresidents of this State cannot buy land or house here.
(iii) Similarspecialprovisionsexistfor some otherStates of India as well. The Union Territories _do
not have the powers of a State. TheCentral Government exercises special powers in n,uuung
the union territories in India. areas like Chandigarh Lakshadweep or Delhi are too
mall beco ' . • States,
s to me an independentS~te could notbe merged with any of the existmg
Answers to these questions should
Q.1. Distinguish between 'Coming toget:6 LS together' types of federations,
276
U-LIKE Social SC
tihg!!'.gether'1.ederations
rortns of federations are formed by
dent states which come together
:~wn to form federation.
tect is to form a bigger unit so that
,µng sovereignty and retaining
~, they can increase their security.
Lples of this type of federations
.USA, Switzerland and Australia.
Le constituent states and federal
Lent have equal powers and are
;gvis-a-vis the federal government.
'
'Holding together'federations
(i) Under these federations, large country
decides to divide its power between
the constituent States and the national
government.
(it) The object is to have a powerful central
government to maintain unity in
diversity.
(iiz) The examples of this type of federations
are India,Spain and Belgium.
(iv) In such federations, the national or
central government is powerful than
the states or provinces as in India. Some
states may have unequal powers or
special powers as J&K (India) has its
own constitution.
Q
.2. How are legislative powers divided between Union and St t G • •
· ·
a e ovemments m India ?
·AJIJ. the legislative powers are divided as follows : •
(i) Union List: (a) It includes subjects of national importance such as def f • aff •
.
ence, ore1gn airs.
(b) These are included to have a uniform policy in the country.
(c) Only the Union Government can make law on these subjects.
State List : (a) It contains subjects of state importance such as police, trade and commerce.
(b) The State Government alone can make laws on these matters.
Concurrent List: (a) It includes subjects of common interest such as education, forests etc.
(b) Both governments can make laws on the subjects of this list.
(c) In case the laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will
prevail.
(iv) Residuary Powers : (a) These subjects such as computersoftware arenotincluded in threelists
because these came up after the Constitution was made.
(b) The Union Government has the power to make laws on these subjects.
(i) Pokharan the place where India conducted its nuclear tests, lies in Rajasth~- Suppos~
· '
1G ment's nuclear pobcy, could it
:the Govt. of Rajasthan was opposed to _the Centra overn ?
.prevent the Govt. of India from conducting the nuclear tests • . . h I But the Union
, . d ce new textbooks in ,ts sc oo s.
Suppose the Govt. of Sikkim plans to intro u t tbooks In that case, does the State
,· d t t of the new ex •
~ovt. does not like the style an con en . b f e these textbooks can belaunched?
. . . fr the Union Govt. e or
Govt. need to take penn1ss1on om Chh ttisgarh and Odisha have different
. . t f Andhra Pradesh, a • • f I d'
, ~.uppose the Chief Mints ers O
l't Can the Prime Minister o n ia
., ,. . d to the naxa • es.
!policies on how their state pobce respon M' . ters will have to obey.
··· II Chief inis f th
Ltervene and pass an order that a N l ar tests are related to the defence o e
· tance uc e d tin
lo. Defence is a subject of national unpor d •t prevent the Govt. of India from con uc g
- nunentcoul no
1untry. So the Rajasthan gove
,
d St t government can make
1e nuclear tests. t L'st Both theCentralan a e k I w and if
. C curren i . lG t too ma esa a '
1
••: ti • • 1 ded in the on . • if the Centra ov •
lloAca on1s me u . to the constitution,
on this subject. According
r::-=:;
2ll

11. 278
their laws conflictwith each other, the law madeby the Union Govt. Will prevail
la hasbeen....--t bytheCentralGovt., the StateGovt. need not tak •In thi
asno w a----- e Pernu . scase
theUnionGovt. ss1onfro
(ih) Policeisastatesubject.So the statesofAndhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Octi ll
differentpolicies. Prime Minister cannot intervene and pass orders to be obe sha can fou
. Yed by aij 0w
Ministers,
c:iu
Q.4. Describe how federalism has been practised successfully through the creat· ef
ion of 1·
statesinIndiasinceindependence. •
1118uistt
Ans. {ij Theaeationoflinguisticstateswas the first major testfor democratic politi· . c
., . cs in Inct.
(it) In1941,theboundariesofseveralstateswere changed m order to create new ia.
states
(iii) In thebeginning the deman_d'for creationofsta~ on the basis of Ianguag •
e Was r •
to fearofdisintegration~utultimatelyunder the State Reorganisation Comm. . esistect due
• . 1ss1on th
wereaeatedonthebasisoflanguage. · : ' estates
{m) As the demandfor creation:of ~tescontinued, in 1966 Haryana was er
tale. fPunjab . .. ._· ..• _,. ._. , eated out f
s o • . --:: -.: •. • . • o the
. ' { . . . .i
(u) Nagaland,U~d~Jh:u~dwereaealedto recognise differences b
ethnicity
.. .~. . , . . ·. ased on c I
orgeograpuy. . • -t;. ·'.! •
..., .. -•• . ' u ture,
(m) The·latest·stateaa~is1~
Althoughsomenaticmal,Jeaders~thatthe' • ••••
:. . , ,-- ..;.. -~ - aeiltion ofstates on the basis f 1
.lead to ~tegrationd~~-11:,~ has shown that th o _anguag_e would
stateshas_Slffll,.nv~- • , •s'-l• _...c~ •i...:l;_'ilt-has,aJso _e_formation of lmguistic
- ... ••• , - ,._. • ·J·~·• .aa:c made administr ti
Q.S. Whatwas,themaditian~/;, •. ·'·' ;~', ·. '"· ·•. :· '· ... • a on easier.
a.t.:...a • . • . ~-- -~---••_,£. . ·;,:i:•·- . .3,Howthe amendment of 1992 h
1111111 tieri.ev~_y- •
._,, •· ·· . . , _ . . as made the
Ans. Before 199'1 the.· -~ / . , -s:_. • • ~,.,;~·~~,. •• • [CBSE 2019)
werenotbeld. '". •. ;;> •.:,Y~trol of the state governments. Elections
in1992to~ •. Therefore, Constitution was amended
~~~gallMi• :
(b) , . , .. .Sovernment bodies.
(c). •~ds for SC/ST/OBCs.
(d)
(e)
Th
and
Q.6. Exp
kin
Ans. (i)
(it) n-,
(iii) Acx:orcliriii
many
Tamil
(iv) Itwas
non-Hindii»peillani
(v) Promotionofffii1U.1te<
"- oflocal bodies.
,with local government bodies. The
Now elections are held regularly
helped our country avoid the
·wastostop in 1965. However,
,use of English, particularly in
,.._Sri Lanka type situation.
for'official purposes so long as
i!mmPnt ofIndia but thatdoes
i!,dbilityinthelanguag~policyhelpedourcountrytoavoidSri Lankankindofsituation.
strengthened the spmt offederalism.
ierallsm been strengthenedbycentre..tate relations in India ?
,_- 'ng the central and most ofthestateswere ruled byoneparty i.e., Congress. Asa
slategovts. did not exercise their rights asautonomousstates/federa! units.
,.Congressparties crunetopowerinstates,thecentretried to underminetheirpower,
•• ,es the slate govts. were dismissed on onePretextor the other. It was against the
federalism.
990
with the rise of regional parties, coalition govts. were formed at the centre. To•
••iiionaJparties entered into alliance with regional parties to form coalition govt. This
'er-sharing and respect for the autonomy ofStateGovts.
• e Court too made it difficult for the Centre to dismiss Stategovts. in an arbitrary
the centre-states relationsstrengthened thespiritoffederalism.
·• us, t ps taken towards decentralisation for making the third-tier of govt. more
Ljor
8
e [CBSE2016-17]
tohold elections.
~-- ofseats for SC/ST/OBC.
~-- of 1/3seats for women.
to share power and revenue.
ion7above.
local government known in India ? What are its differentinstitutions ?
Or
betw~en Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat. [CBSE 2016-17)
government is popularly known by the name Panchayati Raj.
,ha consists of all the voters in the village and meets twice or thrice in a year to
lthe annual budget of the gram panchayatand to review its performance.
: (i) There is a panchayat in each village or group ofvillages.
council which has several ward members (Panch) and apresident(sarpanch).
-~directly elected by all the adult population living in thatward orvillage.
lyat is a decision-making body for the entire village.
under the overall supervision ofGram Sabha.
Samitiorblock or mandal :(i) Afew gram panchayats aregrouped togetherto form
1tSamiti or block or mandal.
lembers of this body are elected by all the members of the panch~yats that a_rea.
ld : (z) All the panchayatsamities or mandals in adistrict constitute Zilla Panshad,
lbers are elected. .
d MLA
f that district and some other offiaals of other
of the Lok Sabha an s 0
level bodies are also its members. . .
. lif al head ofthe Zilla Par1shad.
•~had chairperson is the po ic f local ovemments. Also mention the problems
1chievementsof the new syStem O g
faced by these bodies. lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and
.ents : (I) There are now about 36
itiesetc., all over the country.
279

12. (ii) Constitutional status for local government has helped to strengthen democracy in the
country.
(iii) There is now uniformity in local bodies across the country.
(iv) There is a significant number of women in the local bodies.
(b) Problems: There are problems too which are as follows:
(i) Elections are held regularly but for gram sabhas are not held regularly.
(ii) ManyState governments have not transferred significant powers to the local governments.
(iii) Adequate resources have not been given to them. Thus, there is still a long way to achieve
the ideal of self government.
Q.11. Describe the importance of a third tier of government in a vast country like India. [CBSE 2019]
Ans. (a) (z) A vast country like India cannot be run only through central and state governments.
(ii) States in India are as large as independent countries of Europe. In terms of population,
Uttar Pradesh is bigger than Russia.
(iii) There is, thus need for power-sharing within these states. Local govts. were set up after
independence.
(iv) Another tier has been introduced at the local level i.e., Panchayati Raj. Under the Act of
1992 Constitution was amended to make third tier more powerful and effective.
(v) It has proved largest experiment in a democracy conducted anywhere in the world.
(b) Importance - (i) There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the panchayats and
municipalities etc. all over the country.
(ii) Constitutional status for local government has helped to strengthen democracy in the
country.
(iii) There is now uniformity in local bodies across the country.
(iv) There is a significant number of women in the local bodies.